我国医疗联合体的利益相关者分析

随着医药卫生体制改革的不断深化,组建医疗联合体成为公立医院改革的新趋势。通过对医疗联合体利益相关者分析,组建区域性医疗联合体,对于联合体成员,包括核心医院和其他成员医院,还有政府或者患者都是有利的。因此,政府应在政策上对区域性医疗联合体给予更多支持,充分发挥医疗联合体的优势效应,促进公立医院的发展。     

芜湖市公立医院集团化改革实践与思考

分析了芜湖市组建医疗集团的背景、具体做法和取得的成效，从坚持公立医院公益属性、优化集团组织结构、完善服务体系建设、建立分级医疗机制提出了建议。     

区域中医医疗集团运行管理模式的实践与思考

通过组建区域中医医疗集团,探索公立医院改革和发展新模式。同时,为解决群众“看病难、看病贵”提供新思路。在区域中医医疗集团运行中实现以理事会为核心的治理结构,集团内部各成员单位的交流与合作进一步加强,在战略管理、技术交流、双向转诊、远程会诊系统等方面取得了显著成效。     

公立医院医疗集团运行模式的探索与思考 ——以上海某医疗集团为例

目的 探寻一种适合我国国情,符合新医改要求的医疗集团的运行模式。方法 采用案例研究的方式,以上海某医院集团为例,就其医疗集团的合作模式、变革前后医疗机构集团化各项指标的变化以及集团化进程中取得的成果结合相关文献予以分析,对出现的问题和未来发展提出建议。结果 上海某医院医疗集团根据各成员单位的区域、发展现状、各取所需,通过不同协作运行模式,建立切实可行的运行机制,均可实现多方共赢。结论 一家医疗集团多种运行模式共存是行之有效的。紧密型联动模式对隶属同一行政部门较易实现,在区域范围内的成员单位以半紧密型联动模式的医院托管为优,可较好实现资源整合、分级诊疗、双向转诊,更加符合新医改要求;区域外的成员单位以松散型的学科托管或学科联盟等为佳,可促进学科发展,加强人才培养。     

公立医院管理会计体系建设的意义与对策

我国已进入经济社会发展新常态,公立医院既要面对进一步深化医疗体制改革,实现医院公益性、福利性的任务,又要面对社会资本进入医疗领域带来的激烈的市场竞争,就要求公立医院必须建立公立医院管理会计体系。通过明确公立医院管理会计体系,阐述公立医院管理会计体系建设的意义,而后找出当前我国公立医院管理会计体系建设的中存在的问题,并针对这些问题提出相应对策。     

公立医院管理体制改革探析

为了弄清什么是公立医院的管理体制,公立医院管理体制改革的对象是什么等问题,通过系统阅读和整理若干文献, 认为：公立医院管理体制改革不是简单的“管办分开”,其本身并非改革的目的,而只是完善公立医院管理体制的手段;也不等于单纯地建立医院管理理事会。改革我国公立医院陈旧落后的管理体制就是要做到：在公立医院的外部治理上,转变政府职能,实现政府的宏观规划监管职能与微观经营管理职能分开,让医院获得经营管理的自主权;在公立医院的内部治理上,建立以医院管理理事会为核心的法人治理结构,在公立医院拥有充分自主权的前提下,实现公立医院的决策权、执行权与监督权的独立与相互制衡。     

信息管理系统在医院绩效考核分配中的应用研究

建立和完善医院内部绩效考核和收入分配制度,坚持公立医院公益性,是深化公立医院改革的一项重要内容;依托医院信息平台,开发建设基于临床数据仓库的智能化医院绩效考核分配信息管理系统,是各医院推进精细化管理所面临的重要课题。本文分析了信息管理系统在国内外医院内部绩效考核中的应用,剖析存在的问题,并提出了相应的建议和对策。     

基于结构方程的公共卫生服务提供效果影响因素研究

为了分析公立医院提供公共卫生服务效果的影响因素,通过问卷调查,收集了黑龙江省102家公立医院公共卫生服务相关数据。运用软件SPSS18.0和AMOS7.0对数据进行统计分析,建立公立医院提供公共卫生服务效果影响因素结构方程模型,探讨公共卫生服务提供效果的影响因素。研究发现,财政补偿与政府监管、医院管理、医院投入对公共卫生服务提供效果具有促进作用。     

江苏省公立医院编制制度改革政策制定过程分析 ——基于多源流理论视角

随着我国医疗卫生事业的快速发展和居民健康需求的不断提升,现行的公立医院编制配置标准已经不适应当前医院发展的需要,亟需创新编制管理方式以适应当前我国卫生事业快速发展的需要。江苏省在国家推进事业单位分类改革、深化公立医院改革的政策指引下,率先出台了编制管理创新的文件,在全省公立医院开始推进编制备案制。本文从政策制定的多源流理论视角,以政策制定过程的三大源流（问题源流、政策源流和政治源流）为切入点,系统梳理和分析江苏省公立医院编制制度改革政策的制定和演变过程,并浅析多源流理论对分析我国政策制定过程的适配性和局限性。     

湖北省县级公立医院改革试点医院财务收支状况分析

目的 通过分析湖北省县级公立医院改革试点医院财务收支现状及存在的问题,为更好地推动县级公立医院改革提供理论基础和行动指南。方法 采用现场调研方法收集湖北省35个县级公立医院改革试点医院的财政收入、支出和盈余等相关数据,运用描述性统计方法研究财务收支现状及其变化发展趋势。结果 (1)财政投入不足; (2)取消药品加成取得初效,但仍需加强;(3)县级公立医院欠费问题严峻;（4）中医院创收能力较弱;（5）总体收支结余增长过快。结论 针对县级公立医院财务存在的问题提出落实政府投入政策,建立市场调节型的多元化融资机制,优化中医院创收结构和核心竞争力,落实各种欠费的管理措施,加强县级公立医院预算管理。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.     

Composition and diversity of bird communities in Swedish farmland–forest mosaic landscapes

CapsuleThe amount of forest (at local and landscape scales) and occurrence of residual habitats at the local scale are shown to be the major factors influencing bird community composition in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Aims To investigate the importance of local habitat and landscape structure for breeding birds in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Methods Breeding birds were censused at 292 points. A detailed habitat mapping was made within 300 m of the points. Within a 300–600 m radius only two major habitats (forests and arable fields) were identified.

Results Cluster analyses of bird communities identified three site types that also differed in habitat composition: (i) partially forested sites in forested landscapes; (ii) heterogeneous sites with residual habitats in mosaic landscapes; and (iii) field-dominated farmland sites in open landscapes. A total of 19 of 25 farmland bird species (restricted to farmland or using both farmland and forest) had the highest abundance in farmland sites with mosaics of forest and farmland, while only six farmland species had the highest abundance in field-dominated sites. The bird community changed from being dominated by farmland species to being dominated by forest species (common in forest landscapes without farmland) at small proportions (10–20%) of forest at the local scale. A major difference in habitat composition between heterogeneous and field-dominated sites was the occurrence of different residual habitats (e.g. shrubby areas and seminatural grasslands). These habitats seemed to influence bird community composition more than land-use, despite covering <10% of the area. Seminatural grasslands were important for bird community composition and species-richness, but grazing seemed to be less important. Among different land-use types, cereal crops were the least preferred fields. Set-asides with tall vegetation and short rotation coppices were positively associated with species-richness of farmland birds.

Conclusion In general, the composition of the landscape was important for bird community composition, although amount and distribution of forests, occurrence of residual habitats and land-use of fields at the local scale had the strongest influence on bird community composition. The possible implications of these patterns for managing farmland–forest landscapes are discussed.     

Chemical constituents from the fruits of Rhus typhina L. and their chemotaxonomic significance

This work describes the isolation and characterization of twenty-nine compounds from the fruits of Rhus typhina L., including eleven flavonoids (1–11), eleven phenols (12–22), two pentacyclic triterpenes (23–24), two organic acids (25–26), one lumichrome (27), one courmarin (28) and one pyrimidine (29) on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Compounds apigenin (1), daidzein (4), orobol (5), 3′, 5, 5′, 7-tetrahydroxyflavanone (6), naringenin (7), butein (8), (-)-catechin (9), quercetin-3-O-α-L-(3″-O-galloyl)-rhamnoside (11), 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (13), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (14), vanillin (15), methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (16), 3,5-dihydroxybenzamide (18), tyrosol (19), caffeic acid (20), 3-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan-1-one (21), phlorizin (22), friedelin (23), oleanolic acid (24), 4,4-dimethyl-heptanedioic acid (25), anthranilic acid (26), lumichrome (27), scoparone (28) and uracil (29) have not been recorded before in this plant. This is the first report on the occurrence of compounds 4–7, 9, 11, 13–14, 16, 18–21, 25–29 from the genus Rhus. Moreover, the chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds was also summarized.