DNA条形码在保护生物地理学中的应用

<正>生物多样性保护的需求迫在眉睫(Pimm et al.,1995;Balmford et al.,2003;Jenkins,2003)。在可利用资源有限的情况下,人们广泛关注的是如何以最小代价实现生物多样性的最佳保护,而最有效和普遍的做法就是保护生物多样性热点地区(WilsonFrancis,1988;Balmford,1998;Reid,1998;Myers et al.,2000)。保护生物地理学正是在这一背景下应运而生的,作为一门新兴的分支学科,它最早由     

2012年中国生物多样性研究进展简要回顾

中国的生物多样性研究在2012年取得了明显进展,在国际上的影响力不断提高.在生物多样性科学及相关领域比较好的国际刊物上发表的学术论文数量明显增加,质量也在提高(http://www.biodiversity-science.net/fileup/PDF/w2013-024-1.pdf).魏辅文研究组利用全基因组和深度测序的数据对旗舰种大熊猫的演化历史的解析(Zhao et al.,2012)、方精云及其团队在Ecography出版关于中国山地植物多样性格局的专辑、陈之端研究组命名的节蒴术科(Borthwickiaceae)被APG系统接受(Su et al.,2012)、何芳良提出根据分布面积的变化来评估物种灭绝风险的方法(He,2012)、邓建明等对植物自疏过程中密度与个体大小尺度关系的定最刻画(Deng et al.,2012a,b),以及余世孝等(Liu et al.,2012)和米湘成等(Mi et al.,2012)对群落谱系学方法的应用具有代表性.限于篇幅,本文仅从5个方面予以简单介绍.     

Genome-Wide Analysis and Expression Patterns of the YUCCA Genes in Maize

<正>Auxin plays important roles in various aspects of plant growth and development(Zhao,2010).In Arabidopsis,a number of YUCCA(YUC)genes,which are involved in auxin biosynthesis,have been identified(Zhao et al.,2001;Woodward et al.,2005;Cheng et al.,2006,2007;Kim et al.,2007;Chen et al.,2014).YUC genes encode flavin monooxygenases(FMOs)that convert indole-3-pyruvate(IPA)to indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)(Zhao,2012).The Arabidopsis YUC family is comprised of 11 members(Zhao et al.,2001;     

青城山森林公园兽类和鸟类资源初步调查: 基于红外相机数据

<正>陆生脊椎动物是生物多样性保护和管理评价的重要指示类群(Morrison et al.,2007;Liu et al.,2013)。全球多数生态系统中,许多大中型脊椎动物的种群数量在急剧下降,不少物种甚至遭遇灭顶之灾。而人类活动影响(如猎杀、森林砍伐、外来物种侵入、栖息地破坏和片断化等)是引起这些野生动物种群和群落变化的直接或间接原因(Morrison et al.,2007)。同时,野生动物种群和群落变化对生态系统其他物种也产生了严重的生态后果,如食果动物的     

海南、贵州和四川三省翼手类新纪录——褐扁颅蝠

上世纪90年代之后国内对翼手目动物的调查和研究取得较为突出的成就,发现3种蝙蝠新种(Zhang et al., 2007; Feng et al., 2008; Wu et al., 2008),5种中国新纪录(何晓瑞和杨白仑,1991;赵辉华等,2002; 吴毅等,2004;张礼标等,2004,2005;张劲硕等,2005;冯庆等,2006),以及10种省级新纪录(胡锦矗和吴毅,1993;吴毅和李操1997;吴毅等,1999;吴毅等,2001;刘颖等,2005;罗键和高红英,2006;江廷磊等,2007).     

A new record of the capped langur (Trachypithecus pileatus) in China

DEAR EDITOR, The distribution of the capped langur (Trachypithecus pileatus)in China has become controversial since Shortridge's langur (Trachypithecus shortridgei) was upgraded to a full species.The capped langur is considered to be distributed in northeast India,Bangladesh,Bhutan,and northwest Myanmar only (Brandon-Jones et al.,2004;Choudhury,2008,2014;Das et al.,2008;Groves,2001).In our field survey,however,we obtained photos of the capped langur,demonstrating its existence in China. Following the species promotion of Shortridge's langur (Brandon-Jones et al.,2004;Groves,2001) and the delimiting of its distribution range to northwestern Yunnan in China and northeastern Myanmar (Brandon-Jones et al.,2004;Cui et al.,2016;Das et al.,2008;Groves,2001;Htun et al.,2008),with a new record in southeastern Tibet (Wu et al.,2016),the capped langur has been deleted from the checklist of mammals in China (Jiang et al.,2015).Despite this,Dr.George Schaller has suggested that capped langurs might exist in the northeastern section of the Yarlung-Zangbo River (Choudhury,2008).     

神农架川金丝猴粪便和尿液中类固醇激素的检测

灵长类动物类固醇激素的研究已经在很多物种间展开(Cariso et al.,1999;Lutz et al.,2000;He et al.,2001;Yan and Jiang,2006;Brandon et al.,2008;Lu et al.,2010;Kim et al.,2012)。特别是对于没有明显发情特征的灵长类动物,类固醇激素的变化可以为它们的繁殖状态提供更多可靠的评估(Fujita et al.,2001)。自然状态下野生动     

湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区哺乳动物多样性的时空格局

正对生物多样性的定量分析,是生态学、生物地理学和保护生物学的中心议题之一(Purvis and Hector,2000; Brooks et al.,2006; Pavoine and Bonsall,2011)。自然保护地(protected area)不仅是地球生物多样性的"诺亚方舟",更应该是探索人与自然和谐共存方式、维持地球可持续发展的示范地(Higgins et al.,2004)。     

中国典型脆弱生态修复与保护研究:珍稀动物濒危机制及保护技术

正物种保护是生物多样性保护的核心问题。野生动物资源是地球生物多样性的重要组成部分,不仅在维护整个生态系统的稳定及其生态服务方面具有重要功能,更是生态系统健康发展的标志(Hoffmann et al.,2010;Scheffers et al.,2012;魏辅文等,2014)。然而,由于全球人口爆炸性增长、环境变化和过度利用,当前物种灭绝的速率比历史背景灭绝率高100-     

In vivo tunable CRISPR mediates efficient somatic mutagenesis to generate tumor models

Dear Editor, CRISPR/Cas9 has revolutionized genome editing technology due to its simplicity and robustness (Mali et al., 2013). Several inducible CRISPR/Cas9 systems recently developed make spatiotemporal genome editing possible (Kon ermann et al., 2013;Balboa et al., 2015;Dow et al., 2015;Zetsche et al., 2015;Liu et al., 2016;Kleinjan et al., 2017;Maji et al.. 2017;Senturk et al., 2017;Lu et al., 2018).     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.