太子参脱病毒技术研究

采用茎尖分生组织法、热处理结合茎尖法、病毒唑处理结合茎尖法对6个不同产地的太子参[Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax ex Pax et Hoffm.]组培苗进行了脱病毒研究. 经生物检测、 ELISA法和电镜检测表明, 热处理结合茎尖法脱病毒效果最好,脱毒率高达 100%;病毒唑处理结合茎尖法和茎尖分生组织法脱毒率分别为 79.64%和74.29%.不同产地太子参的脱病毒效果不同.根据实验结果提出了太子参的脱病毒繁育程序,其中复壮培养基中PP333的最适浓度为0.5～1.0 mg·L-1,最适生根培养基为1/2 MS 0.3 mg·L-1 NAA.     

葡萄去病毒和无毒苗试管快繁技术研究

1.葡萄病毒的脱除:(1)热处理脱毒:在38℃条件下,保持相对湿度60—70%,处理29个盆栽葡萄品种2-3个月,使100%的植株脱除了四种主要病毒病。(2)试管内热处理及茎尖剥离培养脱毒:将葡萄试管苗进行热处理并配合茎尖剥离培养或单用茎尖剥离培养,前者成活率30.5%,脱毒率100%;后者成活率73%,脱毒率94.7%。     

组培大花蕙兰

目前,在花卉市场上深受人们喜爱的大花蕙兰,就是由虎头兰、碧云兰和西藏虎头兰等大花种类通过人工杂交培育出来的新品种。由于大花蕙兰在自然条件下增殖率较低,采用分根法进行无性繁殖,其繁殖速度缓慢。为此,我们将通过组织培养技术,以提高大花蕙兰的增殖率,具体方法如下：１．植体的处理取大花蕙兰茎尖或侧芽,用洗衣粉刷洗表面,经自来水冲洗干净后,去掉外层苞片,露出芽体,再用７５％的乙醇浸泡３—４秒钟,放入０．１％的升汞溶液中杀菌６—７分钟,然后用无菌水冲洗数次。在无菌的条件下截取长约５毫米的茎尖,放入０．０５％…     

小滴玻璃化法脱除蝴蝶兰种苗建兰花叶病毒的研究

以感染建兰花叶病毒(Cymbidium mosaic virus,CymMV)的蝴蝶兰(Phalaenopsis aphrodite)品种‘满天红’为试材,通过筛选蔗糖预培养浓度、预培养时间、PVS2(Plant vitrification solution 2,PVS2)处理时间三个关键因素,建立蝴蝶兰茎尖小滴玻璃化超低温脱毒体系,将再生的茎尖诱导类原球茎,再分化成苗,经RT-PCR检测CymMV的脱除情况,阴性结果的再生植株进行增殖和诱导生根。结果显示:最佳预培养为:BM+0.6 mol·L-1蔗糖处理1~2 d,超低温茎尖的成活率为70%~76.7%,再生率为53.3%~56.7%;PVS2最佳处理时间为60~90 min,超低温茎尖的成活率为73.3%~76.7%,再生率为50.0%~56.7%。再生植株经RT-PCR检测,CymMV的脱除率为50%。该研究为兰科植物脱除CymMV提供了理论和技术基础。     

广东地区两种兰花病毒病害的分子鉴定及检测

根据已报道的建兰花叶病毒(CyMV)和齿兰环斑病毒(ORSV)基因组核苷酸序列,在其cp基因上下游设计PCR引物.CyMV预计扩增产物784bp,ORSV预计扩增产物604bp.以采集自广东省顺德的墨兰和文心兰表现病毒病症状的病株叶组织总RNA为模板,进行RT-PCR扩增.对预期大小的5个扩增产物进行克隆和测序,结果表明,来源于不同兰种或同一兰种不同兰场的病样CyMV引物扩增产物核苷酸序列存在少量差异,但均与世界各地的CyMV分离物cp基因高度同源;而来源于不同兰种的病样ORSV引物扩增产物核苷酸序列完全相同,与世界各地的ORSV分离物cp基因高度同源.因此可将侵染广东兰花的两种病毒鉴定为CyMV和ORSV.混合上述两种病毒的 PCR引物,采用双重RT-PCR扩增,对采自广东顺德23个兰场共153份样品进行病毒检测,76份(49.7%)检出CyMV,52份(34.0%)检出ORSV,2份(1.3%)同时检出CyMV和ORSV.     

广东地区两种兰花病毒病害的分子鉴定及检测

根据已报道的建兰花叶病毒(CyMV)和齿兰环斑病毒(ORSV)基因组核苷酸序列,在其cp基因上下游设计PCR引物。CyMV预计扩增产物784bp,ORSV预计扩增产物604bp。以采集自广东省顺德的墨兰和文心兰表现病毒病症状的病株叶组织总RNA为模板,进行RT—PCR扩增。对预期大小的5个扩增产物进行克隆和测序,结果表明,来源于不同兰种或同一兰种不同兰场的病样CyMV引物扩增产物核苷酸序列存在少量差异,但均与世界各地的CyMV分离物cp基因高度同源;而来源于不同兰种的病样ORSV引物扩增产物核苷酸序列完全相同,与世界各地的ORSV分离物cp基因高度同源。因此可将侵染广东兰花的两种病毒鉴定为CyMV和ORSV。混合上述两种病毒的PCR引物,采用双重RT—PCR扩增,对采自广东顺德23个兰场共153份样品进行病毒检测,76份(49．7％)检出CyMV,52份(34．0％)检出ORSV,2份(1．3％)同时检出CyMV和ORSV。     

口岸植物检疫脱毒处理技术研究进展

植物病毒影响植物的生长和发育,尤其是植物病毒的传染性及增殖性对一种或者一类植物的危害巨大。为了防范植物病毒随寄主贸易跨境传播危害,本文阐述了茎尖培养脱毒、热处理脱毒、热处理结合茎尖脱毒、离体微型嫁接、化学处理结合茎尖脱毒和低温疗法等脱毒技术,对应用于口岸检疫性病毒的不同脱毒方法进行了综述和分析,同时对今后植物检疫脱毒研究方向进行了展望。     

茎尖嫁接脱除柑橘黄龙病病原及其检测方法比较

运用茎尖微芽嫁接技术脱除柑橘黄龙病病原,并采用PCR技术和直接荧光法对脱毒后的植株进行脱毒效率检测。结果表明,茎尖微芽嫁接成活率最高为75%;茎尖微芽嫁接技术是脱除黄龙病病原的一种有效方法,脱毒率达100%,脱毒后均检测不到病原存在;PCR技术检测病毒的检出率为100%,而直接荧光法的检出率仅为33.3%,说明PCR技术具有更高的灵敏度。     

检测大蒜病毒和产生脱毒蒜的方法

简述了目测汰毒法、指示植物法、酶联免疫吸附检测法 (ELISA)、逆转录聚合酶链式反应法 (RT PCR)、直接组织印迹免疫测定法 (DTBIA)等病毒检测技术 ,以及采用茎尖培养、花序轴离体培养、茎盘培养、茎盘圆顶培养等方法产生脱毒蒜的关键技术及其脱毒效果     

人参果茎尖脱毒培养与快速繁殖

对人参果(Solanum muricatum Ait)茎尖进行离体培养及快速繁殖.结果表明:适于外植体生长分化的培养基是不加任何激素或只加0.2 mg*L-1 NAA的MS培养基;用MS 0.5 mg*L-1 NAA培养基能促进组培苗茎尖快速伸长,有利于茎尖的剥离和脱毒培养;适于茎尖愈伤组织形成和分化的培养基为MS 0.2 mg*L-1 NAA 2.0 mg*L-1 6-BA;适于壮苗快繁的培养基为MS 0.5 mg*L-1 NAA 0.1 mg*L-1 PP333.生物学和电镜检测结果表明,利用0.2～0.3 mm茎尖培养的人参果试管苗已脱除病毒.     

Sequence Analysis and Detection Using Immunocapture-PCR of Cymbidium Mosaic Virus and Odontoglossum Ringspot Virus in Hawaiian Orchids

A Hawaiian isolate of Cymbidium mosaic virus (CyMV-H) was purified from Dendrobium orchid, and a cDNA library was constructed. Clones containing the coat protein (CP) gene and movement protein (MP) gene were identified by colony hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The Hawaiian isolate of Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSVH) was purified from Cattleya orchid. The CyMV CP gene was PCR amplified from a cDNA done. The ORSV CP and 54 kDa putative replicase genes and CyMV-MP gene were cloned by RT-PCR Sequences of these genes of CyMV-H and ORSV-H were compared with those of CyMV and ORSV from Singapore, Japan. Korea, and Germany. The high degree of sequence identity (91–99%) at the nucleotide level for all gene sequences analysed, shows that CyMV and ORSV from different countries are closely related. Sequence comparison results show that CyMV strains can be divided into two groups based on differences in amino acid sequences of the coat protein gene: CyMV-H closely resembles CyMV-SI while CyMV-S2 resembles CyMV-K, A sensitive, rapid, and reliable immunocapture PCR (ICPCR) assay was developed to detect both viruses, CyMV was detected from dilutions equivalent to 100 mg of orchid material and ORSV was detected from dilutions equivalent to 10 μg of orchid material. IC-PCR was compared with direct binding PCR (DB-PCR) and ELISA for their sensitivities.     

Elimination of cymbidium mosaic virus and odontoglossum ringspot virus from orchids by meristem culture and thin section culture with chemotherapy

Most commercially cultivated orchid plants are generally infected with cymbidium mosaic virus (CyMV) and odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV). Two methods were used in order to generate virus-free plants: meristem culture and thin section culture with chemotherapy. Meristems (0.10 mm to 1.00 mm) were excised from infected axillary shoots of an infected monopodial orchid hybrid (Mokara Char Kuan ‘Pink’) and cultured in modified Vacin and Went medium. Only larger meristem explants survived and the regenerated plantlets remained virus-infected. In contrast, high percentages of virus-free plantlets were obtained from thin section cultures of infected plantlets and protocorm-like bodies with ribavirin treatment. Interestingly, regenerants from thin section cultures without ribavirin treatment were also found to be free from CyMV and ORSV. All plantlets were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR).     

Further Observations on the Effects of Cymbidium Mosaic Virus and Odontoglossum Ringspot Virus on the Growth of Cymbidium Orchids

Two cultivars of Cymbidium orchid were mechanically inoculated with Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) and Cymbidium mosaic virus (CyMV), individually and in combination, one year after transfer from in vitro culture to the glasshouse. Plant growth and disease symptoms were monitored over the following 4 years. Plants infected with CyMV showed severe mosaic symptoms with necrotic streaks and the virus was easily detectable by ELISA throughout the experiment. Plants infected with ORSV alone showed no obvious symptoms, and by the end of the experiment the virus could not be detected in the new growth using ELISA. Both viruses reduced plant growth, the effect of CyMV being more severe than that of ORSV.     

The Effects of Cymbidium Mosaic Virus and Odontoglossum Ringspot Virus on the Growth of Cymbidium Orchids

Two cultivars of Cymbidium orchid were mechanically inoculated with Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) and Cymbidium mosaic virus (CyMV), individually and in combination. ORSV was found to have an infection rate of 70% (as determined by ELISA), but seldom induced easily discernable leaf symptoms. CyMV had an infection rate of only 20%, but infected plants invariably produced a pronounced leaf mosaic either with or without necrotic streaks. Both viruses were found to reduce plant growth, the effects of CyMV being more severe than those of ORSV.     

Mass Culture of Subanguina picridis and Its Bioherbicidal Efficacy on Acroptilon repens

A Russian knapweed (Acroptilon repens) shoot culture system, initiated from shoot tip culture, was used to generate a source of host plant tissue for the rearing of the nematode Subanguina picridis, a biocontrol agent for Russian knapweed. Young shoots growing on solid B5G medium in petri dishes developed galls on leaves, petioles, and shoot tips 7 days after release of 50 nematodes onto the surface of the medium. After 3 months of culturing, each petri dish yielded 7,000-10,000 nematodes. In vitro cultured Subanguina picridis were virulent on greenhouse-grown Russian knapweed plants. Galls were first found on seedlings 12 days after infestation; after 2 months, 90% of seedlings were galled on leaves, petioles, and shoot tips, with 1-6 galls per seedling. Three months after shoot emergence, 64% of vegetative shoots originating from root segments were also galled by the cultured nematodes. Similarly, vegetatively regenerated shoots of Russian knapweed were also susceptible to infestation by cultured nematodes.     

大花蕙兰的栽培管理技术

本文从大花蕙兰生长所需的生态环境、营养基质及组培苗特性等方面,对大花蕙兰的栽培技术进行讨论,并提出组培苗各发育阶段的栽培措施。     

大花蕙兰组织培养技术研究

以大花蕙兰Cymbidium hybridum侧芽为外植体,以N6、B5、CC、MS为基本培养基,设计无机大量元素、无机微量元素、有机物三因素四水平正交试验,探究大花蕙兰丛生芽增殖的最佳基本培养基、生长调节剂浓度配比以及诱导生根的最佳生长调节剂浓度。结果显示,大花蕙兰丛生芽增殖的最佳培养基组合为B5无机大量元素+ CC无机微量元素+MS有机物+蔗糖30 g·L-1 +琼脂7 g·L-1 +活性炭0.5 g·L-1(pH 5.8～6.0),诱导丛生芽增殖的适宜生长调节剂浓度配比为6-BA 4.0 mg·L-1 + NAA 0.2 mg·L-1,诱导生根的最佳生长调节剂浓度为NAA 1.0 mg·L-1。