后河国家级自然保护区蝴蝶群落多样性研究

于2003～2004年对湖北省五峰后河国家级自然保护区的蝴蝶群落进行实地调查,采用α-多样性测度方法研究春、夏、秋3季蝴蝶群落的多样性,分析其物种丰富度指数,科、属和种级分类下的多样性指数(H( F)、H( G)、H( S))、均匀度指数和优势度指数.结果表明,春、夏、秋3季蝴蝶群落的物种丰富度指数以夏季最高,为92;各级多样性指数也以夏季最高,分别为1.6231、3.1254和3.7755;均匀度指数以春季最高,为2.2127;优势度指数则以夏季最高.各科蝴蝶物种丰富度指数以蛱蝶科（Nymphalidae）最高,为32.     

冀西北坝上地区灯下蛾类群落结构特征

对冀西北坝上地区蛾类进行了逐日灯诱监测,以微软系统的Excel列表、作图,进行蛾类群落的种-多度曲线作图及群落多样性(H')、均匀度(J')、物种丰富度(S)和个体数(N)的时间和空间分布的处理,并做了多样性分析。结果表明:该区蛾类已知16科173属247种,夜蛾科是该区蛾类的优势类群,旋幽夜蛾、网锥蛾野螟(草地螟)和小菜蛾为当地优势种。从5月到9月蛾类多样性指数、物种丰富度和个体数基本呈上升趋势,多样性指数与均匀度(r=0.9477)、物种数(r=0.7785)、个体数(r=0.9704)相一致。不同月份间的蛾类相似程度差异较大,种-多度关系符合对数正态分布模型,研究认为坝上地区蛾类赖以生存的生态环境稳定,生态环境条件保持较好。     

山西蟒河猕猴国家级自然保护区蛾类多样性

选择山西蟒河猕猴国家级自然保护区针阔叶混交林、阔叶落叶林、杂木林和灌木林4种植被类型为调查样地来初步了解蛾类群落结构及多样性。共采集蛾类标本4709只,隶属24科184种,其中螟蛾科种类和个体数量最多。在4种植被类型中,灌木林的蛾类种数最多,有20科132种,灌木林中螟蛾科为优势科;阔叶落叶林中最少,14科74种,尺蛾科为优势科;针阔叶混交林和杂木林居中,其中前者优势科不明显,后者以草螟科占优势。对4种植被类型中蛾类物种丰富度、多度、多样性和均匀度指数进行了计算和分析,结果表明:蛾类的多度指数在阔叶落叶林中显著低于其余3种植被类型;蛾类的丰富度、多样性和均匀度指数在灌木林中均最高,在针阔叶混交林和杂木林中则相近。蛾类种-多度曲线在针阔叶混交林、杂木林和灌木林中符合对数正态分布模型,而在阔叶落叶林中不符合对数正态分布模型。     

宁夏六盘山国家自然保护区蝶类群落结构和多样性

对宁夏六盘山国家自然保护区蝴蝶群落的结构组成和多样性进行了研究.结果表明：六盘山保护区有蝴蝶5科68属130种,其中,蛱蝶科的属数和物种数最多,为33属68种;凤蝶科最少,为2属2种.灰蝶科的物种丰富度和均匀度指数最高,分别为1.75和0.84;蛱蝶科的多样性指数最高,为3.01;粉蝶科的优势度指数最高,为0.90;凤蝶科的物种丰富度、多样性和优势度指数均最低,分别为0.37、0.40和0.蛱蝶科中,眼蝶亚科的属数和种数最多,为13属24种;喙蝶亚科最少,仅1属1种;闪蛱蝶亚科的物种丰富度和均匀度指数最高,分别为1.11和0.84;线蛱蝶亚科的多样性指数最高,为2.04;眼蝶亚科的优势度指数最高,为0.96.     

冀西北坝上地区的夜蛾科昆虫

系统调查研究冀西北坝上农牧交错带的鳞翅目Lepidoptera,夜蛾科Noctuidae蛾类,已知11亚科71属117种,并对其多样性做了分析。各月份蛾类组成及数量差异较大,从5月到9月蛾类多样性指数、物种丰富度和个体数基本呈上升趋势,多样性指数与均匀度(r=0.9943)、丰富度(r=0.8979)相一致。而不同月份间的蛾类相似程度差异较大。     

云南紫胶虫栖境蝽类昆虫多样性

在云南绿春县,采用网扫法调查了培育云南紫胶虫5年的天然次生林（样地Ⅰ）和培育3年（样地Ⅱ）、1年（样地Ⅲ）及未培育紫胶虫（样地Ⅳ）的人工林中的蝽类昆虫群落。共采集蝽类昆虫423头,隶属于7科,47种。4个样地蝽类昆虫群落的物种组成和多样性各不相同。天然次生林蝽类物种组成丰富,条棘缘蝽占有较突出优势而导致多样性不高;人工林中,样地IV蝽类物种最丰富,优势度最低,均匀度和多样性最高;样地III次之;样地II物种最贫乏,优势度最高,均匀度和多样性最低。可见,紫胶虫与其栖境内蝽类的竞争将导致蝽类昆虫群落物种丰富度及多样性下降。     

小兴安岭森林恢复期不同植被区域蛾类组成及其多样性

为了研究小兴安岭地区不同植被类型的森林恢复区域和原始林区域的蛾类群落结构和多样性,对位于凉水自然保护区的4个典型区域的蛾类群落进行了系统调查。共采集蛾类标本56079号,隶属于28科598种,其中夜蛾科、尺蛾科为优势类群,豆卷叶野螟、头橙荷苔蛾、一色兜夜蛾等为小兴安岭地区优势种。对蛾类群落的种-多度关系分析得知,4个区域均符合对数正态分布假说。多样性指数分析表明,多样性和均匀度均为ⅣⅢⅡⅠ;优势集中性指数为ⅠⅢⅡⅣ。相似性分析和群落排序结果表明各植被恢复区域与原始林蛾类群落均存在差异,但差异不大。研究认为小兴安岭地区蛾类赖以生存的生态系统稳定,环境条件良好。     

河北省不老青山林区鳞翅目多样性初探

不老青山是位于河北省南部太行山东麓的森林景观,至今没有鳞翅目多样性方面的专门考察报道。本研究于2015年和2016年的5-9月,从该区选取多个样地,采用网捕以及灯光诱集的方法,共获得鳞翅目标本7438头,隶属26科306属419种,其中蛾类21科268属370种,蝶类5科38属49种。在物种数以及个体数量构成上,蛾类的夜蛾科、尺蛾科、螟蛾科以及蝶类的蛱蝶科为优势种群,占总种数的52.19%,其他类群共计占47.81%;对其物种丰富度(S)、多样性指数(H)、均匀度指数(J)、和优势度指数(D)分析结果表明,蛾类的各项指数在7月、8月份达到较高水平,多样性指数达到11.9894,表明该森林景观的蛾类种群组成结构趋于合理;而蝶类在各个水平上的指数均较低,表明该森林景观的生境条件对蝶类多样性均产生了明显影响。     

广东南岭国家级自然保护区实蝇多样性研究

2011年对南岭国家级自然保护区实蝇科昆虫进行了诱集采集,得到实蝇科昆虫标本1640号,隶属于2亚科11属19种。不同海拔高度实蝇科昆虫群落组成不同,在6个采样地中海拔最高点实蝇科昆虫种类和数量发生都较少。不同时间实蝇科群落组成及数量也呈现一定的差异。调查发现,7、8月份诱集的数量最多,分别为525头和537头。不同采样地和不同时间实蝇科昆虫的总体优势度指数（D）、多样性指数（H′）、物种丰富度指数（E）、均匀度指数（J）随时间的变化趋势基本一致。     

井冈山自然保护区蛾类多样性及人为干扰的影响

对井冈山自然保护区蛾类群落的多样性及其受人为干扰的影响进行了研究。结果显示：（1）人为干扰导致井冈山自然保护区蛾类群落构成有较大差别,严重干扰导致蛾类科数明显降低;物种数和个体数呈现出随着人为干扰加强而降低的趋势;蛾类各优势科在不同人为干扰样点的相对多度存在差异。（2）人为干扰导致蛾类主要科的物种数和个体数变化不同：尺蛾科、夜蛾科、毒蛾科和舟蛾科的物种数和个体数在人为干扰下降低;轻度和中度干扰导致螟蛾科和天蛾科的物种数和个体数升高,重度干扰下物种数和个体数降低;人为干扰导致灯蛾科的物种数和苔蛾科的个体数升高。（3）人为干扰导致蛾类群落Shannon多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数降低,Berger-Parker优势度指数升高。（4）人为干扰对蛾类群落的物种数和个体数的时间动态影响较大,对Shannon指数和Pielou均匀度指数时间动态影响较小,导致Berger-Parker优势度指数时间波动幅度增大。（5）人为干扰导致样点间蛾类群落相似性较低。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.