小型湖泊水生植物栽培对轮虫群落结构的影响

为了解水生植物栽培对水环境及轮虫群落结构的影响,于2015年10月至2016年9月,对广州市暨南大学校园两个小型湖泊——明湖和南湖进行了周年调查.明湖无水生植物生长,南湖3—10月有水生植物轮叶黑藻生长,其中6—9月为植物旺盛生长时期.调查发现: 两湖共记录轮虫50种,分属于23个属,其中臂尾轮属、异尾轮属和腔轮属种类较多,均有8种.明湖记录轮虫32种,南湖记录39种. 明湖优势种主要有广布多肢轮虫、暗小异尾轮虫和微型多突轮虫;南湖优势种主要有螺形龟甲轮虫、爱德里亚狭甲轮虫和囊形腔轮虫.明湖轮虫丰度在2015年10月最高,达到3790 ind·L^-1,2016年3月最低,为854 ind·L^-1.南湖轮虫丰度在2015年11月最高,达到3555 ind·L^-1,2016年1月最低,为977 ind·L^-1.相似性分析表明,明湖与南湖水体轮虫群落结构差异显著,其中螺形龟甲轮虫为两湖群落结构差异贡献率最高的物种,其次为广布多肢轮虫.冗余分析表明,明湖轮虫群落结构主要受总磷、叶绿素a、水温的影响;南湖水生植物旺盛生长期,轮虫群落结构受总磷、温度、叶绿素a、深度的影响较大,优势种为底栖的无棘鳞冠轮虫、爱德里亚狭甲轮虫和囊形腔轮虫;水生植物开始生长时期主要受总氮和透明度的影响,优势种为浮游的广布多肢轮虫和等棘异尾轮虫;而无水生植物生长期主要受pH和溶解氧的影响较大,优势种亦为浮游性种,广布多肢轮虫、裂痕龟纹轮虫等.水生植物生长可有效降低N、P营养盐浓度,改善水质,增加空间异质性,支持更多轮虫种类生存,对水域生态系统的稳定具有重要作用.     

南方某水库轮虫群落特征及其对环境因子的响应

于2006年8月至2007年8月,对广东省某水库4个站点轮虫群落的周年变化进行了调查分析,同时测定了浑浊度、叶绿素、总氮、总磷等理化因子。调查期间,共记录轮虫41种,以臂尾轮属和异尾轮属种类居多,全年以广布多肢轮虫(Polyarthravulgaris)和尖尾疣毛轮虫(Synchaetastylata)为主要优势种;轮虫丰度范围为6-1966ind./L,以库心和大坝处的轮虫丰度较高,高峰期出现在夏秋季。相关分析显示叶绿素浓度对轮虫群落有重要影响。典范对应分析(CCA)表明,采样站点具有明显的空间异质性。CCA分析还表明浑浊度和透明度是影响轮虫空间分布的重要因子,水温和叶绿素浓度是影响轮虫群落结构季节变化的主要因子。CCA排序可将轮虫分为3个类群,优势种广布多肢轮虫位于CCA坐标轴的原点附近,表明其所受环境因子影响较小。根据相关加权营养状态指数(TLI),该水库处于中营养型。     

广东省水库轮虫分布特征

在2000年调查了广东省18座水库的轮虫种类分布特征。在此基础上,于2001～2003年研究了滞留时间对飞来峡水库、流溪河水库和新丰江水库三座典型水库(平均滞留时间分别为14d、172d和644d)轮虫分布的影响。共检到轮虫101种,其中大多数种类来自臂尾轮科(Brachionidae)、腔轮科(Lecanidae)、异尾轮科(Trichcercidae)和疣毛轮科(Synchaetidae)。常见属为龟甲轮属(Keratella)、臂尾轮属(Brachionus)、腔轮属(Lecane)、多肢轮属(Polyarthra)、异尾轮属(Trichocerca)、晶囊轮属(Asplanchna)、聚花轮属(Conochilus)和无柄轮属(Ascomorpha)。从不同生活习性种类组成看．每次采样均以浮游种类为主。在直流型的飞来峡水库中,底栖和着生种类占种类数的41％;而在长滞留时间的新丰江水库中只占18％;中等滞留时间的流溪河水库则介于它们之间。从不同食性种类的丰度看,在新丰江水库和流溪河水库中,轮虫以滤食细小悬浮颗粒物的种类(螺形龟轮虫、独角聚花轮虫和广生多肢轮虫)为优势种;而在直流型的飞来峡水库中,以劫掠粒径较大食物的种类(疣毛轮虫等)为优势种。聚类分析表明,不同营养水平水库轮虫的组成并不是绝然不同的,而是随着营养水平的上升逐渐发生变化的。在营养水平较低水库中以广栖性的螺形龟甲轮虫为优势种,随着营养水平的上升,螺形龟甲轮虫优势度逐渐降低,而异尾轮虫或臂尾轮虫优势度逐渐上升,并在中富营养和富营养水库中成为优势种。     

亚热带大型水库—新丰江水库的浮游生物群落特征

于2000年丰水期和枯水期,调查了新丰江水库的浮游生物群落结构。新丰江水库处于贫营养状态,浮游生物密度和生物量均较低。浮游植物34种,丰水期以蓝、绿藻为主,分别占总数量的31.7%和26.8%,蓝藻、绿藻细胞微小,chl-a量未占优势;枯水期硅藻为优势种群,占63.9%。浮游动物22种,丰水期轮虫为主,占65.3%,枯水期桡足类占81%,丰水期动物密度较高,但丰水期以轮虫如螺形龟甲轮虫为主,枯水期以无节幼体、桡足幼体及广布中剑水蚤居多,因此枯水期生物量高于丰水期。     

鄱阳湖不同水文期浮游生物群落结构特征和影响因素及水质评价

为阐明鄱阳湖不同水文期浮游生物群落结构特征及其影响因素, 研究于2017年8月(丰水期)和12月(枯水期)在鄱阳湖湖区典型水域设置5个采样点进行浮游生物采样调查。研究期间共鉴定浮游植物8门75属186种, 丰水期与枯水期均以硅藻门和绿藻门为主。共鉴定浮游动物4类76种, 丰水期与枯水期均以原生动物和轮虫为主。方差分析显示: 浮游植物密度与生物量在不同水文期之间的差异均为极显著(P<0.01), 浮游动物丰水期密度高于枯水期, 但无显著差异(P>0.05), 浮游动物生物量(P<0.05)在不同水文期差异显著。冗余分析(RDA)显示: 丰水期透明度和浮游生物呈显著负相关关系, 电导率和浮游生物呈显著正相关。透明度、电导率与营养盐是影响丰水期浮游生物群落结构的主要环境因素, 枯水期水温和溶解氧是驱动鄱阳湖浮游生物群落生态分布的主要环境因素。基于Shannon-Wiener(H′)、Margalef(d)和Pielou(J)等生物多样性指数的水质评价结果表明: 鄱阳湖研究区域水质状态处于寡污-中污之间。研究揭示了2个水文期对通江湖泊浮游生物的影响: 季节变化不改变湖泊浮游生物的物种组成及优势种, 但显著影响浮游生物的丰度及多样性。     

白洋淀轮虫群落结构特征

选取白洋淀8个采样点于2005年9月—2006年12月对轮虫群落进行定性定量分析,共检出轮虫110种,采蒲台种类数最多,其次是枣林庄,南刘庄最少;从季节来看,春、秋轮虫种类数量最多,夏季其次,冬季最少;根据优势种比较,臂尾轮虫科、迈氏三肢轮虫、针簇多肢轮虫、龟甲轮虫属等甲型-中污性和乙型-中污性水体种类分布在污染较严重的南刘庄,而单趾轮属、腔轮属、鬼轮属等清洁种类则分布在采蒲台、枣林庄、烧车淀等淀区。除端村外,各采样点轮虫密度和生物量于2006年4月出现最大值。根据Q(B/T)指数评价白洋淀各采样点水质,南刘庄属富营养,圈头属寡营养,其它样点属中营养水质。白洋淀轮虫的Shannon-Wiener指数以及均匀度指数则在夏秋季较高,春季较低,而物种多样性指数并不能完全反映白洋淀各采样点的水质。     

一座热带浅水水库敞水区浮游甲壳动物群落结构

为了解热带中小型浅水型水库枯水期浮游动物群落组成与结构稳定性,于2006至2007的三个枯水期,对位于我国雷州半岛甘村水库敞水区进行了每周一次的高频采样,主要以个体大小作为变量分析了浮游甲壳类动物的群落结构的组成.三次枯水期采样中,敞水区中只检测到枝角类4种和桡足类4种.浮游甲壳类的体长范围多集中在400～700μm之间.枝角类的优势种为模糊秀体溞平均体长为533μm,桡足类成体优势种台湾温剑水蚤的平均体长为787μm,无节幼体和剑水蚤桡足幼体丰度与生物量也相对较高.水库浮游甲壳类种类数和丰度的峰值均出现在体长为300～400μm和400-500μm两个等级内.浮游甲壳类的种类和数量均是以小个体为主,除了营养水平还与水体中的捕食压力紧密相关,鱼类的捕食对于浮游甲壳类群落结构的形成作用显著.     

珠江三角洲河网浮游轮虫的群落结构

通过2012年4次对珠江三角洲河网浮游动物的生态调查,研究该水域浮游轮虫的群落结构,包括种类组成、优势种、生物量及多样性等的时空分布,探讨了浮游轮虫群落结构与环境因子的相关关系,并阐析了浮游轮虫的聚群结构.结果表明： 共检出53种浮游轮虫.优势种类的季节演替及空间变化明显,针簇多肢轮虫占有较大优势.从季节变化来看,枯水期密度及生物量均大于丰水期,丰水期的生物多样性指数和均匀度要高于枯水期,浮游轮虫生物量和多样性的季节间差异显著;从空间分布来看,平均密度及平均生物量均呈现自西南向东北升高的趋势,最大密度及生物量均出现在市桥,而生物多样性指数和均匀度指数的空间变化趋势则相反,最高值均出现在青岐,浮游轮虫密度在各调查站位间差异显著,生物量及多样性在各调查站位间的差异不显著.浮游轮虫的密度与生物量、生物多样性指数与均匀度指数呈显著正相关,多样性与生物量呈显著负相关,生物多样性指数和均匀度指数随着生物量的增加显著降低.在不同季节,浮游轮虫密度与水温、pH、溶解氧、叶绿素a含量及总磷、总氮等环境因子密切相关.根据浮游轮虫密度对调查站位进行聚群分析得出5种聚群结构,说明相应调查站位的水质状况有显著差异.     

广东省大沙河水库轮虫群落结构的时空异质性分析

于2010 年1 月至12 月对广东省大沙河水库中的河流区、过渡区和湖泊区进行逐月采样, 采集浮游动物并测定水体理化指标, 以探讨热带大型富营养化水库轮虫群落结构的时空异质性。在三个采样点, 形态学分类共鉴定出25 种轮虫,其中19 种来自游泳亚目的6 个科, 8 个属, 4 种来自簇轮亚目的1 个科, 2 个属, 剩余2 种来自胶鞘亚目的2 个科, 2 个属。数据分析表明: 1)大沙河水库轮虫群落结构变化具有明显的季节特征,可分为枯水一期(1-4 月),丰水期(5-9 月)和枯水二期(10-12 月),Indval分析显示不同季节的指示种不同且均不少于三种; 2)轮虫群落结构和多样性(Shannon-Hill number)不具有明显的空间异质性, 但轮虫多样性和物种数具有显著的季节差异(p=0.004,p=0.007);3)环境变量对轮虫群落结构的解释率为41.269%,水体理化变量解释率31.935%,其中温度解释率16.512%,水库水文变量对轮虫群落结构变化解释率9.334%,水体理化变量对轮虫群落结构有重要的影响。     

新疆石河子市蘑菇湖水库浮游动物的群落特征及营养状态评价

2016年4月至2016年11月针对新疆石河子蘑菇湖水库不同库区水量状况时期（4月份丰水期,7月份平水期,11月份枯水期）进行了3次采样调查,共检出浮游动物36种,其中原生动物7种,轮虫18种,枝角类4种,桡足类7种;3次采样浮游动物群落结构均主要以轮虫和桡足类为主。浮游动物年平均密度为3 574 ind/L,各采样点密度变化范围为284 ~ 5 162 ind/L;年生物量为3.79 mg/L,各采样点生物量变化范围为0.84 ~ 6.56 mg/L。3次采样浮游动物密度和生物量均在7月份达到最大值,不同时期密度和生物量差异均显著（P < 0.05）。根据浮游动物密度对蘑菇湖水库进行营养化评级,水库营养状况在一年中随着时间的变化是以中营养化水平向富营养化转化的状态。浮游动物群落结构和环境因子的冗余分析（RDA）表明,水温、硝态氮、溶解氧、酸碱度、化学需氧量能够在4月份（丰水期）影响浮游动物群落结构;水温、溶解氧、总磷、化学需氧量能够在7月份（平水期）共同影响浮游动物群落结构;水温、酸碱度、溶解氧在11月份（枯水期）能够影响浮游动物群落结构。其中,水温和溶解氧在3个不同时期是主要影响浮游动物群落结构的环境因子。     

流溪河大型底栖动物群落的时空分布及其影响因子

流溪河位于我国热带与亚热带过渡区,其底栖动物种类丰富,群落的物种组成结构具有明显的区域性,掌握该地区的物种组成特征及与环境要素的关系是建立生态监测与评估方法的基础。于2018年的枯水期（3月、12月）和丰水期（6月、9月）,自流溪河上游至下游共计20个段面对底栖动物进行了定量采样,同时测定了相应的环境因子,采用多元统计方法对流溪河水环境与群落结构及其相关关系进行了分析。共检出底栖动物76个分类单元,隶属于7纲20目50科,其中水生昆虫相对丰度最高,占69.39%。在4个优势分类单元中,摇蚊族（Chironomini）相对丰度为20.19%,河蚬（Corbicula fluminea）、短沟蜷属的一种（Semisulcospira sp.1）、双突细蜉（Caenis bicornis）,相对丰度在7%-9%之间。底栖动物丰度和种类多样性均与浊度呈显著负相关;枯水期底栖动物丰度与总磷呈显著负相关,丰水期则呈显著正相关。在丰水期,不同河流级别上底栖动物群落具有明显的差异,表现较强的分布格局,而在枯水期这种分布格局不明显。典范对应分析（CCA）表明,在丰水期,影响或解释流溪河底栖动物群落变化的主要因子为pH、溶解氧、水温、电导率和硅酸盐,而在枯水期则为pH和硝态氮。受电站与采沙的影响,部分河段发生非自然断流和底质的显著改变,导致底质与水深等数据的异常变化,反映了人类活动对该河流生境与环境的重要影响。     

Comparative analysis of rotifer community structure in five subtropical shallow lakes in East China: role of physical and chemical conditions

Worldwide, there have been few comparative studies on rotifer communities in subtropical lakes. We studied changes in rotifer community structure over 1 year and its relationship to several physicochemical variables in five subtropical shallow lakes in East China, covering a nutrient gradient from mesotrophy to moderate eutrophy. In these lakes, the genera Brachionus, Lecane, and Trichocerca dominated the rotifer species composition, and Polyarthra dolichoptera, Keratella cochlearis, Filinia longiseta, T. pusilla, and Anuraeopsis fissa were the dominant species. With increased nutrient loading, total rotifer abundance and species dominance increased, indicating that rotifer abundance might be a more sensitive indicator of trophic state than species composition. Comparative analyses of the six rotifer community indices calculated in this study and redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that the two slightly eutrophic lakes and the other two moderately eutrophic lakes exhibited a high degree similarity in community structure. This suggests that the trophic state of a lake determines the rotifer community structure. In contrast, in the two moderately eutrophic lakes, the mass ratios of TN:TP and the contents of TP suggested N-limitation and cyanobacteria dominance in phytoplankton communities might be possible. In these lakes TN played a more important role in shaping the rotifer community according to stepwise multiple regression and RDA. RDA analysis also suggested that rotifer species distribution was strongly associated with trophic state and water temperature, with water temperature being the most important factor in determining seasonality.     

Variation in ostracod (Crustacea,Ostracoda) communities in the alluvial valley of the upper Paraná River (Brazil) in relation to substrate

Large river floodplains are convenient model systems to test for variation in animal and plant community structure, as they have a variety of habitats and substrates and are generally dynamic systems through the occurrence of flood pulses with varying intensity. South American floodplain systems furthermore have unique types of substrates, in the form of root systems of floating macrophytes. Here, we investigate the variation in ostracod (small, bivalved crustaceans) communities in relation to substrates and related environmental variables. Sampling was effected in 2004 in the alluvial valley of the upper Paraná River, Brazil, in the wet and dry seasons. Five different substrates, including littoral sediment and four macrophyte species root and leaf systems, in four hydrological systems and a variety of habitat types, were sampled. Fifty-four species of Ostracoda were found. Variation partitioning analysis (RDA) showed that ostracod communities significantly differed between different substrates, mainly between the littoral and plants with small root systems (Eichhornia azurea) on the one hand, and plants with large and complex root systems on the other hand (Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes). RDA analyses indicated that the pleuston (biotic communities associated with root systems of floating plants) of E. crassipes comprised more non-swimming species than the pleuston of the smaller roots of P. stratiotes, but species-level Kruskal–Wallis analyses could not detect significant differences between both macrophyte species. Also habitat type and hydrological systems contributed to variation amongst ostracod communities, but less so than the factor substrate. Abiotic factors also contributed to variation, but the ranges of all measured water chemistry variables were narrow. This uniformity in abiotic factors, which might be owing to the occurrence of large flooding events, unites all water bodies, even those that are generally separated.     

渭河丰、枯水期底栖动物群落特征及综合健康评价

以渭河为研究范例,分别于丰水期(2011年10月)和枯水期(2012年4月)对渭河全流域范围内45个样点的底栖动物群落进行跟踪调查,并在此基础上应用丰、枯水期底栖动物生物完整性评价指数(B-IBI)对渭河流域水生态系统进行综合健康评价。结果表明,渭河流域底栖动物群落结构具有明显的空间异质性,枯水期底栖动物群落结构单一,物种数量、生物量和香农多样性明显少于丰水期,但单位密度差异不显著。综合健康评价结果表明,渭河上游、洛河中上游地区的健康状况较好,而渭河中下游、泾河全流域及洛河下游地区的健康状况较差。相关分析显示,渭河全流域范围内丰水期和枯水期底栖动物群落的B-IBI得分呈现明显的正相关性,表明在不同水文过程时期,渭河全流域大尺度范围内底栖动物群落的生物完整性特征较为一致。在河流丰、枯水期,底栖动物群落结构的变化趋势并对比分析了渭河流域不同区域水生态系统健康水平差异的原因。     

Organophosphate Pesticide Residues in Drinking Water from Artesian Wells and Health Risk Assessment of Agricultural Communities,Thailand

Organophosphate pesticide (OPPs) concentrations in artesian wells located in Thai agricultural and non-agricultural communities were studied during both wet and dry seasons. A total of 100 water samples were collected and subjects were asked to complete a survey. Gas chromatography flame photometric detector was used for OPP analysis. The average OPP concentration in the agricultural communities (0.085 and 0.418 μg/l in dry and wet season) was higher than in the non-agricultural communities (0.004 μg/l in both seasons). Ingestion of OPPs in contaminated water in the agricultural communities were estimated to be 0.187 and 0.919 μg/day during the dry and wet seasons, respectively, and 0.008 μg/day during both seasons in the non-agricultural communities. Agricultural communities were exposed to pesticide residues under the oral chronic reference dose. This study suggests that people in agricultural communities may be exposed to significantly greater levels of pesticides than non-agricultural populations during the dry and wet seasons (p < .001, .001).     

Relations among heterotrophic bacteria, chlorophyll-a, total phytoplankton, total zooplankton and physical and chemical features in the Paranoá reservoir, Brasília, Brazil

The plankton community, chlorophyll-a, heterotrophic bacteria and physical and chemical features of the Paranoá Reservoir were studied at monthly intervals at seven stations from March 1988 to March 1989. Thermal structure had a circulation period from May to July and stratification during the other months. The phytoplankton consisted of 76 taxa, was dominated by the cyanophyte Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and attained concentrations ranging from 7,759,000 up to 98,160,000 org. l^–1. The zooplankton consisted of 36 taxa and was present in densities between 8 and 8,056 org. l^–1. In stations, or seasons with highly eutrophic conditions, there was a decrease in total phytoplankton and an increase in bacteria and total zooplankton. The results had spatial and temporal variations. Spatial variation demonstrated the existence of water quality deterioration at two or three sampling points. Temporal variation showed the influences of water column stability and the dry versus rainy seasons on nutrient concentrations and the planktonic community.     

Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Diversity and Distribution of the Upper Juruá River Fish Community (Brazilian Amazon)

We studied spatial and temporal patterns in fish species composition and diversity at the upper Juruá River located in the west Brazilian Amazon. We collected with gillnet 822 fishes belonging to 90 species in the main Juruá River, its tributaries and the floodplain lakes during wet and dry seasons. Fish abundance and species richness were greater in the dry season. During that season, fishes may be concentrated due to the low water level, being caught more easily by gillnets. There has been a trend towards a greater fish biomass caught in lakes. This might be associated with a greater environmental stability as lakes may be less subject to large variations in water level. The fish communities differed between the two seasons and between lakes and the lotic environments (main river and tributaries). Fish species from the family Curimatidae were most abundant in the lakes, while Pimelodus spp. and Hypostomus spp. predominated in the main Juruá River. Seasonal variations in fish communities may be related to differences in the migratory behavior among fish species. Such spatial and temporal patterns influencing fish community structure at the Upper Juruá Extractive Reserve must be accounted for in management and conservation strategies.     

Seasonal changes in fish catch and environmental variables in a large Tropical Lake,Volta, Ghana

Fish species assemblage and selected environmental variables were monitored in Lake Volta from September 2014 to August 2016 to determine seasonal variability in species composition, catch and environmental variables that determine the structure of the fish community. A total of 1,557 individual fish belonging to 41 species, 25 genera and 13 families were recorded. The important fish species with respect to frequency of occurrence, abundance and weight, respectively, were as follows: Chrysichthys (100%; 43.03%; 17.93%), tilapias (100%; 28.97%; 17.86%), Alestes (100%; 14.13%; 32.10%) and Bagrus (91.67%; 5.65%; 12.80%) in that order. The composition of fish species and their temporal variation in experimental catches were similar to that of commercial catches. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in species abundance, weight and diversity indices between the dry and wet seasons. The modal class of length frequency distribution of the dominant species in the catch, Chrysichthys, reduced from 125 mm in 2006 to 95 mm in the current study indicating overfishing. Environmental variables considered showed little variation and within optimal ranges for fish survival and did not differ significantly between seasons. Canonical Correspondence Analysis showed that environmental variables explained 43.30% of the variation in species abundance with Lake water level, nitrite‐nitrogen and total dissolved solids being the main environmental factors influencing the structure of the fish community.     

Habitat choice in rotifera communities of three shallow lakes: impact of macrophyte substratum and season

The distribution of rotifer communities between emergent (Typha angustifolia) and submerged (Chara tomentosa) vegetation and a comparatively open water zone were compared during the spring, summer and autumn seasons at three macrophyte-dominated lakes. This survey identified 107 rotifera species of which 58% of the taxonomical structure was common for the three examined lakes. Stoneworts with a more complicated spatial and morphological structure (having a much longer stem length than the narrow leaf cattail), supported higher rotifer densities. The stem length appeared to be the best predictor of all the macrophyte parameters and pH and chlorophyll a for the chemical variables, for explaining the variation of rotifer densities using the stepwise multiple forward regressions. The distribution of pelagic species did not differ between particular sites, which may have reflected the behavioural requirements of those rotifers. Some of them remained in the open water zone while others seeking an anti-predator refuge, gathered within macrophyte stands during the daytime. Moreover, there were nine Chara-associated species recorded and only one Typha-associated species was noted. The similarity of rotifer communities was most strongly influenced by particular habitat and season. Guest editors: S. S. S. Sarma, R. D. Gulati, R. L. Wallace, S. Nandini, H. J. Dumont & R. Rico-Martínez Advances in Rotifer Research     

柳江流域不同水文季节水质对附生硅藻群落的影响研究

为研究溶解氧(DO)、化学需氧量(CODMn)、氨氮(NH4+-N)、汞(Hg)、铅(Pb)、砷(As)和镉(Cd)在枯水期和丰水期变化对附生硅藻群落结构的影响, 分别于 2017 年 3 月和 6 月对柳江流域进行了调查分析, 旨在为深入研究柳江流域硅藻群落分布特征奠定基础, 以期为该流域水质的利用和管理提供理论依据。柳江流域共鉴定出附生硅藻 137 种, 隶属于 6 目 9 科 34 属。各采样点硅藻丰富度变化范围为 13-42 种, 呈现为丰水期高于枯水期。硅藻优势种组成在枯、丰水期分别有 5 种和 8 种, 具有明显的季节演替。聚类分析(Cluster analysis)显示, 硅藻群落结构在时空分布上存在差异, 枯水期可分为 3 个类群, 基本呈现在干流及支流段的上游、中游和下游; 丰水期可分为 2 个类群, 大致分布在流域的中下游和上游。其中, 在枯水期, Cyclotella fottii、Cyclotella. stelligera、Achnanthes minutissima 和 Cymbella laveis 在上游为优势种, A. minutissima 和 Nitzschia valdecostata 在中游丰度较高, 下游优势种为 Navicula cryptocephala、Amphora montana 和 A. minutissima 等; 在丰水期, 中下游优势种主要以 Nitzschia palea 为主, 上游优势种为 A. minutissima、A. montana 和 Achnanthes petersenii 等。主成分分析(Principle component analysis, PCA)和冗余分析(Redundancy analysis, RDA)显示, 枯水期水质因子对硅藻群落的影响为 Pb>Cd>Hg>As>CODMn>DO, 丰水期为 As>DO>CODMn>NH4+-N>Cd。结果表明, 水质因子 Cd、As、DO 和 CODMn 在枯水期和丰水期都对硅藻群落结构的变化起着重要作用, 但重金属因子在枯水期对硅藻影响较大, 而溶解氧在丰水期对硅藻影响较大。