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吉林省新纪录东方蝙蝠Vespertilio sinensis (Peters, 1880)的回声定位声波特征与分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对吉林省长春市采集到的11只蝙蝠标本的外形、头骨、牙齿和阴茎骨进行测量与对照,鉴定为东方蝙蝠(Vespertilio sinensis),是吉林省翼手目新纪录.用实时录音的超声波仪录制其正常飞行状态下的回声定位声波.结果表明,东方蝙蝠发出短的、宽带的、多谐波的陡坡调频型回声定位声波,能量主要集中在第1谐波.起始频率为83.66±2.08 kHz,峰频为34.54±0.88 kHz,终止频率为24.78±0.41 kHz,带宽为58.84±2.10 kHz,声脉冲持续时间和声脉冲间隔分别为2.63±0.27 ms和61.67±7.5 ms. 相似文献
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环境噪声会降低动物声信号可探测性,是动物声信号进化的压力。为了避免人工噪声干扰,多数脊椎动物调整其叫声的频谱-时间结构,如采用延长叫声持续时间、提高频率和增加强度等策略。本研究选择回声定位声波频率范围与交通噪声频率范围相互重叠的东方蝙蝠(Vespertilio sinensis)为研究对象,在自然条件下开展实验,研究交通噪声对蝙蝠回声定位声波的影响。本实验选择交通噪声强度存在差异的两个样点,分别录制东方蝙蝠的回声定位声波,分析其结构参数。在交通噪声强度较高的样点,东方蝙蝠回声定位声波的持续时间、斜率均未显著改变,但起始频率、主频、终止频率及带宽均显著提高。结果表明,东方蝙蝠的回声定位行为在交通噪声干扰下具有明显的可塑性。 相似文献
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为探讨旧大陆食果和食蜜蝙蝠的食性类型不同是否造成其取食器官舌长度及结构的差异,本研究以2种食果蝙蝠犬蝠(Cynopterus sphinx)和棕果蝠(Rousettus leschenaultii)以及1种食蜜蝙蝠长舌果蝠(Eonycteris spelaea)为研究对象,比较了这3个物种间舌的差异.犬蝠、棕果蝠和长舌果蝠伸入直径为2 cm试管的最大舌长度L1(包括伸入试管的吻部和吻部以外的舌长)分别为(29.19±0.52)mm、(35.05±0.82) mm、(49.34±1.64) mm;伸出吻端外部的舌长L3分别为(16.25±0.53)mm、(19.25±0.79) mm、(31.88 ± 1.56) mm;与体重转换后的最大舌长度,即转换L1分别为(8.57±0.17) mm/g1/3、(7.90 ±0.27) mm/g1/3、(12.41 ±0.40) mm/g1/3;与体重转换后的伸出吻端外部的舌长,即转换L3分别为(4.77±0.16) mm/g1/3、(4.34±0.22) mm/g1/3、(8.01 ±0.38) mm/g1/3;与体重转换后的解剖舌长分别为(5.56 ±0.16) mm/g1/3、(5.35 ±0.14) mm/g1/3、(6.65±0.38)mm/g1/3.此5个参数种间比较均差异显著,食蜜类的长舌果蝠的5个参数均显著长于食果类犬蝠和棕果蝠的相应参数.通过比较3种蝙蝠的舌结构发现,长舌果蝠的舌尖尖细且具有毛刷状丝状乳头结构,舌面及两侧凹槽较多;犬蝠和棕果蝠的舌尖钝圆,舌面乳头和凹槽较少而平缓.本文结果表明,旧大陆食蜜蝙蝠与食果蝙蝠在舌长度和舌结构上存在明显差异,可能与捕食行为的差异有关. 相似文献
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2019年7月于海南岛儋州市石花水洞网捕到1只蝙蝠,形态特征、头骨特征及线粒体Cyt b基因序列鉴定证实其为长舌果蝠(Eonycteris spelaea),该物种为海南岛蝙蝠分布新记录种。其主要鉴别特征为:中等体型,前臂长69.6 mm;第二指无爪;有一短尾,尾长12.9 mm,明显突出于股膜之后;肛腺发达;头骨较大,头骨和吻部相对较长,颅全长35.2 mm,吻长11.4 mm。本文报道了海南岛长舌果蝠的外部形态、头骨特征以及基于Cyt b基因序列的系统发育树结果,并与该物种已报道的数据进行了比较。 相似文献
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除两极外,蝙蝠在世界各地广泛分布。随着人类活动范围不断扩大,与其接触的风险随之加大,例如蝙蝠飞入人类住宅现象时有发生,但目前缺少对此冲突解决方案的研究。本研究于2021年5至7月在吉林省长春市四家乡采集东方蝙蝠(Vespertilio sinensis)样本,随后将样本放入废弃住宅,将人为驱赶、灯光、噪音3种干扰因素自由组合,设置8种干扰模式,分别为无干扰、仅灯光干扰、灯光加人为驱赶、仅人为驱赶、仅噪音干扰、人为驱赶加噪音干扰、灯光加噪音干扰、人为驱赶加灯光加噪音干扰,每种模式进行7次实验,每次实验放入1只蝙蝠个体并记录其飞出废弃住宅所用时间。结果显示,仅灯光干扰实验中蝙蝠未飞出住宅,其中,使用50 W灯源时2.00 h无飞行行为,使用20 W灯源时超过30.00 min未飞出;多重比较分析结果显示,在无干扰模式中飞出用时最短,平均(5.14 ± 2.41)min;灯光加人为驱赶干扰模式中飞出用时最长,平均(22.71 ± 2.06)min;仅人为驱赶、仅噪音干扰、人为驱赶加噪音干扰、灯光加噪音干扰、人为驱赶加灯光加噪音干扰模式飞出用时无显著差异(P > 0.05),平均(12.60 ± 6.15)min。上述结果表明,不设置任何干扰是使蝙蝠飞出住宅最有效的解决方案。此结论为人类与蝙蝠相处方式的发展提供科学依据和理论基础。 相似文献
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为探讨旧大陆食果和食蜜蝙蝠的食性类型不同是否造成其取食器官舌长度及结构的差异,本研究以2种食果蝙蝠犬蝠(Cynopterus sphinx)和棕果蝠(Rousettus leschenaultii)以及1种食蜜蝙蝠长舌果蝠(Eonycteris spelaea)为研究对象,比较了这3个物种间舌的差异。犬蝠、棕果蝠和长舌果蝠伸入直径为2 cm试管的最大舌长度L1(包括伸入试管的吻部和吻部以外的舌长),分别为(29.19?0.52)mm、(35.05?0.82)mm、(49.34?1.64)mm;伸出吻端外部的舌长L3分别为(16.25?0.53)mm、(19.25?0.79)mm、(31.88?1.56)mm;与体重转换后的最大舌长度,即转换L1分别为(8.57?0.17)mm/3√g、(7.90?0.27)mm/3√g、(12.41?0.40)mm/3√g;与体重转换后的伸出吻端外部的舌长,即转换L3分别为(4.77?0.16)mm/3√g、(4.34?0.22)mm/3√g、(8.01?0.38)mm/3√g;与体重转换后的解剖舌长分别为(5.56?0.16)mm/3√g、(5.35?0.14)mm/3√g、(6.65?0.38)mm/3√g。此5个参数种间比较均差异显著,食蜜类的长舌果蝠的5个参数均显著长于食果类犬蝠和棕果蝠的。通过比较3种蝙蝠的舌结构发现,长舌果蝠的舌尖尖细且具有毛刷状丝状乳头结构,舌面及两侧凹槽较多;犬蝠和棕果蝠的舌尖钝圆,舌面乳头和凹槽较少而平缓。本文结果表明,旧大陆食蜜蝙蝠与食果蝙蝠在舌长度和舌结构上存在明显差异,可能与捕食行为上的差异有关。 相似文献
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正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases 相似文献
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Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme
responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare
the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show
that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by
distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of
demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least
one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of
the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable
potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs. 相似文献
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The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle. 相似文献
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Meng Miao Gang Deng Xiaobei Xiong Yang Qiu Wenda Huang Meng Yuan Fei Yu Shimei Bai Xi Zhou Xiaolu Zhao 《中国病毒学》2022,37(2):314-317
Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions. 相似文献
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions. 相似文献
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Dong Liu Xin Wang Yisong Wang Peigang Wang Dongying Fan Sichang Chen Yuguang Guan Tianfu Li Jing An Guoming Luan 《中国病毒学》2018,33(5):402-409
Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8+ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8+ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE. 相似文献
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Shen Jia-Yuan Li Man Xie Lyu Mao Jia-Rong Zhou Hong-Ning Wang Pei-Gang Jiang Jin-Yong An Jing 《中国病毒学》2021,36(1):145-148
正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016). 相似文献
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Renfei Lu Xiuming Wu Zhenzhou Wan Yingxue Li Lulu Zuo Jianru Qin Xia Jin Chiyu Zhang 《中国病毒学》2020,35(3):344-347
In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans. 相似文献