狐蝠科3种蝙蝠舌长度及结构比较

为探讨旧大陆食果和食蜜蝙蝠的食性类型不同是否造成其取食器官舌长度及结构的差异,本研究以2种食果蝙蝠犬蝠(Cynopterus sphinx)和棕果蝠(Rousettus leschenaultii)以及1种食蜜蝙蝠长舌果蝠(Eonycteris spelaea)为研究对象,比较了这3个物种间舌的差异.犬蝠、棕果蝠和长舌果蝠伸入直径为2 cm试管的最大舌长度L1(包括伸入试管的吻部和吻部以外的舌长)分别为(29.19±0.52)mm、(35.05±0.82) mm、(49.34±1.64) mm；伸出吻端外部的舌长L3分别为(16.25±0.53)mm、(19.25±0.79) mm、(31.88 ± 1.56) mm;与体重转换后的最大舌长度,即转换L1分别为(8.57±0.17) mm/g1/3、(7.90 ±0.27) mm/g1/3、(12.41 ±0.40) mm/g1/3；与体重转换后的伸出吻端外部的舌长,即转换L3分别为(4.77±0.16) mm/g1/3、(4.34±0.22) mm/g1/3、(8.01 ±0.38) mm/g1/3；与体重转换后的解剖舌长分别为(5.56 ±0.16) mm/g1/3、(5.35 ±0.14) mm/g1/3、(6.65±0.38)mm/g1/3.此5个参数种间比较均差异显著,食蜜类的长舌果蝠的5个参数均显著长于食果类犬蝠和棕果蝠的相应参数.通过比较3种蝙蝠的舌结构发现,长舌果蝠的舌尖尖细且具有毛刷状丝状乳头结构,舌面及两侧凹槽较多；犬蝠和棕果蝠的舌尖钝圆,舌面乳头和凹槽较少而平缓.本文结果表明,旧大陆食蜜蝙蝠与食果蝙蝠在舌长度和舌结构上存在明显差异,可能与捕食行为的差异有关.

Tongue Length and Structure of Three Bat Species in Pteropodidae

We studied differences between the size and surface of tongue among three of Old World bats (Pteropodidae, Chiroptera), two frugivorous species (Cynopterus sphinx and Rousettus leschenaultii) and one nectarivorous species (Eonycteris spelaea). The maximum tongue length were measured by two measurements of length inserted into the tube with diameter in 2 cm. L1 (including the snout and the tongue outside snout), and L3 (tongue length outside snout). The maximum of tongue length L1 was 29.19±0.52 mm for C.sphinx, 35.05±0.82 mm for R.leschenaultii, and 49.34±1.64 mm for E.spelaea; L3 in the three species were 16.25±0.53 mm, 19.25±0.79 mm, 31.88±1.56 mm, respectively. The two length measurements were converted with weight and resulted in 8.57±0.17 mm/g^1/3, 7.90±0.27 mm/g^1/3, 12.41±0.40 mm/g^1/3 for L1 in the three species and 4.77±0.16 mm/g^1/3, 4.34±0.22 mm/g^1/3, 8.01±0.38 mm/g^1/3 for L3; the anatomical tongue length after conversion were 5.56±0.16 mm/g^1/3, 5.35±0.14 mm/g^1/3, 6.65±0.38 mm/g^1/3, respectively. There were significant difference in these five variables among the three species, i.e. the value of five variables in nectarivorous bat were significantly longer than those of the other two frugivorous bats. By comparing tongue structure, we found that E.spelaea had a long and tapering brush-tipped tongue with many grooves on the surface and two sides, while the tips of C.sphinx and R.leschenaultia's tongues were blunt and with less grooves and brush structures. Our results indicated that the tongue length and structure between Old World nectarivorous and frugivorous bats were different, which may result from the difference of foraging behaviour.