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1.
兴安落叶松球果挥发性物质中主要为单萜类物质,1998年用几种主要的单萜类物质为气味源,利用四臂嗅觉仪对落叶松球果花蝇进行了嗅觉反应试验。结果表明,根据被害球果挥发性物质的自然比例配制的α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、月桂烯、罗勒烯等4种物质的混合液对球果花蝇表现为诱引作用,而球果花蝇对其它某些气味物质表现为忘避反应。挥发性物质的林间喷洒试验结果与嗅觉反应试验结果一致。讨论了单萜类物质在球果花蝇对寄主定位和产卵过程中的诱引或驱避作用。 相似文献
2.
油松球果小卷蛾成虫的产卵选择 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
油松球果小卷蛾Gravitarmata margarotana(Heinemann)是广泛分布的一种松属球果和枝梢害虫,在我国北方油松良种基地主要危害油松球果。用油松和华山松球果做产卵选择试验,以及2树种球果浸提液对产卵影响的结果表明,油松球果对产卵雌虫具有更强的引诱作用;不同油松球果类型的着卵量结果表明,红色球果类型的着卵量显著高于绿色球果类型,并且同一颜色球果,有刺类型的着卵量多于无刺类型。球果挥发成分结果表明,油松球果挥发成分有6个组分,而华山松球果挥发成分只有5个组分,与油松球果相比,无β-非兰烯组分;油松不同株系类型球果挥发成分只表现出含量上的差异。 相似文献
3.
远东地区影响针叶树天然更新的球果种实害虫——球果花蝇(双翅目:花蝇科) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
球果花蝇是远东地区的重要球果种实害虫。尤其是在我国东北地区,由于球果花蝇的危害已严重影响了落叶松种子产量,进而影响到落叶松的造林与更新。本文系统地总结了近些年危害落叶松、云杉、冷杉种实的球果花蝇的研究进展及存在的问题。文中还涵括了作者的一些原始研究数据和尚未发表的新结果。 相似文献
4.
球果花蝇是远东地区的重要球果种实害虫。尤其是在我国东北地区 ,由于球果花蝇的危害已严重影响了落叶松种子产量 ,进而影响到落叶松的造林与更新。本文系统地总结了近些年危害落叶松、云杉、冷杉种实的球果花蝇的研究进展及存在的问题。文中还涵括了作者的一些原始研究数据和尚未发表的新结果。 相似文献
5.
产卵期家蝇MuscadomesticaL .卵巢中的信息化学物质诱引家蝇产卵。行为试验表明 ,雌蝇产卵时优先选择被成熟卵巢污染过的发酵麦麸 ,诱集的产卵百分率依次为 :发酵麦麸 + 1对卵巢 >湿麦麸+ 1对卵巢 >发酵麦麸 >湿麦麸 ;卵巢提取物同样对产卵雌蝇有诱集活力。产卵雌蝇卵巢正己烷、二氯甲烷以及乙酸乙酯的提取物均能诱集雌蝇产卵 ,诱集的产卵百分率依次为 :雌蝇卵巢正己烷提取物 >乙酸乙酯提取物 >二氯甲烷提取物。推测家蝇卵巢中的信息化学物质可能含有家蝇产卵聚集信息素的组分。 相似文献
6.
7.
植物挥发性物质对落叶松球果花蝇的驱避效果 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
为研究外源植物挥发性物质对落叶松球果花蝇(Strobilomyia spp.)对寄主定位的干扰作用,在哈尔滨市和大兴安岭加格达奇兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)种子园,用松节油、樟脑、丁香油进行了室内生测和林间喷施试验。在室内,球果花蝇对1%松节油的反应率为94.23%,与1%丁香油、3%松节油、20%丁香油相比差异显著;对1%樟脑的反应率为87.92%。球果花蝇对2%丁香油的反应率最低,仅为16.30%。在室内及林间,1%松节油及1%樟脑对球果花蝇都表现为驱避作用。1%松节油及其对照对球果花蝇的驱避效果最好,平均每果虫数较清水对照的3.51分别降低了2.85和2.66,使球果被害率降低了57.0%和46.2%,种子被害率分别降低了24.7%和27.7%。其次是1%脑及其对照,每果虫数较清水对照降低了1.83和1.44个,球果被害率分别降低了9.0%和30.7%,种子被害率分别下降了12.2%和26.9%。1%丁香油对花蝇在室内表现为诱引作用,在林间表现为驱避作用。在喷施3种挥发性物质及其对照后,各个处理的球果挥发性物质主要组分的总量都较清水对照增加,各处理的α-蒎烯相对含量较清水对照大幅度降低,降低幅度在13.56%-24.83%之间;各处理的β-罗勒烯都有不同程度的增加。β-蒎烯、3-蒈烯、月桂烯、水芹烯的相对含量在各处理中升降不一。 相似文献
8.
西花蓟马和花蓟马聚集信息素田间引诱试验及其在种间互作中的作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《昆虫学报》2017,(12)
【目的】西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis和花蓟马F.intonsa雄成虫均可以释放聚集信息素,且对雌雄虫均具有吸引作用。两种蓟马聚集信息素的主要成分相同,为(R)-lavandulyl acetate和neryl(S)-2-methylbutanoate,但两种主要成分的比例差异很大。本研究旨在明确这两种蓟马聚集信息素组分的田间最佳引诱剂量和比例及其在两种蓟马种间互作中的作用。【方法】通过田间色板引诱试验,分别测定了上述两种蓟马聚集信息素组分对两种蓟马雌虫的田间最佳引诱剂量和比例;通过养虫笼选择性试验分析了这两种聚集信息素最佳配比在两种蓟马种间互作中的作用。【结果】田间色板引诱试验结果显示,当neryl(S)-2-methylbutanoate的剂量为10 000 ng,(R)-lavandulyl acetate和neryl(S)-2-methylbutanoate的比例为1∶8时,对西花蓟马成虫的引诱效果最佳;当neryl(S)-2-methylbutanoate的剂量为5 000 ng,(R)-lavandulyl acetate和neryl(S)-2-methylbutanoate的比例为1∶4时,对花蓟马成虫的引诱效果最佳。选择性试验结果表明,分别针对西花蓟马和花蓟马的聚集信息素组分最佳配比对同种具有吸引作用,对异种不具有吸引作用,说明这两个近缘种的聚集信息素具有种间特异性。【结论】两种蓟马通过聚集信息素组分比例调节的种间特异性可能是两种蓟马种群分化的重要机制;聚集信息素种间特异性是降低两种蓟马种间竞争的重要因素。本研究为深入理解两种蓟马信息素特异性的生理和分子机制提供理论指导,同时对利用聚集信息素进行蓟马种群监测和害虫防控具有指导意义。 相似文献
9.
【目的】本文研究目的是验证酪蝇Piophila casei雌虫卵巢是否存在性信息素,并为酪蝇性信息素研究提供科学依据。【方法】测定了酪蝇雄虫对不同剂量的雌虫卵巢提取物的行为选择反应和触角电位反应,还利用模拟仓储实验测定了不同剂量的雌虫卵巢提取物对酪蝇雄虫的诱捕效果。【结果】当酪蝇雌虫卵巢提取物的剂量分别为0.5、1、1.5、2、2.5头当量时,雄虫对0.5、1、1.5头当量的雌虫卵巢提取物有选择反应,雄虫对这5个剂量的雌虫卵巢提取物均具有触角电位反应。酪蝇雌虫卵巢提取物对雄虫诱捕效果的模拟仓储实验结果显示:当酪蝇卵巢提取物的剂量分别为2、4、6、8、10头当量时,在非选择性实验中各当量的雌虫卵巢提取物对雄虫均有引诱效果,在选择性实验中雌虫卵巢提取物的剂量为2头当量时,对雄虫的引诱效果最好。【结论】酪蝇雌虫卵巢提取物对雄虫有显著的引诱效果,表明酪蝇雌虫卵巢中存在吸引雄虫的化学成分,即酪蝇的性信息素。 相似文献
10.
蚊虫搜寻吸血寄主和产卵行为的调节因子及相关嗅觉机理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
嗅觉在蚊虫的吸血寄主搜寻、产卵和糖源搜寻行为中起决定作用,而在交配行为中的作用并不清楚。本文系统全面地综述了近20年来蚊虫化学生态学和嗅觉识别的分子机理的研究。蚊虫的触角、下颚须和口喙上的嗅觉感器感觉环境中释放的各种挥发性化合物。气味分子与嗅觉气味结合蛋白和气味受体的结合所启动的一系列生化反应产生神经动作电位。蚊虫嗅觉神经元编码气味中化合物的组成、浓度及其暂时瞬间的浓度变化和空间分布。吸血前后神经元的活性在数量和质量上有变化,反映了蚊虫在搜寻吸血寄主和产卵行为上的调节。在吸血寄主搜寻中,人体和动物释放的二氧化碳、乳酸以及其他气味协同引诱蚊虫向目标气味源定向飞行,最后找到吸血寄主。而成熟产卵雌蚊是利用产卵场所释放的腐烂气味寻找适宜的产卵场所,一些蚊虫卵、幼虫或蛹分泌的产卵信息素引诱和刺激雌蚊产卵,并与产卵生境气味起协同作用。植物气味尤其是花香味引诱蚊虫找到蜜源。驱避剂也是直接或间接通过嗅觉起作用,一些驱蚊剂由于阻断嗅觉反应而抑制蚊虫的定向飞行。从植物、动物或人体以及产卵场所释放的气味中有望找到有效的引诱和驱避化合物。对蚊虫嗅觉识别机理的认识将使我们开发出有效的蚊虫诱捕技术,进而应用于种群监测和控制。 相似文献
11.
【目的】探讨入侵杂草薇甘菊Mikania micrantha对棕榈害虫红脉穗螟Tirathaba rufivena的产卵忌避活性。【方法】采用室内生物测定法,研究薇甘菊不同溶剂提取物对红脉穗螟的产卵忌避作用和杀卵活性。【结果】产卵忌避试验结果表明,薇甘菊各提取物中,以正己烷和三氯甲烷提取物对红脉穗螟的产卵忌避效果最好,两者的选择性忌避率分别为43.64%和44.20%,非选择性忌避率分别为51.60%和59.20%。对卵孵化率的影响显示,各溶剂提取物均对红脉穗螟具有一定的杀卵活性,其中三氯甲烷提取物对卵孵化率的影响最大,校正孵化率最低,仅为53.39%,而且三氯甲烷提取物引起的1龄幼虫的死亡率最高,可达42.64%。在薇甘菊三氯甲烷提取物的不同溶剂萃取物中,正丁醇萃取物对红脉穗螟的产卵忌避和杀卵活性均显著高于其他溶剂萃取物。【结论】薇甘菊提取物具有一定的产卵忌避和杀卵活性,具有用于红脉穗螟的生态防控的潜力。 相似文献
12.
Bandyopadhyay P Guha L Seenivasagan T Sathe M Sharma P Parashar BD Kaushik MP 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2011,21(2):794-797
A novel series of aryl hydrazono esters (AHE) (1-13) were synthesized (yield 76-98%) to study the oviposition responses in Aedes albopictus (Skuse) mosquitoes for the first time. At a concentration of 10 μg ml−1 in dual choice experiment, among the screened compounds, AHE-12 showed remarkable oviposition attractant activity with an oviposition activity index (OAI) of +0.299 (greater than 95% confidence limit) comparable to p-cresol (OAI +0.320) which is well-reported oviposition attractant for Aedes aegypti. Conversely, AHE-10 exhibited highest oviposition deterrent activity with OAI −0.247. The possible utilization of these compounds will be in integrated vector management strategies. 相似文献
13.
为探讨飞机草提取物对红脉穗螟Tirathaba rufivena Walker的防控潜力,采用室内生物测定法,研究了飞机草提取物对红脉穗螟的产卵忌避作用和杀卵活性。结果表明,飞机草乙酸乙酯提取物对红脉穗螟的忌避效果最好,选择性和非选择性忌避率分别为41.85%和46.84%;不同提取物处理红脉穗螟的卵后,均造成卵孵化率降低和初孵幼虫的死亡,其中乙酸乙酯提取物对红脉穗螟卵的影响最大,孵化率和1龄幼虫死亡率分别达到65.89%和40.37%。对飞机草乙酸乙酯提取物进行分级萃取测试各萃取物的活性发现,正己烷萃取物对红脉穗螟的产卵忌避作用和杀卵活性最强。田间试验表明,采用正己烷萃取物稀释50倍和100倍浓度进行田间喷雾,药后15 d对红脉穗螟的种群控制率可达到50%以上。 相似文献
14.
A methanol-soluble oviposition deterrent has been discovered in the frass of fifth-instar larvae of Ostrinia nubilalis, the European corn borer. Bioassays established a significant linear relationship between reduction in oviposition and concentration of extract applied on the oviposition substratum. Activity of the deterrent under laboratory conditions lasts for at least 72 hr when exposed to air, indicating a low volatility. 相似文献
15.
Oviposition is an important phenomenon of mosquitoes and has recently become the focus in the concept of integrated vector control management. In the present study, we evaluated oviposition deterrent, ovicidal and mortality effects of ethanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata Nees against gravid and oviposited females of Anopheles stephensi Liston. Water treated with the ethanolic extract had a high deterrent activity in ovipositing females: oviposition activity index values for the test species were –0.28, –0.45, –0.49 and –0.59 for extract concentrations of 29, 35, 41 and 46 p.p.m., respectively. High degrees of mortality were observed with various concentrations of extract: 1.12 (control) to 11.70 for gravid females, and 0.65 (control) to 10.25 for oviposited females. The highest mortality in both gravid and oviposited females was observed soon after they came in contact with oviposition medium treated with the extract, and this was found to be significant at doses higher than 35 p.p.m., suggesting possible contact toxicity of the extract. The extract caused moderate ovicidal activity against various age groups of A. stephensi, but it inflicted delayed effects such as high larval, pupal and adult mortality. The age of the eggs and the duration of the extract treatment influenced the ovicidal activity observed. It is clear that ethanolic extract of A. paniculata Nees can affect the oviposition cycle of A. stephensi Liston, thereby suppressing the vector population and adversely influencing transmission of the disease pathogen. 相似文献
16.
Yasmin Akhtar Ikkei Shikano & Murray B. Isman 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2009,132(3):275-282
We have previously determined that larval feeding experience with a feeding/oviposition deterrent modified the feeding responses of larvae and oviposition responses of subsequent moths. These behavioural changes were attributed to learning, but the possibility of chemical legacy could not be ruled out. In the present study, we have topically applied a feeding/oviposition deterrent plant extract from Hoodia gordonii (Masson) Sweet ex Decne (Asclepiadaceae) to larvae, pupae, and adults of Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to determine whether the feeding response of larvae and oviposition response of subsequent female moths is similarly modified by chemicals applied to the external surface of the insect. Our results indicate that traces of the extract that may be present internally or externally on the larvae do not reduce the feeding deterrent response of larvae. Furthermore, traces of the extract in or on larvae, pupae, or adult moths did not alter oviposition choice of female moths, leading us to discount the role of experience through topical application in this study. The fact that feeding/oviposition choice was only influenced by prior feeding experience of the larvae and not by topical administration suggests that habituation via sensory stimulation through mouthpart chemosensilla is likely a central phenomenon. Continuous exposure of adult moths to the extract over a period of 7 days did not affect the oviposition response of the female moths, ruling out the role of adult experience on host-plant selection in T. ni . To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the role of experience via topical application of chemicals onto all life stages of the insect except the egg. Chemical legacy may not be playing a role in influencing the oviposition choices of female T. ni moths. 相似文献
17.
Coria C Almiron W Valladares G Carpinella C Ludueña F Defago M Palacios S 《Bioresource technology》2008,99(8):3066-3070
Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae), the main urban vector of dengue, has developed resistance to various insecticides, making its control increasingly difficult. We explored the effects of Argentine Melia azedarach L. (Meliaceae) fruit and senescent leaf extracts on Ae. aegypti larval development and survival, by rearing cohorts of first instar mosquitoes in water with different extract concentrations. We also analysed oviposition deterrent activity in choice tests with extract-treated ovitraps. The leaf extract showed a strong larvicide activity, with all larvae dying before pupation, and significantly delayed development time. It strongly inhibited oviposition by Ae. aegypti females. The fruit extract showed much weaker effects. This first report of highly effective larvicidal, growth regulating and oviposition deterrent activity of a senescent leaf extract of M. azedarach against Ae. aegypti, suggests that such extract could represent a promising tool in the management of this mosquito pest. 相似文献
18.
番茄抽提物对小菜蛾的忌避,拒食及抑制产卵作用 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11
在自然变温条件下,研究了番茄抽提物对小菜蛾成虫的忌避、幼虫的拒食作用及成虫繁殖力的影响。试验表明:番茄抽提物对小菜蛾成虫具有很强的忌避作用;用番茄抽提物处理过的包菜叶饲喂小菜蛾幼虫,其拒食率达53%;番茄提物对小菜蛾成虫产卵也有明显抑制作用,产卵量下降60%;番茄与包菜间种能明显地抑制小菜蛾种群数量的增长。其种群可下降50%以上。 相似文献
19.
After oviposition, females of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann deposit a host-marking pheromone on the fruit surface that deters oviposition by conspecifics. Methanolic extracts of fruit fly faeces elicit a similar deterrent effect. The results of laboratory and field experiments using raw methanolic extracts of C. capitata faeces as an oviposition deterrent are reported. Laboratory bioassays revealed a significant positive relationship between concentration of faeces and the inhibition of oviposition responses by C. capitata. Treatment of halves of coffee bushes with methanolic extracts containing 0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg faeces ml(-1) resulted in a significant reduction of infestation only at the highest concentration (P=0.03). Treatment of blocks of coffee bushes with an extract of 10 mg faeces ml(-1) resulted in an 84% reduction in infestation by C. capitata in sprayed plants and a 56% reduction in adjacent untreated coffee bushes surrounding treated plots, probably due to the deterrent effect of host-marking pheromone on fly oviposition. We conclude that faeces contain oviposition deterrent substances that effectively reduce fruit infestations by C. capitata, suggesting a clear potential for the use of this infochemical in integrated management programmes targeted at this pest. 相似文献
20.
An endophytic actinomycete strain Fq24 was isolated from healthy tomato plants. The acaricidal substances in the metabolites from Fq24 were collected and identified by the methods of extraction, column chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and their bioactivities against Tetranychus cinnabarinus were measured with slide-dip and leaf-residue methods. Among the extracts, petroleum ether extract had high bioactivity in contact toxicity and oviposition deterrent against T. cinnabarinus. Its lethal concentration of 50% (LC50) was 52.57 mg x L(-1), and its oviposition deterrent concentration of 50% (ODC50) was 43.18 mg x L(-1). The identification with GC-MS showed that the main chemical component of fraction S11 was methyl hexadecanoate, whose molecular formula was C17H34O2, being one of the substances with acaricidal activity in the metabolites from Fq24. The 24 h corrected mortality rate of female mite at 5 mg x mL(-1) of methyl hexadecanoate was 78.3%, and the oviposition deterrent rate was 81.6%. 相似文献