一期后外侧入路病灶清除植骨融合治疗老年胸椎结核

目的:探讨一期后外侧入路病灶清除植骨融合治疗老年胸椎结核的效果,为临床治疗提供依据.方法:选择2009年1月～2010年12月我院确诊的老年胸椎结核患者38例,根据手术方法不同,一期后外侧入路病灶清除植骨融合治疗老年胸椎结核为观察组;一期前路病灶清除植骨融合治疗老年胸椎结核为对照组,比较两组的治疗效果.结果:治愈率为94.74％.观察组手术时间(t=5.003,P＜0.05)、术中出血量(t=3.908,P＜0.05)及住院时间(t=4.331,P＜0.05)与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义.观察组术前Cobb's角与对照组比较,t=1.235,P＞0.05,两组合差异无统计学意义.观察组术后Cobb's角与对照组比较,t=1.993,P＜0.05,两组术后Cobb's角差异无统计学意义.末次随访观察组Cobb's角与对照组比较,t=3.001,P＜0.05,两组合差异有统计学意义.结论:采用一期后外侧入路病灶清除植骨融合治疗老年胸椎结核创伤小,减少出血量,减低住院时间,且效果良好,能提高术后患者的生活质量.     

前路与后路病灶切除植骨内固定对脊柱结核患者的临床疗效比较

目的:比较前路与后路病灶切除植骨内固定治疗脊柱结核的临床效果。方法:选取我院2014年2月到2015年8月收治的脊柱结核患者82例并采用随机数字法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组各41例。两组患者术前均接受常规抗结核治疗,同时行病灶清除植骨内固定术治疗,其中对照组患者行前路内固定术,观察组患者行后路内固定术。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、腰背疼痛缓解时间、下床行走时间及住院时间。术后随访6个月,比较两组患者手术前后的Frankel分级和Th17细胞相关因子水平。结果:观察组的腰背疼痛缓解时间、下床行走时间及住院时间均明显低于对照组(P0.01);手术后,观察组的Frankel分级为A级和B级的比例均明显高于对照组(P0.05),血清白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、白细胞介素-17(IL-17)、白细胞介素-23(IL-23)及转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)水平均明显低于对照组(P0.01)。结论:前路病灶切除联合后路植骨内固定术能有效促进脊柱结核患者术后的康复,降低脊柱损伤程度,并能减轻机体炎症反应,促进免疫功能恢复。     

一期后路半椎体切除短节段内固定与一期前路半椎体切除短节段内固定治疗先天性半椎体畸形的疗效对比

目的：对比一期后路半椎体切除短节段植骨融合内固定术与一期前路半椎体切除短节段植骨融合内固定术治疗先天性半椎体畸形的疗效。方法：抽取兰州军区兰州总医院骨科中心脊柱外科46例住院手术治疗先天性半椎体畸形的患者,随机化分为2组,每组23例,分别行一期后路半椎体切除短节段植骨融合内固定术和一期前路半椎体切除短节段植骨融合内固定术,观察比较两纽的手术时间、出血量、术后住院时间、术前和术后6个月侧凸cobb角、后凸cobb角及矫正率。结果：两组间的手术时间、出血量、术后住院时间、术后6个月后凸cobb角及后凸矫正率对比差异有统计学意义。结论：一期后路半椎体切除短节段植骨融合内固定术在后凸畸形矫正方面优于一期前路半椎体切除短节段植骨融合内固定术,且其手术创伤较小、术后恢复较快。     

一期经后路固定联合侧前方入路病灶清除植骨融合术治疗老年下腰椎结核临床效果观察

目的：探究一期经后路固定联合侧前方入路病灶清除植骨融合术治疗老年下腰椎结核临床效果。方法：回顾性分析我院2007年1月-2010年12月收治下腰椎结核老年患者共84例,分别设立实验组和对照组。实验组42例采用后路固定联合侧前方入路病灶清除植骨融合术治疗老年下腰椎结核,对照组42例采用前路病灶清除。分别对两组一期治疗后临床效果进行观察,对患者术后腰椎局部前凸角、Oswestry障碍指数（ODI）及脊髓损伤神经功能分级标准（ASIA）分级进行客观评定。结果：实验组一期经后路固定联合侧前方入路病灶清除植骨融合术治疗老年下腰椎结核,术后腰椎局部前凸角为（8．22±1．67）°,明显优于对照组患者术后腰椎局部前凸角为（5．02±1．93）°,（P〉0．05）;实验组患者术后ODI为（21．25±3．75）％,对照组ODI为（35．72±4．15）％,实验组疗效优于对照组（P〈0．05）;实验组患者术后ASIA分级全部转化为E级。而对照组仍有7人为D级。结论：一期经后路固定联合侧前方入路病灶清除植骨融合术治疗老年下腰椎结核具有显著的临床效果,应进一步临床推广。     

一期前路病灶清除植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎结核

目的探讨前路一期病灶清除、植骨、前路内固定手术治疗胸腰椎结核的疗效。方法 2010~2013年我院对42例胸腰椎结核患者进行一期病灶清除植骨前路内固定,病变节段:T5~T108例,T11~L129例,L2~L45例。其中病变累及1个椎体29例,累及2个椎体10例,跳跃型和累及3个椎体3例。累及1个椎体者应用Z-PlateⅡ钛板内固定,累及2个椎体或上胸椎结核者则选用钉-棒系统(CDH M8)固定。术后抗结核治疗不少于9个月。结果 42例患者均得到随访,随访时间6个月~4年,平均2.6年。手术切口均1期愈合,术后全身症状及局部疼痛消失,神经症状有不同程度恢复,所有病灶愈合,其中39例患者植骨融合,内固定牢固;3例患者因过早进行重体力劳动导致螺钉松动,植骨块塌陷,再次出现后凸畸形,经再次手术后治愈。结论一期病灶清除植骨内固定手术结合规范药物抗痨治疗胸腰椎结核的临床疗效显著、可靠。     

两种植骨方式在胸腰椎结核手术中的应用

目的:比较不同植骨方式治疗胸腰椎结核的手术效果,探讨颗粒自体骨与块状自体骨两种植骨方式在治疗胸腰椎结核的临床疗效。方法:2008年1月至2010年12月期间在我院手术治疗的胸腰椎结核患者132例,其中采用块状自体骨进行骨移植的患者60例,采用颗粒状自体骨进行骨移植的患者72例,随机从两种植骨方式中各抽取20例患者进行回顾性分析,对两组患者术中出血量、住院时间、术后神经功能改善情况、植骨融合情况、后凸畸形矫正状况进行对比。结果:所有患者均一期愈合,无全身并发症,两组患者随访12~36个月,平均18个月,影像学提示内固定位置良好,无松动及断裂,结核病灶无复发。块状骨组术后6个月随访植骨融合率15%(3/20)术后9个月融合率45%(9/20),术后12个月融合率95%(19/20)。颗粒骨组术后6个月随访植骨融合率45%(9/20)术后9个月融合率80%(16/20),术后12个月融合率100%。块状骨组术前Cobb角为29.8°±5.0°,术后Cobb角为14.7°±2.5°,末次随访Cobb角为16.0°±2.9°。颗粒骨组术前Cobb角为30.9±7.6°,术后Cobb角为15.6°±3.8°,末次随访Cobb角为16.7°±3.8°,两组病人术后cobb角较术前有明显矫正,末次随访无明显丢失,两组比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。颗粒骨组术中出血量明显少于块状骨组,两组比较有统计学意义(P0.05)。住院时间两组比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:颗粒状自体骨与块状自体骨相比在胸腰椎结核手术中植入方便,出血量少,植骨融合时间短,融合率高,是胸腰椎结核植骨的理想选择。     

Bryan颈椎间盘假体置换术对脊髓型颈椎病患者疗效及颈椎生物力学的影响

目的:探讨Bryan颈椎间盘假体置换术对脊髓型颈椎病患者疗效及颈椎生物力学的影响。方法:选取2015年1月到2016年12月期间在我院接受治疗的脊髓型颈椎病患者48例,根据手术方式的不同将其分为植骨融合组(25例)和假体置换组(23例),其中植骨融合组采用颈椎前路减压植骨融合术进行治疗,假体置换组采用Bryan颈椎间盘假体置换术进行治疗。比较两组患者的日本骨科协会(JOA)颈椎评分、颈椎功能障碍指数(NDI)评分、视觉模拟疼痛量表(VAS)评分、颈椎生理曲度、颈椎活动度、手术节段活动度、上邻近节段活动度、下邻近节段活动度,并比较两组患者的并发症情况。结果:术后12个月假体置换组的NDI评分明显低于植骨融合组(P0.05);术后6个月、术后12个月植骨融合组的颈椎活动度低于假体置换组(P0.05);术后1个月、术后3个月、术后6个月、术后12个月假体置换组的手术节段活动度高于植骨融合组(P0.05);术后12个月植骨融合组的上邻近节段活动度、下邻近节段活动度高于假体置换组(P0.05);两组患者随访期间颈部轴性症状发生率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与颈椎前路减压植骨融合术比较,Bryan颈椎间盘假体置换术对脊髓型颈椎病患者的远期疗效更佳,可更好的改善患者的颈椎生物力学,降低颈部轴性症状发生率,值得临床推广应用。     

27例外科治疗脊柱结核病例的长期随访与分析

目的:通过长期随访27例外科治疗脊柱结核病例,探讨外科方法对于脊柱结核的治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析本单位近10年来收治的采用病灶清除植骨内固定术治疗的27例脊柱结核病例,通过分析平均44个月的随访结果,评价外科手术和药物干预的治疗效果。结果:本组所有患者早期随访结果显示:伤口一期愈合,内固定稳定,脊髓压迫症状缓解或消失。长期随访结果显示:能够贯彻全程化疗方案的病例,植骨完全融合,脊髓症状无反复,结核病灶无复发;未能完成化疗方案的4例患者在切口部位出现窦道,并在植骨床周围形成死骨,感染复发。4例复发患者经全身使用抗结核药物和二次手术翻修,在完成12月术后化疗后治愈。结论:对于脊柱结核必需坚持外科手术与术后全程化疗并重的的治疗方法。     

经后路一期病灶清除、自体植骨融合、内固定治疗胸腰椎结核疗效观察

目的:研究经后路一期病灶清除、自体植骨融合、内固定治疗胸腰椎结核的疗效.方法:选择胸腰椎结核的患者作为研究对象,随机分为给予自体植骨融合的观察组和椎间融合器植骨融合的对照组,观察手术相关指标、椎体功能相关指标、活动状态和生活质量.结果:观察组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后卧床时间、Cobb角均明显少于对照组;治疗后椎间隙高度、椎体融合率、KPS评分和生活质量优良率明显高于对照组.结论:经后路一期病灶清除、自体植骨融合、内固定治疗能够改善治疗效果、提高生活质量,具有积极的临床价值.     

前路及后路手术治疗高龄胸椎结核的临床疗效比较

目的:观察和比较前路及后路手术治疗高龄胸椎结核的临床疗效及其安全性.方法:选择2000年1月～2012年1月我科收治的51例高龄胸椎结核手术患者,其中18例行胸椎前路(A组),33例行胸椎后路(B组)手术治疗.观察和比较两组患者的手术时间、切口长度、出血量、COBB角度改善率、平均住院时间、并发症的发生率和术后生活质量的改善情况.结果:51例患者随访6～70个月,平均58±3个月,全部患者植骨融合,神经功能(Frankel分级)均恢复1～2级.两组患者的手术时间、切口长度、出血量无明显差异(P＞0.05).A组患者的平均住院时间为21.5± 4.9天,较B组患者(13± 3.5天)显著延长(P＜0.05);A组发生肺部感染5例,胸膜破裂并血气胸4例,泌尿系感染1例,伤口延迟愈合4例,而B组发生肺部感染例4例,伤口延迟愈合8例;A组肺部及胸腔并发症的发生率(27.8％、22.2％)较B组(12.1％、0)显著升高(P＜0.05).A组脊柱矫形效果(矫正率21.6％)显著低于B组(47.2％)(P＜0.05).A组生活质量改善20分,B组改善31分.结论:前路及后路手术治疗高龄(年龄＞70岁)老年胸椎结核均能取得良好治疗效果;与胸椎前路手术相比,胸椎后路手术可以更加有效地减少并发症,缩短住院时间,改善术后生活质量.     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in chicken tissues in hyperthyreosis in ontogenesis

The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration.     

Scurvy in capybaras bred in captivity in Argentine

In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.