三种药剂及其复配剂对松突圆蚧的毒力测定

本以机油乳油、毒死蜱及喹硫磷对松突圆蚧1龄若虫进行室内毒力测定,结果表明各药剂对松突圆蚧均有一定的毒力,其中喹硫磷的毒力明显大于其它两种药剂的毒力,但喹硫磷与毒死蜱及机油复配没有增效作用,而机油乳油与毒死蜱以13：10混配,增效作用明显,共毒系数达到405．41．     

考氏白盾蚧药效试验初报

试验了一些药剂对考氏白眉蚧的防治效果。对初孵若虫及2、3龄若虫室内均以40％氧化乐果乳油、50％乐果乳剂、20％中西除虫菊酯乳剂、40％水胺硫磷乳剂的1000倍液及60％柴油乳剂30倍液效果较好。对雌成虫室外试验以60％柴油乳剂30倍液、40％氧化乐果乳油、40％水胺硫磷乳剂1000倍液及50％杀螟松乳剂600倍液效果较好。     

番茄、芦苇、水杉、皂荚粗提液与辛硫磷、氯氰菊酯混用对赤拟谷盗杀灭作用的初步试验

赤拟谷盗是一种重要的世界性储粮害虫,防治困难.本文采用浸渍法测定了番茄茎叶、芦苇全株、水杉叶、皂荚果实等4种植物材料水提液与两种杀虫剂混用对赤拟谷盗的毒力效应.结果 表明,各提取液与40%辛硫磷乳油1000倍液、5%氯氰菊酯乳油500倍液以不同比例混配时,均表现出不同程度的增效作用.药液与植物提取液以4:1、1:1体积...     

毒死蜱和高效氯氰菊酯防治荔枝蝽的田间试验效果

采用害虫种群动态、虫口减退率和校正虫口减退率3个指标评价了毒死蜱及高效氯氰菊酯单独使用和复配使用对荔枝蝽的野外防治效果。结果表明:4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油1500倍和9%毒死蜱.高效氯氰菊酯乳油1000倍液是防治荔枝蝽象的有效配比,防治效果较好,药效持续时间较长。2种杀虫剂复配使用无增效作用,但能够降低害虫产生抗药性的风险,在荔枝蝽虫口密度较低时可考虑使用。     

几种杀螨剂对食菌嗜木螨的毒力测定和菇房药效试验

毒力测定结果表明．五种杀螨荆对食菌嗜木螨的毒力顺序由高至低为：天力Ⅱ号、扑螨特、单甲胖、螨克、克螨特。药效试验显示,用天力Ⅱ号(0．12%灭虫丁可湿性粉剂)的250倍液和10%扑螨特乳油的1000倍液防治食菌嗜木螨可取得较好的防治效果。     

印楝素农药与虫生真菌混用防治红树林鳞翅目害虫

采用2种印楝素农药1%印楝素苦参碱乳油和0.3%印楝素乳油,以及2个虫生真菌绿僵菌菌株和白僵菌菌株对桐花长卷蛾、棉古毒蛾和广州小斑螟等3种红树林叶面和种子害虫的室内毒力测定结果表明,两种印楝素农药的单剂(500～1000倍)和与虫生真菌的复配剂(700倍),均对害虫有较强的毒性,一周内害虫死亡率达78.6～100%.两种印楝素农药与虫生真菌混合使用均比各自单独使用的杀虫效果好,其中与虫生真菌的复配剂700倍液的杀虫最快,效果最好,第3天柑橘长卷蛾和广州小斑螟的死亡率达100%,棉古毒蛾的死亡率达93.3%.应用1%印楝素苦参碱乳油和0.3%印楝素乳油与绿僵菌和白僵菌的复配剂500倍液进行林间防治危害桐花树的柑橘长卷蛾的试验,防治效果达65.4%～100%,该复配剂具有内吸传导作用、高效、低毒和安全等优点,值得大力推广应用.     

马缨丹乳油及其混剂对黄曲条跳甲的拒食活性

测试了自制的12.5%马缨丹乳油对黄曲条跳甲成虫拒食活性、持效性及其与7.5%鱼藤酮乳油、1.5%除虫菊水乳剂、0.3%印楝乳油混配的联合活性。该乳油1000倍液处理菜心叶片后48h对黄曲条跳甲成虫具有40%的拒食率,随着浓度升高,拒食活性增强;200、400和600倍液处理120h后对黄曲条跳甲成虫的累计拒食率分别达到76%、68%和43%。12.5%马缨丹乳油与7.5%鱼藤酮乳油以5∶5比例混配使用时,增效作用最为明显,拒食中浓度AFC50为5.25μg.ml-1,共毒系数CTC为213;与1.5%除虫菊水乳剂以1∶9比例混配使用时的增效作用次之,共毒系数CTC为149;与0.3%印楝乳油以9∶1、7∶3、5∶5、3∶7和1∶9比例混配使用时,其共毒系数CTC均100,表现为相互拮抗作用。结果表明:12.5%马缨丹乳油对黄曲条跳甲成虫具有强烈的拒食活性,其200倍液和400倍液拒食持效性好,且该乳油可与7.5%鱼藤酮乳油混配使用。     

三种杀菌剂防治香蕉叶斑病

用叶斑清乳油、敌力脱和粉锈宁对香蕉叶斑病进行防治试验,结果表明,25%叶斑清乳油1000倍液与25%敌力脱1000倍液在施药后20d防治效果基本相近,且比20%粉锈宁1000倍液的防治效果更好。     

8种杀虫剂对稻纵卷叶螟的田间药效试验简报

8种杀虫剂对稻纵卷叶螟的田间药效试验表明：20 d后,1.8%阿维菌素乳油对稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果达90.52%,20%三唑磷的防治效果为40.12%,18%杀虫双的防治效果为67.77%;阿维菌素乳油比杀虫双和三唑磷防效分别提高22.75和50.4个百分点,且防效时间长、经济省力、无药害现象发生,在水稻上使用安全.     

吡虫啉与高效氯氰菊酯复配对橄榄星室木虱的曾效作用

测定了吡虫与高效氯氰菊酯对橄榄星室木虱的毒力及其最佳复配比例.结果表明,高效氯氰菊酯与吡虫啉按23的比例复配,增效作用最为明显,共毒系数达到267.按比例配成5%的制剂,对田间橄榄星室木虱有较好的防治效果,1500倍、2000倍、2500倍药液1天后的防效达37.88-65.14%,3天达70.19-89.37%,21天达92.36-100%.     

Organophosphorus insecticides synergize pyrethroids in the resistant strain of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from West Africa

Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) populations from West Africa recently developed resistance to pyrethroid insecticides through enhanced metabolism by mixed-function oxidases. The combination index method was used to study the synergism of pyrethroids by organophosphorus insecticides. Several mixtures of insecticides currently registered to control cotton pest complex in West Africa were tested, including: cypermethrin/ethion, cypermethrin/profenofos, deltamethrin/ triazophos, deltamethrin/chlorpyriphos, cyfluthrin/chlorpyriphos, and betacyfluthrin/chlorpyriphos. In the resistant strain, the organophosphorus insecticides significantly increased the toxicity of pyrethroids suppressing the resistance effect, either by additive or synergistic effects. Significant synergism was shown for the following mixtures: cypermethrin/ethion, deltamethrin/triazophos, and deltamethrin/chlorpyriphos. The use of synergism from these insecticide mixtures should prove to be an additional tool in the overall resistance management strategy because the pyrethroid resistance in H. armigera from West Africa is not yet stable, decreasing between cotton seasons and increasing with treatments. In absence of selection, the susceptibility of H. armigera to insecticides should be restored.     

Occurrence and risk assessment of organophosphorus pesticide residues in Chinese tea

Tea is the second widely consumed beverage next to water. Tea drinking is one of the important pathways for human exposure of organonphosphorus pesticide. Consequently, incidence of organonphosphorus pesticide residues and risk assessment should be clear. In this study, the level of organonphosphorus pesticide residues in 810 Chinese teas manufactured between 2010–2013 was investigated using gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry and a flame photometric detector. Incidence of organonphosphorus pesticide residues occurred with a frequency of 29% and the average concentration of 93 μg kg^?1. The residue levels varied from tea types, sale spots, and production area. Chlorpyrifos, isocarbophos, and triazophos were the only three organonphosphorus pesticides with detectable residues, and the detectable rates were 13.0%, 13.6%, and 17.4%, respectively. The corresponding average daily intake of chlorpyrifos, isocarbophos, and triazophos by tea drinking was 0.000083 μg kg^?1 bw day^?1, 0.0036 μg kg^?1 bw day^?1, and 0.0022 μg kg^?1 bw day^?1. These results showed that the total hazard quotient of organonphosphorus pesticide pesticides from tea drinking was less than 0.02 and that the tea-drinking originated organonphosphorus pesticide exposure had a little adverse health effect for human being.     

毒死蜱与阿维菌素增效混配制剂对斑潜蝇属害虫的防治效果

通过有机磷杀虫剂毒死蜱与生物源农药阿维菌素混配制剂对美洲斑潜蝇Liriomyza sativae室内毒力实验,测定共毒系数为165～234,处于明显增效范围内。据此确定最佳配比和次佳配比,配制该增效混剂30%渗透型可湿性粉剂-1和-02,在山东防治美洲斑潜蝇幼虫的田间试验表明药效优良。制剂用量50 g/667m²药后3,7,11天,两可湿粉的校正防效分别为90.43%～91.71%和87.09%～90.53%,可湿粉-1用量25 g/667m²防效为85.96%～88.28%,可湿粉-2用量37.5 g/667m²相应校正防效为84.01%～85.38%,两增效混剂防治斑潜蝇速效性和持效性皆佳,成本有所下降,且对南美洲斑潜蝇L. huidobrensis亦有较好防效。使用可湿粉与乳油相比较可减少投放入环境的化学品数量。     

三种农药对斑马鱼的急性毒性和生物浓缩系数

采用斑马鱼(Brachydanio rerio)为试验生物,研究了吡虫啉、三唑磷和哒螨灵的急性毒性和生物浓缩系数．通过毒性试验,获得了这3种农药对斑马鱼的24、48、72和96h LC50值．这3种农药的96h LC50值分别为281．37mg·L^-1、8．37mg·L^-1和11．66μg·L^-1．根据急性毒性数据和有关技术指南,确定生物浓缩试验浓度和持续暴露时间为14d．经0．5和5mg·L^-1吡虫啉暴露后的生物浓缩系数(BCFs)分别为1．52和0．97．经0．02和0．2mg·L^-1三唑磷暴露后的BCFs分别为9．00和8．45．经0．1和1μg·L^-1哒螨灵暴露后的BCFs分别为5600和4920．     

Influences of insecticides on toxicity and cuticular penetration of abamectin in Helicoverpa armigera

Synergistic actions for mixtures of abamectin with other insecticides in some insect pests were evaluated, and the possible synergistic mechanism was studied by the comparison in toxicity and cuticular penetration of abamectin between with and without other insecticides or synergists in Helicoverpa armigera larvae. The results of bioassay showed that horticultural mineral oil (HMO), hexaflumuron, chlorpyrifos, and some other insecticides were synergistic to abamectin with 152.0-420.0 of co-toxicity coefficient(CTC) in some agricultural insect pests. In topical application tests, HMO or piperonyl butoxide (PBO) increased the toxicity of abamectin in larvae of H. armigera, but the mortality was not affected by s,s,s-tributylphorotrithioate (DEF) and triphenylphosphate (TPP). The synergistic action of HMO was obviously higher than PBO, and when treated simultaneously with abamectin, HMO gave a more significant synergism than if treated 2 hours ahead. The highest synergistic effect (SE) was found in the mixture of ‘abamectin HMO (1:206)‘. The mortality did not increase or the toxicity drop, when a synergist or HMO was added into the mixture of ‘abamectin HMO‘ or ‘abamectin synergist‘, respectively. Results from the isotope tracing experiments showed that HMO significantly enhanced the penetration of ^3H-abamectin through the cuticle of H.armigera larvae, which resulted in the synergism of the mixture. The cuticular penetration of ^3H-abamectin was not accumulatively affected by chlorpyrifos, nor by hexaflumuron,though there was an inhibition within 30 seconds or 1 hour after treated by these two chemicals respectively. Results suggested that the synergism of abamectin mixed with hexaflumuron or chlorpyrifos might be related to inhibition of metabolic enzymes or target sites in the larvae.     

Comparative toxicity and repellency of microencapsulated and other liquid insecticide formulations to the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)

Responses of German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae), to microencapsulated (ME) formulations of six insecticides (bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos, cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and permethrin) were compared with emulsifiable concentrates (EC) (chlorpyrifos, cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, and permethrin) or ready-to-use (RTU) formulations (bifenthin and lambda-cyhalothrin). Two rates were tested per comparison. Baseline toxicity (LT50 value) was determined by continuous exposure to residual deposits. Repellency, toxicity (LT50), and performance index (PI) values were determined using Ebeling choice boxes. Baseline toxicity of the permethrin formulations was similar, but all other active ingredients had significant toxicity differences at one or both formulation x dose comparisons. Baseline toxicity and repellency were negatively correlated. Choice box LT50 and the time to reach 50% of the maximum PI were positively correlated. The maximum PI was positively correlated (P < 0.06) with baseline LT50 and negatively correlated (P < 0.07) with repellency. Chlorpyrifos had the lowest repellency except for the EC at 0.25%. Bifenthrin ME and lambda-cyhalothrin ME had greater PI values than comparative RTU formulations. Cyfluthrin EC at 0.03% and deltamethrin ME at 0.01% had significantly lower PI values than comparison treatments. Permethrin PI value for the EC at 0.03% exceeded that for the ME, but at 0.05% the ME had a significantly greater PI. These data demonstrate the difficulty in making generalizations about the relative performance of ME compared with EC or RTU formulations. Variable results observed within, and between, formulations may be influenced by application rate, formulation type, other formulation components, and the toxicity-repellency of the active ingredient.     

噻虫胺对桃蚜的毒力及其亚致死剂量对桃蚜解毒酶系活力的影响

为明确噻虫胺对桃蚜Myzus persicae (Sulzer)的毒力和桃蚜的代谢解毒机制, 本研究采用点滴法、 叶片浸渍法和叶柄内吸法分别测定了噻虫胺对桃蚜的毒力, 以及胡椒基丁醚（PBO）、 磷酸三苯酯（TPP）和顺丁烯二酸二乙酯（DEM）对噻虫胺毒力的影响; 检测了噻虫胺在亚致死剂量LC₆, LC₁₅和LC₃₀下对桃蚜体内乙酰胆碱酯酶、 羧酸酯酶和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶活力的影响。结果表明: 噻虫胺对桃蚜点滴、 浸渍和内吸LC₅₀分别为1.891, 2.341和1.303 mg/L; 3种酶抑制剂分别与噻虫胺按1∶1混用, PBO对噻虫胺增效达2.41倍, 增效作用显著; TPP对噻虫胺增效达1.52倍, 增效作用也较明显; DEM对噻虫胺无增效作用。以噻虫胺LC₃₀浓度处理桃蚜, 处理后24 h其体内乙酰胆碱酯酶比活力受到显著抑制, 抑制率达41.2%; 以LC₁₅和LC₃₀浓度的噻虫胺处理桃蚜, 处理后24 h其体内羧酸酯酶比活力分别是对照的1.29和1.36倍, 有显著诱导激活作用; 以噻虫胺LC6, LC₁₅和LC₃₀浓度处理的桃蚜, 对其体内谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶的抑制率分别达7.9%, 11.9%和22.7%。结果说明噻虫胺对桃蚜具有较高毒力, 羧酸酯酶和多功能氧化酶可能是桃蚜体内代谢噻虫胺的主要酶系。