葛根有效成分抑制酪氨酸酶活性的研究

为了探讨葛根对酪氨酸酶的抑制作用,将葛根用75%(v/v)的乙醇水溶液回流提取,用不同极性的溶剂萃取,经硅胶柱层析和重结晶后,分别检测对酪氨酸酶的抑制率.结果表明,在萃取物中,葛根的乙酸乙酯萃取物对酪氨酸酶的抑制率最高,为61.2%;硅胶柱层析分离得到的一部分层析物对酪氨酸酶的抑制率为89.2%,它对酪氨酸酶的抑制作用明显强于其它柱层析组分,该层析物纯化后得到的葛根素对酪氨酸酶的抑制率与浓度呈非线性变化,以熊果苷为阳性对照物.上述研究为进一步开发葛根中的美白成分提供了依据.     

中药美白成分的复配及复方中药发酵液的功效

【目的】通过中药美白成分的复配,进而研究复方中药发酵液活性成分及功效性。【方法】以酪氨酸酶抑制率为指标研究最佳复配含量,采用分光光度法测定复方中药发酵液中总酚、多糖、黄酮、蛋白质含量,通过HPLC技术进行氨基酸分析,抗氧化能力通过总还原力和自由基清除试验进行评价,通过酪氨酸酶活性抑制实验进行美白功效分析。【结果】正交实验得出4种中药美白成分中覆盆子对酪氨酸酶抑制效果最好;复方中药发酵液中多酚、多糖、黄酮和蛋白质含量分别为147.80、4.36、1.17、2.22 g/kg;复方中药发酵液具有较高的总还原力、羟自由基清除能力和DPPH自由基清除能力;5%(W/V)复方中药发酵液的酪氨酸酶活性抑制率为82.41%。【结论】复方中药发酵液中含有多种活性成分,具有一定的抗氧化和美白功效。     

糖枣多糖经硫酸化修饰前后对酪氨酸酶抑制作用分析

为促进湖南地区枣果资源的开发与利用,探索糖枣多糖对酪氨酸酶活性的影响。以三年生糖枣为试材,将其水提多糖依次采用DEAE-52纤维素和Sephadex G-100葡聚糖柱层析,分离出多糖组分;分别测定各组分多糖经硫酸化修饰前后对酪氨酸酶的抑制作用,并对抑制活性最强的部分进行动力学研究。结果表明:DT_(B3)的酶活性抑制率最高,达到77.94%,DT_C的酶活性抑制率次之为69.93%,其余组分对酶活性抑制率均小于50%;经硫酸化修饰后,多糖组分DT_(B3)和DT_C对酪氨酸酶抑制率变化较小,DT_A、DT_(B1)、DT_(B2)对酪氨酸酶抑制率在原有的基础上都有较大的提高,分别提高了60.19%、41.66%、29.55%,其抑制率分别达到了56.54%、58.53%、61.60%,但都远低于70%。同时DT_(B3)能在短时间内与酶快速的结合,并显示出较强的活性抑制能力,且呈现非竞争性抑制类型。由上可知,各组分多糖对酪氨酸酶活性抑制率的大小存在一定的差异,多糖经硫酸化修饰后对酪氨酸酶的抑制率具有一定的影响,糖枣多糖中DT_(B3)对酪氨酸酶具有较高的抑制作用,存在一定的开发利用价值。     

甘草酸与三价铬的配位反应研究

中药配合物新药是中药新药研制的新思路。本文通过正交实验和单因素实验研究了溶剂、温度、pH值对甘草酸与铬(Ⅲ)离子配位的影响,并利用红外光谱研究反应物的比例对配位反应的影响。结果表明,最佳的配合反应条件是pH 5.0、乙醇浓度10%(v/v)和温度30℃;反应物比例不同,所得配合物的红外光谱基本一致。     

45味中药乙醇提取物中对酪氨酸酶的激活作用

从中医治疗白癜风方剂中筛选出中药45味,观察这些中药50%乙醇提取物对蘑菇酪氨酸酶和无细胞系统多巴色素自动氧化生成黑素量的影响.结果显示有21味中药乙醇提取物在3个不同浓度对蘑菇酪氨酸酶活性、黑素生成具有激活作用,其中女贞子、梅花和八角茴香对酪氨酸酶的激活作用较明显;同时分析了其中有激活作用的中药的功用等分类情况,以探...     

叔丁醇体系中复合酶催化餐饮废油制备生物柴油工艺优化

以叔丁醇为反应体系,研究固定化Novozym 435 和Lipozyme TLIM 脂肪酶协同催化餐饮废油合成生物柴油.采用5 因素5 水平响应面法优化工艺参数,最佳工艺条件为:复合酶用量4%( wt.)、复合酶配比1:1(w/w),油/醇摩尔比1:5,反应温度50℃,叔丁醇用量50%(油体积比v/v).在此条件下反应10 h,生物柴油转化率为83.65 %.复合酶操作稳定性较高,重复使用10 个批次,生物柴油转化率仍保持在80% 以上.     

梳棉状嗜热真菌发酵产耐热木聚糖酶培养条件的优化

通过多个单因素实验对该菌株发酵产酶的培养条件进行优化,包括碳源、氮源、无机盐、培养基起始pH、培养时间以及培养温度等因素,得出了一个适合该嗜热真菌产酶发酵的条件:麸皮浓度为4%(w/v)、牛肉膏浓度为0.5%(w/v)、NaCl浓度为0.25%(w/v)、K_2HPO_4浓度为0.2%(w/v)、CaCl_2浓度为0.02%(w/v)。培养基初始pH为7.0,装液量为60 mL,发酵温度为55℃,发酵时间为60 h,摇瓶转速为125 r/min。优化之后酶活可达到68.5 U/mL,比未优化之前提高了71.2%。嗜热真菌可以利用麸皮、玉米芯粉等农业废弃物作为能源产木聚糖酶,既可以很好地处理此类农业副产品,又可以获得对人类有利的产物。     

塔拉单宁水解酶产生条件的研究

微生物通过发酵产酶可以将植物单宁降解成小分子酚类化合物或其衍生物,但培养条件对其产酶影响很大。论文采用固态培养法,对黑曲霉产生塔拉单宁水解酶的条件进行了研究。结果表明,当培养液中塔拉单宁浓度为75 g/L、葡萄糖浓度为3 g/L、(NH4)2SO4浓度为0.2 g/L2、50 mL锥形瓶装液量为25 mL、惰性载体用量为5.6%(w/v)、起始pH为5.5、接种量为12%(v/v)、30℃培养72 h时,该黑曲霉产生的塔拉单宁水解酶活力可达到44.29 U/mL,是其自然条件下酶活力(24.09 U/mL)的1.84倍;没食子酸产率达到79.3%。研究结果对于揭示塔拉单宁生物降解的机理具有一定的参考价值。     

八肽胆囊收缩素对家兔内毒素休克时肺动脉张力的影响

为探讨八肽胆囊收缩素(CCK-8)缓解内毒素休克(ES)时肺动脉血压(PAP)增高的机制,观察了CCK-8对脂多糖(LPS)引起家兔ES时PAP变化以及离体肺动脉环(PARs)张力改变的影响。实验用新西兰大耳白雄性家兔40只,分为颈静脉注入LPS(8mg／kg i．v.)复制的家兔ES模型、LPS注入前15min给CCK-8(15μg/kg,i.v.)、LPS注入前15min给CCK受体拮抗剂丙谷胺(Pro 1mg／kg,i.v.)、单独注入CCK-8(15μg/kg,i.v.)和注射生理盐水(对照)共5组。用生理记录仪监测平均动脉压(MAP)和PAP的变化;5h后制备PARs,应用血管张力测定技术,检测各组PARs张力。结果为：(1)ES时MAP降低、PAP升高,CCK-8可完全翻转ES时PAP的增高,而Pro加剧ES时PAP的增高;(2)LPS组的PARs对苯肾上腺素(PE)的收缩反应增强,对ACh内皮依赖性舒张反应降低,而CCK-8可逆转LP5的上述作用。上述结果提示CCK—8可缓解ES时的PAP升高,这可能与其调节肺动脉张力改变有关。     

不同念珠藻的提取物对酪氨酸酶活性的抑制作用

研究了Nostoc sp.FACHB87、 Nostoc paludosum FACHB89等10株念珠藻的甲醇提取物对酪氨酸酶的抑制作用.结果表明,随着提取物浓度的升高,对酪氨酸酶的抑制作用也增强.其中Nostoc sp.FACHB892的甲醇提取物对酪氨酸酶抑制作用最强,在33.3 μg/mL的最高测试浓度下,抑制率可达到60.54%;Nostoc sp.FACHB95、 Nostoc sp.FACHB106、 N.punctiforme FACHB252、N.calcicola FACHB389和N.parmiloides FACHB392的甲醇提取物,在33.3 μg/mL的最高测试浓度下, 抑制率分别为41.55%、 37.58%、46.94%、52.12%和47.95%.Nostoc sp.FACHB892的甲醇提取物对酪氨酸酶的抑制作用表现为可逆抑制,抑制类型为非竞争型抑制.     

太湖地区稻种资源的化感特性鉴定

从江苏省农业科学院粮食作物研究所保存的近万份稻种资源中,取出太湖流域地方品种1670份,测定它们的化感作用,从中发现对油菜(Brassicacampestris L,)生长有轻微影响的品种35份,对油菜生长有抑制作用的品种68份,对油菜生长有致死作用的品种49份。这种抑制作用是否可以作用于水田杂草,还需要进一步的实验证据,但已可以证明水稻种质资源中确实存在着具有化感作用潜质的品种。     

Screening of chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Artemisia essential oils

The chemical composition of essential oils isolated from aerial parts of seven wild sages from Western Canada – Artemisia absinthium L., Artemisia biennis Willd., Artemisia cana Pursh, Artemisia dracunculus L., Artemisia frigida Willd., Artemisia longifolia Nutt. and Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt., was investigated by GC–MS. A total of 110 components were identified accounting for 71.0–98.8% of the oil composition. High contents of 1,8-cineole (21.5–27.6%) and camphor (15.9–37.3%) were found in Artemisia cana, A. frigida, A. longifolia and A. ludoviciana oils. The oil of A. ludoviciana was also characterized by a high content of oxygenated sesquiterpenes with a 5-ethenyltetrahydro-5-methyl-2-furanyl moiety, of which davanone (11.5%) was the main component identified. A. absinthium oil was characterized by high amounts of myrcene (10.8%), trans-thujone (10.1%) and trans-sabinyl acetate (26.4%). A. biennis yielded an oil rich in (Z)-beta-ocimene (34.7%), (E)-beta-farnesene (40.0%) and the acetylenes (11.0%) (Z)- and (E)-en-yn-dicycloethers. A. dracunculus oil contained predominantly phenylpropanoids such as methyl chavicol (16.2%) and methyl eugenol (35.8%). Artemisia oils had inhibitory effects on the growth of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis), yeasts (Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans), dermatophytes (Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum canis, and Microsporum gypseum), Fonsecaea pedrosoi and Aspergillus niger. A. biennis oil was the most active against dermatophytes, Cryptococcus neoformans, Fonsecaea pedrosoi and Aspergillus niger, and A. absinthium oil the most active against Staphylococcus strains. In addition, antioxidant (beta-carotene/linoleate model) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities were determined, and weak activities were found for these oils.     

Micropropagation of four Gentiana species (G. lutea, G. cruciata, G. purpurea and G. acaulis)

The growth of axillary shoots was initiated on nodal stem segments, excised from aseptically grown seedlings of Gentiana acaulis L., G. cruciata L., G. lutea L. and G. purpurea L. In later subcultures, a basal callus tissue developed on the shoots, giving rise to de novo formed buds. Optimum benzyladenine and indoleacetic acid combinations for shoot development were established. They were slightly different in the four species. From 35-70% of shoots rooted spontaneously, except in G. lutea, in which adventitious roots were induced by applying naphthaleneacetic acid. It was conduded that the four Gentiana species were amenable to propagation in vitro. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Hemoglobin (Erythrogen™)-enhanced mitotic division and plant regeneration from cultured rice protoplasts (Oryza sativa L.)

Supplementation of culture medium with hemoglobin solution (Erythrogen™) promoted mitotic division, cell colony formation, and plant regeneration from rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Taipei 309) protoplasts. The mean (± s.e.m., N = 5) final protoplast plating efficiency (FPE) at 28 days following exposure to 1:50 (v:v) Erythrogen™ (0.55 ± 0.06%) was significantly greater (P < 0.01) than in untreated controls (0.26 ± 0.02%). A similar, but less pronounced effect (P < 0.01) also occurred with 1:100 (v:v) (PE 0.53 ± 0.04%) and 1:500 (v:v) (PE 0.46 ± 0.05%) Erythrogen™, respectively. In contrast, there was no corresponding increase in plating efficiency with Erythrogen™ at 1:1,000 (v:v). These beneficial effects were sustained throughout culture. This leads to a 44% increase (P < 0.01) in protoplast-derived calli producing shoots compared to controls. Cytological analyses confirmed the diploid status of plants regenerated from Erythrogen™-treated and control protoplasts.     

同时提取光果甘草中光甘草定和甘草酸的工艺研究

本文主要对光果甘草中光甘草定、甘草酸两种重要活性成分的同时提取工艺进行了研究。通过单因素试验确定了影响提取的主要因素及适宜水平范围,通过正交试验确定了其最佳提取条件为:用含0.6%氨水的60%乙醇溶液作为提取剂,料液比为1∶20(w:v),在75℃条件下提取2 h。最佳提取条件下光甘草定的得率为0.238%±0.002%,甘草酸的得率为5.08%±0.03%。该工艺操作简单,投入一批原料,即可同时提取其中的光甘草定和甘草酸,为实现甘草资源高附加值的综合加工利用奠定了基础。     

芦笋皂苷的提取纯化及其糖基组成

芦笋皂苷是以芦笋下脚料为原料提取出来的一种糖甙化合物。目的是充分利用再生资源,变废为宝,同时解决芦笋下脚料废弃物所造成的环境污染问题。实验探讨了乙醇浓度、液料比、温度、时间等工艺条件对芦笋皂苷提取率的影响,筛选出最佳提取工艺:乙醇浓度95 %、液料比(V/W)为6∶1、温度90℃、时间4h。从新鲜芦笋下脚料、芦笋干品提取皂苷的平均得率分别为1.70 %、4.01%。芦笋皂苷经氧化铝柱层析分离,以40%乙醇的溶液为洗脱剂,洗出曲线为单一对称峰。采用UV、IR、HPLC等色谱对芦笋皂苷的结构特点、糖基组成进行初步分析。结果显示芦笋皂苷具有呋喃甾烷的结构特征,其糖基由木糖(Xyl)、岩藻糖(Fuc)、阿拉伯糖(Ara)组成,摩尔比为Xyl∶Fuc∶Ara =1 0∶0 13∶19 4 2 ,平均分子质量(Mw)为185 0 0。     

The Compatibility of d-Pinitol and 1d-1-O-Methyl-Muco-Inositol with Malate Dehydrogenase Activity

Pinitol (1d -3-O-methyl-chiro-inositol) and 1d -1-O-methyl-muco-inositol, two cyclitols wide-spread in the plant kingdom, were isolated from plant sources in order to test their compatibility with malate dehydrogenase activity. Both compounds had no inhibitory effect on malate dehydrogenase from Rhizophora mangle in a range of 100 to 1000 mol . m^?3. Their influence on malate dehydrogenase activity from different plant sources (Rh. mangle L., Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L., Cicer arietinum L. and Spinacia oleracea L.) was also small and similar to that observed for a number of well established compatible solutes (e.g. proline, glycine betaine). A possible role of cyclitols as cryoprotectants or radical scavengers is discussed.     

壶瓶碎米荠(Cardamine Hupingshanesis)胚和胚乳发育的研究

壶瓶碎米荠（Cardamine Hupingshanesis.）是十字花科中以营养体繁殖的多年生植物,在自然条件下,种子不易萌芽成苗。本文以碎米荠、油菜为对照材料对壶瓶碎米荠的胚胎发育进行了观察。壶瓶碎米荠胚发育经球形胚、心形胚、鱼雷形胚和子叶胚四个时期,属柳叶菜型。胚乳发育属核型发育类型,其胚胎发育过程和成熟胚结构与节状聚积和胚乳吸器,而壶瓶碎米荠和碎米荠无此类结构。通过胚胎发育观察证明,壶瓶碎米荠种胚结构完整,其种子不易萌发成苗可能与其特殊的生理原因有关。     

金龙胆草提取液体外抑菌活性分析

金龙胆草是传统道地中药材,但目前受到材料来源不足的限制,其应用和研究均受到很大限制,为更好地开发和应用该道地中药材,本研究以实验室野生金龙胆草和组培金龙胆草出发,分别采用热水浴和索式提取法对金龙胆草有效成份进行了提取和体外抑菌活性研究。结果表明,热水浴浸提法的抑菌效果优于索式提取法,均表现出对金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌这类革兰氏阳性菌有很好的抑制效果,最小抑菌浓度分别达到12.5 mg/mL和50 mg/mL。野生型提取液和组培型的提取液体外抑菌比较实验显示,野生型金龙胆草的抑菌效果要显著优于组培型金龙胆草提取液。这将为金龙胆草作为中药抗菌药的合理利用提供一定的指导作用,同时为减少抗生素的滥用造成的环境污染作出一定的贡献。     

Protective effect of safranal on pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in the rat: Involvement of GABAergic and opioids systems

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of safranal, an active constituent of Crocus sativus L. stigmas, on seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) microinjection of safranal (4.84, 9.68 and 24.2 micromol) had no effects on tonic and clonic phases as well as mortality upon seizures induced by PTZ (90mg/kg body wt., i.p.). Peripheral administration of safranal (72.75, 145.5 and 291 mg/kg body wt., i.p.), however, induced a dose-dependent decrease in the incidence of both minimal clonic seizures (MCS) (145.5 mg/kg body wt., p<0.01) and generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) (145.5 mg/kg body wt., p<0.001) following PTZ administration. Safranal also increased MCS and GTCS latency, significantly. Percent of protection against GTCS was 30%, 100% and 100% and mortality protection percent was 40%, 100% and 100% for the mentioned doses, respectively. Pretreatment with flumazenil (5 nmol, i.c.v.) and naloxone (5.5 nmol, i.c.v. and 2 mg/kg body wt., i.p.), 15 min prior to safranal administration (145.5 mg/kg body wt., i.p.), abolished the protective effect of safranal on MCS. Flumazenil also decreased the effect of safranal on incidence as well as latency of GTCS, significantly. These effects were not, however, significant for naloxone (5.5 nmol, i.c.v. and 2mg/kg body wt., i.p.). Results of this study demonstrated that safranal could exert anticonvulsant activity in the PTZ model and this effect may be mediated, at least partly, through GABA(A)-benzodiazepine receptor complex.