红树林人工湿地对生活污水的净化效果

建立3条结构相同的潜流人工湿地带(长×宽×高为33 m×3 m×0.5 m),带内分别种植外来种海桑和本地种秋茄、桐花树,水力负荷为5 m3·d-1,停留时间约3 d,连续2年监测。结果表明:各湿地带对CODcr、BOD5、TN、NH3-N、TP和SP的平均去除率分别为65%、74%、53%、52%、67%和70%;不同红树植物湿地带的去除能力不同,且与植物生长状况相关;湿地运行初期,海桑生长速度最快,其去污能力最强;其后海桑受到化学试剂的影响死亡1/2,其去污能力显著低于桐花树和秋茄;各湿地带对肠道菌群的去除率均高于80%,不同植物之间无显著差异,但出水中的菌体数量远高于国家污水排放标准,应结合其他措施(如氯化消毒等)处理肠道菌群;红树林是比较理想的人工湿地净化植物,但外来种海桑对化学试剂、低温等不良环境敏感,生长不稳定,需进一步探讨红树林作为人工湿地净化植物的可行性。     

人工湿地污水处理系统3种红树植物生理生态特性

研究了淡水条件下潜流型人工湿地污水处理系统中红树植物海桑、桐花树和木榄的生理生态特性。一年后,海桑、桐花树和木榄株高增长量分别为134、32cm和21cm,基径增长量分别为18.2、14.3mm和12.9mm,生物量增长量分别为747、113g/株和55g/株,表明海桑生长最快,桐花树次之,木榄最慢。从2004年1月至12月,海桑、桐花树和木榄各项生理指标的平均值分别为:叶片总叶绿素含量1.91、1.26、0.91mg/gFW,叶绿素a含量1.44、0.93、0.64mg/gFW,叶绿素b含量0.5、0.34、0.17mg/gFW,净光合速率9.67、6.39、3.57μmolCO2/(m2·s),蒸腾速率54、38、24mmolH2O/(m2·s),气孔导度285、222、110mmolH2O/(m2·s),电解质渗出率10.2、12.9、13.5%和SOD活性447、396、386U/gFW。结果表明光合作用和水分代谢海桑>桐花树>木榄,植物受伤害程度海桑<桐花树≈木榄。另外,3种红树植物全年的生理生态特征的变化规律基本相似,4～10月份生长较快,大部分生理指标维持高水平,1～3月份和11～12月份由于温度较低,生长比较慢,大部分生理指标处于较低水平。综合比较一年来人工湿地中3种红树植物的各项生理生态特征,结果显示海桑好于桐花树,桐花树好于木榄。     

菖蒲和石菖蒲的生长特性及其对生活污水净化功能的比较研究

以菖蒲和石菖蒲为对象,通过漂浮栽植研究了其在不同浓度生活污水中的生长特性及其对污水TN、NH3-N、TP、CODCr的去除情况。结果表明,菖蒲在中浓度污水中生长最好,其生物量显著高于低、高浓度,而石菖蒲在低浓度污水中生长最好,其生物量显著高于中、高浓度。菖蒲对中浓度污水中TN、TP、CODCr的去除率分别为96.85%、82.62%、88.89%,对低浓度污水中TN、TP、CODCr的去除率分别为99.87%、91.38%、83.34%,净化效果均高于高浓度(96.58%、80.96%、77.55%),但对NH3-N的去除率在高浓度污水中最好,为99.46%。石菖蒲净化中浓度污水的效果最好,对TN、NH3-N、TP、CODCr的去除率分别为94.20%、78.06%、89.43%、74.98%,对高浓度污水中的NH3-N、TP、CODCr的去除效果也较好,去除率分别为94.62%、91.95%、87.08%,但对TN去除率为59.14%,显著低于低浓度(98.73%)和中浓度(94.20%)。     

潜流-上行垂直流复合人工湿地对氮磷去除效果

研究了潜流-上行垂直流复合人工湿地工艺对NH4+-N、NO3--N、TN和TP的去除效果。在处理负荷为30 L.d-1,水力停留时间为4.8 d时,该工艺对NH4+-N、NO3--N、TN和TP具有良好的去除效果,平均去除率分别为95%、52%、79%和81%。对3种含氮化合物的去除效果可以根据运行时间分为两阶段,在两阶段中,对NH4+-N、NO3--N和TN的平均去除率分别为93%和99%,35%和98%,71%和98%。对TP的去除效果在整个试验过程中则保持稳定。     

人工湿地污水处理系统三种红树植物抗性生理特性

研究了淡水条件下潜流型人工湿地污水处理系统中红树植物海桑、桐花树和木榄的抗性生理特性.结果表明,在为期1年的试验中,人工湿地污水处理系统3种红树植物超氧物歧化(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性持续升高并维持在较高水平,脯氨酸含量在7～9月达到最高水平,质膜透性没有明显的变化规律.对人工湿地与深圳福田自然保护区3种红树植物抗性生理指标进行比较,前者SOD、POD和CAT活性明显低于后者,脯氨酸含量前者明显高于后者,而丙二醛（MDA）含量和质膜透性则两者没有差别.3种红树植物能较好地适应淡水条件下潜流型人工湿地污水处理系统.     

人工生境条件下几种红树植物的净初级生产力比较研究

选择3种红树植物海桑(Sonneratia caseolaris)、秋茄(Kandelia candel)和桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum),每种分别按45%、30%和15%的面积比例种植于滩涂海水养殖塘.种植后连续2年对红树植物进行生态监测.结果表明,海桑增高457.0cm,基径增加86.1mm,成活率92.9%;桐花树高、基径分别增长2.1cm和36.5mm,成活率93.9%;秋茄成活率44.7%,增高20.4cm、基径增加2.4mm,说明在不受自然潮汐影响的人工生境条件下,海桑和桐花树对环境的适应能力强,生长较好,秋茄的生长适应性较差.据不同时期树高、基径与干、枝、叶、根的生物量,求得植物各器官生物量与树高、基径的回归方程,分析了3种红树植物的生物量与净初级生产力.海桑单位面积生物量5597.8g·m^-2,桐花树962.5g·m^-2,秋茄66.0g·m^-2.生物量在植物各器官的分配按大小排序,海桑为树干＞树枝＞树根＞树叶;桐花树为树叶＞树枝＞树干＞树根;秋茄为树干＞树根＞树叶＞树枝.单位面积净初级生产力海桑为7051.5g·m^-2,桐花树1105.8g·m^-2,秋茄93.0g·m^-2.高生产力伴随高归还量,凋落物归还量占净初级生产力的比重为海桑20.5%、桐花树15.4%、秋茄7.%.     

两栖榕在人工湿地的生长特性及其对污水的净化效果

研究了两栖榕在潜流型人工湿地的生长特性及其对污水的净化效果。一年多的实验表明,生长在人工湿地的两栖榕具有发达的侧根和不定根,保持正常的净光合速率,蒸腾速率,根系活力生长速率。两栖榕人工湿地对TN,TP,CODCr和BOD5的去除率分别为54．2％、40．9％、72．4％和74．3％,与无植物系统相比较,去除率分别提高了17％、12％、10％和11％,此外,两栖榕人工湿地系统中,水力停留时间对去除率果有一定影响。     

4种不同生活型湿地植物对富营养化水体的净化效果

选择4种湿地植物菖蒲、香蒲、浮萍和金鱼藻,研究单一及组合湿地植物对高浓度污水(污水处理厂进水)、低浓度污水(污水处理厂出水)中营养物质的去除效果.结果表明: 水体中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、化学需氧量(COD)浓度呈现试验前期快速下降,后期缓慢下降的趋势,表明湿地植物能有效净化污水中的TN、TP、COD,但不同湿地植物及湿地植物组合的净化效果存在差异.多种湿地植物组合比单种湿地植物对TN的净化作用强,其中香蒲＋浮萍＋金鱼藻对TN的净化效果最佳;高浓度污水中,单种挺水植物对TP的净化效果较好,低浓度污水中,则是多种湿地植物组合对TP的去除率较高;高浓度污水中,湿地植物对COD的去除率为85.1%～96.0%,其中菖蒲、香蒲去除效果最佳,低浓度污水中,湿地植物对COD去除率为76.9%～94.8%,以菖蒲＋浮萍＋金鱼藻去除效果最好.总体看来,湿地植物对高浓度污水中TN、TP、COD的净化效果好于低浓度污水,两种水体的pH都得到改善.     

山西左云县采煤区人工湿地冬季沉积物细菌群落多样性

【背景】人工湿地处理煤炭矿井废水效果显著,而关于人工湿地沉积物的细菌群落结构和特征研究较少。【目的】阐明人工湿地净化采煤区废水的效应和细菌群落结构及特征。【方法】对山西省左云县采煤区人工湿地不同采样点水质进行监测,利用高通量测序技术对人工湿地沉积物中细菌16S rRNA基因V3-V4区进行测序,分析沉积物中细菌群落组成。【结果】采煤区废水流经人工湿地后水质得到有效改善,其中生化需氧量(Biochemical oxygen demand,BOD5)、化学需氧量(Chemical oxygen demand,CODCr)、总氮(Total nitrogen,TN)、总磷(Total phosphorus,TP)去除率分别达到76.2%、93.4%、73.4%和99.3%;测序共获得2 832个操作分类单元(Operational taxonomic units,OTUs),共753个属,分布于51个门的150个纲;4个采样点中优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria,50%-64.7%)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,15.8%-21.2%),变形菌门中优势菌纲为β-变形菌纲和γ-变形菌纲,其中M1、M2、M3中富含氨氮氧化细菌的β-变形菌纲和γ-变形菌纲丰度最高;M4沉积物细菌OTU最多,多样性最高;沉积物特有优势菌属Sulfurimonas、Sulfuricurvum的相对丰度与NH4+-N的含量显著负相关,Azoarcus菌属相对丰度与TN存在显著正相关,Novosphingobium菌属相对丰度与TP含量存在显著正相关。【结论】煤矿废水流经人工湿地可得到有效的净化,细菌多样性在人工湿地生态功能中起到了决定作用。     

垂直流人工湿地的设计及净化功能初探

阐述了垂直流人工湿地小试系统的设计,并测试其冬季污水净化效果,垂直流人工湿地由下地流和上行流方式的两池组成,对受污染地面水体中的CODCr,BOD5和TSS的去除率分别为53．6％,78．7％和80．2％,对细菌,总大肠菌,粪大肠菌和藻类的平均去除率分别达99．4％,85．9％,89．7％和97．7％,。对KN,HN4^ -N和TP的平均去除率分别为39．2％,16．5％和25．8％,各系统对污染物的去除作用无明显差异。系统出水NO3^-N浓度高于进水,而有植物系统中又高于无植物的对照,表明湿地植物的存在有利于硝化,表明下行流－上行流人工湿地在冬季仍能较好地改善水质,是一种有效的水处理技术,对水体水质改善和水生态系恢复具有重要意义。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV