阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与心血管相关受体的研究进展

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征是一种涉及呼吸科、耳鼻喉科、口腔科、神经科、心血管科、血液内科等多学科的疾病.在心血管疾病方面,阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征主要与高血压、冠心病、心力衰竭、心律失常等疾病的关系密切;在内分泌系统疾病方面,阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与肥胖、糖尿病、甲状腺系统疾病等的相互联系.阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与各疾病相互作用机制十分复杂,目前阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与心血管疾病关系密切,已成为研究热点.阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征是心血管疾病独立的危险因素,正确认识两者的关系对于今后防御和治疗心血管疾病有重大意义.这里主要关于阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与心血管相关受体的相互关系进行综述.     

肠道菌群与心血管疾病关系研究进展

近年来,越来越多的研究表明肠道菌群在心血管疾病、2型糖尿病、肥胖等疾病的发病过程中起着主要作用,肠道菌群组成改变以及肠道菌群代谢物水平改变是导致疾病发生发展的重要因素,人们对肠道菌群与宿主之间的相互作用产生极大兴趣。本文系统总结了肠道菌群组成结构改变及肠道菌群代谢物改变与动脉粥样硬化、高血压、心肌梗死、心力衰竭等心血管疾病的相关性,阐明了肠道菌群可能是促进心血管疾病发病的原因之一。因此,通过改变饮食结构和使用抗生素、益生菌制剂及肠道菌群代谢物氧化三甲胺(TMAO)小分子抑制剂,来调控肠道菌群组成及代谢物水平有望作为心血管疾病治疗的新靶点。     

氢气与肠道菌群的关系研究进展

目前,氢气已被证实在多种疾病中具有显著的医学效应,然而其发挥效应的分子机制并不清楚。肠道菌群被人们看作人体的一个重要“器官”,与人类健康的关系密不可分。研究表明,人类肠道菌群中存在着大量能够进行氢气代谢的菌群,这些菌群的变化可能与多种疾病的发生发展密切相关。此外,研究还发现外源氢气干预可能通过重塑肠道菌群改善炎症性肠病、脂肪性肝病等。综述了肠道菌群的氢气代谢及其与疾病发生发展的关系以及外源氢气干预通过调节肠道菌群影响疾病进展的相关研究,希望能为致力于从肠道菌群角度研究氢气医学效应的科研工作者提供帮助。     

肠道菌群调节与缺血性脑卒中的中西医治疗研究进展CSCD

肠道菌群与大脑之间通过肠道菌群-肠-脑轴进行双向调节。研究表明,肠道菌群与缺血性脑卒中(ischemic stroke,IS)密切相关,肠道菌群失调通过影响血压、动脉粥样硬化、免疫、神经内分泌和炎症等途径干预IS的发生发展。IS发生后的自主神经功能紊乱和应激反应等又会导致肠道菌群失调,进一步加重脑损伤。因此,肠道菌群可能是临床预防和治疗IS的一个潜在靶点。本文综述了基于肠道菌群调节的中西医结合治疗IS的研究进展,对益生菌、粪菌移植、抗生素及中药在调节肠道菌群,改善IS脑损伤的作用及潜在机制方面进行深入探讨,以期为IS的药物干预研究提供新的视角。     

益生菌的治疗现状与前景以及 对呼吸道有益菌探索的研究进展

益生菌是调节机体微生态失衡的有效途径。肝功能异常影响肠道微生物,慢性肝衰竭、2型糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化相关心血管疾病等与肠道微生态失衡密切相关。同时肠道菌群亦受环境、遗传等复合条件影响,改变菌群组成可能导致疾病的发生发展。提倡益生菌对疾病的预防、治疗、预后,改善机体微环境,提高生命质量。近年来,益生菌、益生元、合生元三方面的研究飞速发展,对肠道益生菌研发已经取得一定成果。呼吸道作为与外界相通的腔道其优势菌群已经有相关报道,但对呼吸道益生菌的探索尚不明确,呼吸道内的优势菌是否可以制成益生菌制剂尚有待研究。     

运动与肠道菌群的相关性

肠道菌群与人体互相依存,与机体的感染、营养、免疫及代谢密不可分,在某些疾病的预防和治疗中有着非常重要的作用。肠道菌群具有易变性,它的种类和数量是由遗传和环境因素共同决定的,环境因素主要包括宿主健康状态和生活方式等。近来发现,生活方式与代谢性疾病的发生发展密切相关,而这些代谢性疾病的发生发展都与肠道菌群的改变有关。本研究就机体不同代谢状态下肠道菌群的变化以及运动这种生活方式直接对肠道菌群的影响进行综述。     

肠道菌群及其代谢产物氧化三甲胺——冠心病治疗的新靶点

冠心病 (Coronary artery disease,CAD) 是全球发病率和死亡率最高的一种心血管疾病,冠心病和肠道菌群失调密切相关,肠道菌群可能是未来冠心病的重要诊断标志物,改善肠道菌群微环境有望成为治疗冠心病的新途径。作为肠道菌群参与合成的活性代谢产物,氧化三甲胺 (Trimethylamine-N-oxide,TMAO) 水平的升高与心血管疾病患病风险、全因死亡率的增加有关;基础研究表明TMAO可能具有促动脉粥样硬化特性;这些研究提示TMAO可作为预防和治疗冠心病的潜在靶点。文中分析了当前调控肠道菌群及其代谢产物TMAO治疗冠心病的临床及基础性研究,以期为冠心病的治疗提供帮助。     

肺部菌群和肠道菌群及其互作与肺癌发生发展的相关性研究进展

肺部菌群及肠道菌群与肺癌密切相关,研究发现与健康人群相比肺癌患者的肺部及肠道菌群发生失调,即菌群组成结构发生显著改变。随着“肠-肺轴”概念的提出,肺部及肠道菌群在人体内的紧密联系越发受到重视,因此关于肺部及肠道菌群的研究对于阐明肺癌的发生发展机制有重要的指引作用。文中综述了肺癌患者肺部及肠道菌群的组成特点及可能的互作机制,强调了肠-肺轴中免疫系统的重要性,最后总结了肺部及肠道菌群对肺癌临床治疗的影响,并对肺部及肠道菌群可作为肺癌早期诊断与治疗的新颖靶点进行了展望。     

从肠道微生物出发探讨其代谢产物与心血管疾病的关系

肠道菌群在维护人类的健康以及在疾病发展中起到重要的作用。随着对肠道菌群的逐步了解,人们发现肠道菌群结构和功能的紊乱与动脉粥样硬化和冠心病等心血管疾病的发生密切相关。肠道菌群的代谢产物例如氧化三甲胺、短链脂肪酸、胆汁酸和脂多糖的增多被认为是影响心血管疾病发生、发展和预后的危险因素。本文将阐述肠道菌群及其代谢产物在心血管疾病发病机制中的作用,从"心血管-肠道-肠道菌群"的角度,为心血管疾病的个体化辨证防治提供新的思路和方法。     

肠道稳态与肠易激综合征

肠易激综合征(Irritable bowel syndrome,IBS)是一种常见的功能性胃肠病,其具体发病机制尚不清楚。近年来的研究显示肠道稳态的改变(主要表现为菌群失调)与IBS病理生理机制密切相关。流行病学研究表明IBS的发展往往会破坏肠道正常菌群的稳定状态,IBS患者组和健康对照组之间肠道菌群结构存在明显差异。此外,动物实验和一些临床研究表明IBS肠道菌群组成的变化与胃肠道和脑—肠轴功能异常密切相关,而这些也是IBS患者常表现出的临床症状。本研究综述了微生物群—脑—肠轴相互作用对IBS发生发展的影响,帮助深入对IBS的认识并指导临床。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.