不同种植环境夏玉米田节肢动物群落特征及稳定性

对云南普洱不同种植环境夏玉米田节肢动物群落进行调查,应用群落特征指数、群落稳定性和主成分分析法,对不同种植环境夏玉米田节肢动物群落特征、稳定性和主成分进行对比分析。结果表明,调查区夏玉米田共采集到节肢动物10174头,隶属2纲15目100科261种,其中单作地夏玉米田采集到节肢动物共计5604头,隶属2纲13目84科168种,混交地夏玉米田采集到节肢动物共计4570头,隶属2纲15目90科209种。与单作地夏玉米田相比,混交地夏玉米田节肢动物群落物种数、多样性指数、均匀性指数、丰富度指数、天敌物种数及个体数均较高;植食性昆虫个体数及其所占比例、优势集中性指数和优势度指数较低;群落较稳定;群落多样性、均匀性、丰富度等指数随时间变化波动较小;单作地夏玉米田中,刺吸昆虫个体数量和食叶昆虫物种数量是主导节肢动物群落变化的最主要因子;混交地夏玉米田中,寄生昆虫个体数量、捕食昆虫物种数量和刺吸昆虫个体数量主导了节肢动物群落的变化。     

石家庄市菜用大豆田节肢动物群落结构及多样性

为明确河北省石家庄市菜用大豆田节肢动物群落结构特点及其多样性,应用马来氏网,对该地区菜用大豆田的节肢动物进行采集及种类鉴定,并对其群落结构组成、主要类群发生动态进行研究。结果表明：石家庄市菜用大豆田中共诱集到各类节肢动物3纲11目94科255种6927头,其中唇足纲45头,弹尾纲31头,昆虫纲6851头。在昆虫纲中,数量从大到小顺序为：半翅目＞双翅目＞鞘翅目＞缨翅目＞鳞翅目＞膜翅目＞脉翅目＞直翅目＞蜻蜓目。主要类群包括叶蝉科、蚜科、蓟马科、夜蛾科、薪甲科、瓢甲科、蚜蝇科。叶蝉、蚜虫、蓟马、夜蛾和叶甲为优势害虫种群。蚜蝇、瓢虫为主要天敌。该地区菜用大豆田的节肢动物种类和个体数量均远多于其他地区大豆地块。多样性分析表明,石家庄市菜用大豆田的节肢动物群落结构多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数均较高,说明该地区节肢动物群落具有较高稳定性。     

不同颜色实蝇粘虫板对桔小实蝇及天敌昆虫的诱捕效果

[目的]为评价不同颜色实蝇粘虫板对桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel及天敌等昆虫的诱捕效果.[方法]在梨园内,距地面1.5 m处悬挂黄色、蓝色、绿色、红色、紫色5种颜色的普通粘虫板和实蝇粘虫板(含甲基丁香酚),观察并比较了5种颜色普通粘虫板和实蝇粘虫板对桔小实蝇的诱集效应;将实蝇粘虫板上昆虫洗脱下来鉴定、分类和数量统计,进行不同颜色实蝇粘虫板对天敌等昆虫的诱集效果比较.[结果]实蝇粘虫板对桔小实蝇诱捕虫数显著高于普通粘虫板,黄色和绿色实蝇粘虫板每板每周分别诱捕(97.83±9.59)头和(50.50±4.32)头桔小实蝇,且诱虫量显著高于蓝色、红色和紫色粘虫板的.黄色实蝇粘虫板诱集到7种天敌和9种害虫,绿色实蝇粘虫板诱集到5种天敌和9种害虫;5种颜色实蝇粘虫板的益害比均较小.诱捕到的昆虫中以双翅目、鞘翅目、半翅目的昆虫为主,天敌主要有脉翅目、鞘翅目和膜翅目等昆虫,而且均不是桔小实蝇的寄生性天敌,仅有蠼螋这种极少量的捕食性天敌.[结论]黄色和绿色实蝇粘虫板诱杀桔小实蝇效果较好,对天敌的杀伤力相对较小,可在桔小实蝇发生期使用.     

漯河地区农田灯下蛾类群落结构和优势蛾生态位分析

为明确农田生境灯下蛾类群落结构和优势蛾的生态位特点,2017-2021年在漯河市郊区农田利用虫情测报灯对蛾类进行了逐日监测分析。结果表明,5年共诱集蛾类昆虫11科121种150 861头,统计得到个体数量（N)、物种丰富度(S)、群落多样性指数(H)、相似性系数(Cs)、生态位宽度（Bi）和生态位重叠(Cij)等相关群落数据参数。3-11月农田灯下蛾类个体数量、物种丰富度和群落多样性指数,均随时间呈先增加后减小的趋势;不同月份间的群落相似性指数差异较大。年度优势蛾为东方黏虫M. separata、棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera和甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua 3种。月度优势蛾共9种,其中亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis和棉铃虫的生态位宽度最大0.4434和0.4002,东方黏虫最小（0.1811）;棉铃虫和甜菜叶螟Hymenia recurvalis与其余8种优势蛾的生态位重叠指数均较大,而东方黏虫和其余优势蛾的生态位重叠指数均较小。研究结果为开展蛾类监测预警和有效防治提供参考数据。     

基于林分昆虫多样性调查的传统灯诱法改进效果分析

昆虫在生物多样性调查中具有不可替代的地位，灯诱法是效率最高的昆虫采集方法之一，然而传统的灯诱方法存在诱集范围无法界定、采样流程标准性不足等问题。为此，使用自制的聚光灯诱箱（Spotlight Box Trap，SBT）作为改进灯诱方法，并使用灯诱帐（Moth Collecting Tent，MCT）作为传统灯诱法进行对照；以北京杨（Populus×beijingensis）与油松（Pinus tabuliformis）人工林为样地，对两种灯诱装置采集的蛾类数量及物种组成、物种多样性指数与形态参数等多个指标进行评价。共采集蛾类24科164种6728号，其中北京杨林分SBT采集19科93种1164号，MCT采集22科125种2573号；油松林分SBT采集21科87种1044号，MCT采集22科117种1947号。分析显示：（1） MCT采集的个体数量与物种数量均高于SBT，总体上SBT在不同样地间的数据误差水平更低。（2）两种灯诱装置采集的蛾类优势种组成显著不同（P<0.05）；SBT共有种的数量比例始终高于MCT，即后者的特有种占比例更高。（3）总体上SBT物种多样性指数的数据误差水平更低。（4） MCT采集的蛾类物种体型更大（体长约为SBT的1.20倍）、飞行能力更强（相关参数约为SBT的1.20倍至1.36倍）。结果表明，在林分昆虫多样性的调查中，传统灯诱法的数据稳定性较差，对林分的代表性不足。聚光灯诱箱因其对光域的可控性和采集昆虫的规范性，具备更高的稳定性，在森林昆虫多样性调查与监测中具有更好的适用性与应用前景。     

三种诱捕器对天牛科昆虫的诱集效率

【目的】不同诱捕器类型可以有效诱集不同昆虫物种,为了更准确的判断某地区的物种丰富度,更高效的进行不同物种的诱集,开展不同诱捕器类型对昆虫诱集效率的对比研究是至关重要的。【方法】研究了档板、漏斗和马氏3种不同类型诱捕器在吉林省松花湖库区蒙古栎林中对天牛科昆虫的诱集数量和种类。【结果】在相同地点和相同时间段内,漏斗诱捕器共诱集189头天牛科昆虫、分属于4亚科、11属、12种;挡板诱捕器共诱集134头天牛科昆虫,分属于5亚科、15属、17种;马氏诱捕器共诱集99头天牛科昆虫,分属于4亚科、16属18种。从诱集到的物种丰富度看,诱集效率顺序为:马氏诱捕器>挡板诱捕器>漏斗诱捕器;从诱集到的个体数量看,诱集效率顺序为:漏斗诱捕器>挡板诱捕器>马氏诱捕器;从诱集到的优势种数量看,诱集效率顺序为:漏斗诱捕器>挡板诱捕器>马氏诱捕器。【结论】从成本和效率的综合因素考虑,在一般性天牛科昆虫调查和种群监测时,可以选择以联合使用挡板和漏斗诱捕器为主,马氏诱捕器辅之的调查设计,可达到高效且经济的调查天牛科昆虫的目的。     

豫西山地传粉昆虫物种多样性对地貌和季节的响应

通过野外试验布设陷阱捕捉传粉昆虫,调查豫西山地春秋两季不同人为强度土地利用下的传粉昆虫多度、丰富度等,并结合实地的植被群落特征,研究传粉昆虫的多样性、群落相似性及物种重要度(重要值).结果表明: 春秋两季累计捕获传粉昆虫23275头,优势类群多为膜翅目、双翅目等.春季捕获传粉昆虫的数量约是秋季数量的1.8倍,且两个季节传粉昆虫的个体多度差异达到极显著水平.春秋季捕获的双翅目、膜翅目相对多度较高,且季节之间变化不大.鳞翅目、鞘翅目个体数量较少,其中春季捕获的鳞翅目数量极少,秋季的鞘翅目数量也偏低.丘陵的Shannon多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数要明显高于其他两种地貌类型;山地的优势度指数和物种的个体数均高于其他两种地貌类型.不同地貌传粉昆虫的多样性和优势度差异达到显著水平,丘陵传粉昆虫多样性与山地和平原均有显著差异,山地的优势度与丘陵有显著差异.季节变化对传粉昆虫群落影响较小,但群落内各物种组成之间存在一定差异.从Morisita-Horn和Sørensen相似系数来看,仅有膜翅目群落在山地和丘陵间有显著差异.春秋季的物种重要值也存在差异,春季中胡蜂科的重要值最高,寄蝇科、果蝇科次之;秋季中花蝇科重要值最高,胡蜂科次之.传粉昆虫与农作物密切相关,影响着作物生长和粮食产量.在种植作物过程中因地制宜,合理规划土地利用方式,根据不同地貌内的植被类型适当调整物种组成,保护其多样性,对维持农业可持续发展和提高生态系统服务意义重大.     

珠江口淇澳岛不同生境类型区域昆虫群落多样性

2008年6月、12月分别对珠江口淇澳岛3个不同生境类型区域（红树林区、基围鱼塘和陆域林地）的昆虫群落进行调查。该岛昆虫群落由11目、68科组成；个体数量最多的是同翅目，其次为膜翅目、双翅目、鳞翅目和鞘翅目；膜翅目的类群最丰富，其次为鳞翅目和鞘翅目。不同生境类型区域昆虫群落的组成及多样性特征存在差异，基围鱼塘昆虫类群最为丰富，红树林区昆虫类群较少；昆虫群落的个体数量从大到小依次为基围鱼塘、陆域林地和红树林区；红树林区的植被种类和群落结构较为单一，生境相对简单，昆虫群落的种类丰富度和Shannon-Wiener指数均低于陆域林地和基围鱼塘，优势度远高于基围鱼塘和陆域林地，均匀度大小依次为基围鱼塘﹥陆域林地﹥红树林区。     

后河国家级自然保护区蛾类昆虫的季节多样性

后河国家级自然保护区位于湖北省与湖南省交界处,属于武陵山脉,与湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区相邻。该保护区自然环境优越,为昆虫繁衍提供了良好条件。为了研究后河国家级自然保护区蛾类昆虫的季节动态变化,在春、夏、秋三季,选取茅坪、湾潭和独岭为样地,采用灯光诱集方法,对后河国家自然保护区的蛾类昆虫群落多样性及季节变化进行了调查。采用α-多样性测度方法,分析了物种丰富度(S)、多样性指数(科、属及种级)(H)、均匀度指数(J)和优势度指数(D)。结果表明:后河国家自然保护区的蛾类昆虫分属21科173属227种,其中夜蛾科的丰富度最高达到62。随后是,尺蛾科和螟蛾科昆虫,它们的物种丰富度指数分别为为58和25。从各科个体数来看,尺蛾科昆虫最多有423头,灯蛾科排第二,有351头,第三的是夜蛾科昆虫有336头。蛾类昆虫的物种丰富度指数、多样性指数、均匀度指数及优势度指数随季节变化而变化。蛾类昆虫的物种丰富度指数以夏季最高,达到117;然后依次是秋季和春季。科级、属级和种级多样性指数也以夏季最高,分别为2.22、4.05和4.29。均匀度指数和优势度指数以春季最高,分为2.40和0.12。研究得出后河国家级自然保护区的生态环境好。     

九华山土壤甲虫的生态分布

１９８８年４月－１９９２年１２月先后８次对九华山４种生境的土壤甲虫进行调查,共获标本４１７头,隶属３３科。其中幼虫１５科,成虫２８科６４种（属）。平均密度７０５头／ｍ＾３。不同生境土壤甲虫群落组成的差异较大,仅分布于一种生境的种属多。共有的少。群落组成的丰富度（Ｓ）,均匀度（Ｅ）和香农指数值（Ｈ）均以灌丛草甸和混交林内高,黄山松林和马尾松林低,优势度指数值（Ｃ）正好相反。组成和数量的季节变化表现为     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.