动物热激转录因子的进化类型及其功能研究进展

生物体暴露在高温和其它一些化学或者生理胁迫的环境中能诱导机体产生热激蛋白.真核生物中热激蛋白基因的表达受热激转录因子的调节.正常生长条件下,热激转录因子呈无活性的单体状态,当生物体处在热激等胁迫环境中时,热激转录因子会立即转换成有活性的三聚体并进入细胞核中与热激蛋白基因的热激元件结合,从而激活热蛋白激基因的转录.综述了近年来4种热激转录因子在生物体热应激反应中的作用,重点讨论了热激转录因子家族成员功能上的新发现.     

对热激蛋白的研究为探索昆虫生长发育提供新思路

热激蛋白（HSPs）在生物体对环境适应性上起到重要的作用。中国科学院动物研究所农业虫鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室康乐研究组探讨了热激蛋白对斑潜蝇Liriomyza sativae冷耐受力和生长发育方面的作用机理。     

利用黑腹果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）研究微量金属元素代谢

微量金属参与了生物体许多化学反应过程,同时也可作为蛋白质的辅基或辅因子起作用,对机体生长发育以及正常生物功能的维持具有重要作用;微量金属元素的代谢失衡与生物体许多疾病密切相关,如威尔森氏病、门克斯病、铁色素沉积、肠变性皮炎以及一些神经退行性疾病。黑腹果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）是遗传背景清楚、生活周期短、操作方便的模式生物,利用果蝇研究金属离子代谢以及金属离子代谢与疾病的联系具有独特的优势,近年来,随着果蝇基因组测序的完成以及许多转基因果蝇株的建立,果蝇也越来越多的用于金属离子代谢的研究。介绍了近年来果蝇在金属离子代谢研究领域的进展,以及其与神经退行性疾病关系研究上的一些应用。     

家蚕热激蛋白的研究进展

热激蛋白在家蚕的生长发育过程中发挥着重要的生物学作用。该文对国内外学者近几年在家蚕热激蛋白上的研究进展进行了综述,分析了家蚕热激蛋白的分类,概括了家蚕热激蛋白的基本性质,介绍了家蚕热激蛋白在对温度的响应、家蚕抗逆、抗病与滞育中的作用及其他生物学功能等方面的研究现状,提出了在家蚕热激蛋白研究上存在的问题,展望了家蚕热激蛋白研究的发展趋势,以期为利用热激蛋白提高家蚕品种的抗逆性和深入研究家蚕以及其他鳞翅目昆虫热激蛋白的生物学功能提供参考。     

乙酰半胱氨酸介导的果蝇蛋白质表达谱的变化

N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetyl cysteine,NAC)是常用的抗氧化剂,并被用于慢性阻塞性肺疾病的治疗。本研究通过用富含NAC和不含NAC的营养物培养果蝇,发现NAC可以有效提高果蝇体内谷胱甘肽的(glutathione,GSH)含量,并且提高NADH和NAD+的比例。应用定量蛋白质组学,我们鉴定到了239种蛋白在NAC处理过的果蝇和对照组果蝇中有差异表达;其中227种蛋白的表达上调,12种蛋白的表达下调。上调蛋白主要包括抗氧化酶体系以及GSH合成和利用相关的蛋白。本研究还应用代谢组学方法分析了糖酵解及三羧酸循环通路上的代谢分子,发现NAC可以降低生物体的基础代谢水平。本项研究系统分析了NAC对果蝇的代谢水平、氧化还原稳态以及抗氧化酶体系的影响,阐明NAC在生物体抵抗氧化压力和抗衰老方面的作用。     

棉花粉蚧热休克蛋白基因的鉴定

热休克蛋白(heat shock proteins,Hsps)是生物体或细胞受到热胁迫后新合成的一类遗传上高度保守的蛋白,在昆虫应对外界环境因子胁迫时起着重要作用。为了系统研究棉花粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis Hsp基因家族,对棉花粉蚧转录组基因注释信息进行分析、获得目标序列,并应用NCBI上Blast X等软件进行比对、共鉴定出24条热激蛋白(Hsp)基因,包括3个Hsp90、8个Hsp70、2个Hsp60和11个s Hsp(small heat shock protein,s Hsp)基因。对棉花粉蚧与模式昆虫家蚕Bombyx mori、黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster、赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum系统进化关系分析显示,昆虫的小分子量热休克蛋白s Hsp具有很强的种属特异性,Hsp70家族的保守性比s Hsp强。棉花粉蚧热激蛋白基因的鉴定为深入研究该虫Hsp与生长发育、抗逆境的相互关系奠定了基础。     

GAL4/UAS系统在果蝇Tis11基因RNA干扰中的应用

TTP在哺乳动物许多关键基因表达的转录后水平上起调控作用,Tis11是TTP蛋白在果蝇中的同源物.目前还没有现成的可用于研究Tis11功能的基因敲除或敲低的果蝇.为了获得肌动蛋白启动子或者热激蛋白启动子驱动表达Tis11 mRNA干扰序列的具有较高干扰效率的Tis11基因干扰果蝇,将肌动蛋白启动子或者热激启动子驱动表达的GAL4果蝇品系与融合有Tis11 mRNA干扰序列的UAS品系杂交,收集同时带有GAL4基因和UAS序列的子一代果蝇.提取所收集果蝇的总RNA,将其中的mRNA逆转录成cDNA,并设计检测Tis11基因的特异性引物,然后通过Real-time PCR检测Tis11 mRNA的表达情况.结果显示所收集的能表达Tis11基因干扰序列的子一代果蝇与不能表达Tis11基因干扰序列的对照果蝇相比,其体内Tis11 mRNA的表达水平下降明显.收集的果蝇其体内所表达的干扰序列对Tis11 mRNA干扰效果显著,我们成功获得了Tis11基因的RNA干扰果蝇.     

热激蛋白ClpB的结构和功能

ClpB是HSP100／Clp蛋白家族的一员,具有分子伴侣功能,通过溶解热胁迫下的蛋白聚集体,减少热激对细胞的伤害,ClpB与细胞的耐热性紧密相关。近年来,ClpB在植物中的功能成为研究的热点,但大多局限在植物胞质ClpB的研究,而对细胞器ClpB的研究较少。文章介绍了热激蛋白ClpB的结构、功能和植物热激蛋白ClpB的研究现状。     

植物热激蛋白的研究进展及其应用

热激蛋白是一组在进化上高度保守的蛋白质,是生物体受环境胁迫时产生应激反应,降低正常基因的表达,并启动热激基因而产生的一种特殊蛋白质,能使机体抵御不良的环境。本文综述了植物热激蛋白的种类、特点、诱导合成、细胞定位及其在生命科学研究中的应用。     

寄生虫热激蛋白的研究进展

热激蛋白(Heat shock proteins,HSPs)是所有原核生物和真核生物在发育过程中,或为适应不同环境中合成的一组起关键作用的蛋白质家族.为全面了解寄生虫热激蛋白的研究情况,介绍了熟激蛋白的发现、功能、分类及寄生虫(原虫、线虫、吸虫)热激蛋白(HSP70,HSP90,HSP60,sHSP)的研究进展,并对寄生虫热激蛋白的研究意义作了探讨.     

The role of oxidative stress in the induction of Drosophila heat-shock proteins

The role of oxidative stress in the induction of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) was studied in Drosophila Kc cells by comparing the effects of two different inducers, temperature stress and reoxygenation following a period of anoxia, on cellular respiration, thiol status, and the accumulation of HSPs. A heat shock from 25 to 37 degrees C caused a 60% increase in the rate of O2 uptake but caused little oxidative stress as indicated by a constant level of reduced glutathione, a slight increase in oxidized glutathione, and no change in protein sulfhydryls. Heat shock resulted in a pronounced accumulation of HSPs which was not inhibited by anoxic conditions. A different HSP inducer, reoxygenation following anoxia, resulted in an overall inhibition of respiration, the appearance of CN -insensitive O2 uptake, a 50% decrease in the level of reduced glutathione and a fourfold increase in the ratio of oxidized to reduced glutathione. Despite these indicators of oxidative stress, HSP synthesis was less pronounced than observed during heat shock and was not affected by antioxidants. Oxidative stress may induce HSP synthesis in some cases but is not responsible for HSP synthesis during a heat shock.     

Heat shock proteins with an emphasis on HSP 60

Molecular Biology Reports - Heat shock phenomenon is a process by which cells express a set of proteins called heat shock proteins (HSPs) against heat stress. HSPs include several families...     

Changes in protein composition ofSaccharomyces brewing strains in response to heat shock and ethanol stress

Summary Heat shock and ethanol stress of brewing yeast strains resulted in the induction of a set of proteins referred to as heat shock proteins (HSPs). At least six strongly induced HSPs were identified in a lager brewing strain and four HSPs in an ale brewing strain. Four of these HSPs with molecular masses of approximately 70, 38, 26 and 23 kDa were also identified in two laboratory strains ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae. The appearance of HSPs correlated with increased survival of strains at elevated temperatures and high concentrations of ethanol. These results suggest that HSPs may play a role in the ethanol and thermotolerance of yeasts. The properties of these proteins and membrane fatty acids in relation to heat and ethanol shock are being investigated.     

昆虫的热休克反应和热休克蛋白

热休克（热激heatshock）是指短暂、迅速地向高温转换所诱导出的一种固定的应激反应。诱导该反应的温度在种与种之间有所不同。热休克反应最明显的特征是：伴随着正常蛋白质合成的抑制,一部分特殊蛋白质的诱导和表达增加,即为热休克蛋白（heatshockproteins,HSPs）。尽管热休克蛋白的合成也能被其它形式的应激反应所诱导,将它们认为是应激蛋白可能更恰当,但人们习惯上仍将这类蛋白质称为热休克蛋白。由于热休克反应和热休克蛋白是在果蝇（Drosophiliamelanogaster）中最初发现的,故在昆虫中,特别是果蝇等双翅目昆虫中研究得较深入…     

A heat shock protein localized to chloroplasts is a member of a eukaryotic superfamily of heat shock proteins.

We have isolated cDNA clones from soybean and pea that specify nuclear-encoded heat shock proteins (HSPs) which localize to chloroplasts. The mRNAs for these HSPs are undetectable at control temperatures, but increase approximately 150-fold during a 2-h heat shock. Hybridization-selection followed by in vitro translation demonstrates that these HSPs are synthesized as precursor proteins which are processed by the removal of 5-6.5 kd during import into isolated chloroplasts. The nucleotide sequence of the cDNAs shows the derived amino acid sequences of the mature pea and soybean proteins are 79% identical. While the predicted transit peptide encoded by the pea cDNA has some characteristics typical of transit sequences, including high Ser content, multiple basic residues and no acidic residues, it lacks two domains proposed to be important for import and maturation of other chloroplast proteins. The carboxy-terminal region of the chloroplast HSP has significant homology to cytoplasmic HSPs from soybean and other eukaryotes. We hypothesize that the chloroplast HSP shares a common structural and functional domain with low mol. wt HSPs which localize to other parts of the cell, and may have evolved from a nuclear gene.     

植物热激蛋白的功能及其基因表达的调控

本文介绍了植物热激蛋白的产生、分布和分类。着重论述了热激反应的特点、植物热激蛋白的功能、热激基因表达与调控的研究进展     

Nuclear localization and the heat shock proteins

The highly conserved heat shock proteins (HSP) belong to a subset of cellular proteins that localize to the nucleus. HSPs are atypical nuclear proteins in that they localize to the nucleus selectively, rather than invariably. Nuclear localization of HSPs is associated with cell stress and cell growth. This aspect of HSPs is highly conserved with nuclear localization occurring in response to a wide variety of cell stresses. Nuclear localization is likely important for at least some of the heat shock proteins’ protective functions; little is known about the function of the heat shock proteins in the nucleus. Nuclear localization is signalled by the presence of a basic nuclear localization sequence (NLS) within a protein. Though most is known about HSP 72’s nuclear localization, the NLS(s) has not been definitively identified for any of the heat shock proteins. Likely more is involved than presence of a NLS; since the heat shock proteins only localize to the nucleus under selective conditions, nuclear localization must be regulated. HSPs also function as chaperons of nuclear transport, facilitating the movement of other macromolecules across the nuclear membrane. The mechanisms involved in chaperoning of proteins by HSPs into the nucleus are still being identified.     

植物热激蛋白的功能及其基因表达的调控

本文介绍了植物热激蛋白的产：生、分布和分类。着重论述了热激反应的特点、植物热激蛋白的功能、热激基因表达与调控的研究进展。