浙江马鞍列岛海域潮间带底栖海藻分布特征

2007年3—7月对浙江马鞍列岛海域潮间带底栖海藻进行了调查,初步查明该海域潮间带底栖海藻的组成、分布情况和温度属性,并利用相似性指数（S_c）和相对重要性指数（IRI_c）分析了调查海域潮间带底栖海藻的优势种组成.结果表明：调查海域采集到的31种海藻隶属于3门24属,其中绿藻门5属7种,褐藻门5属8种,红藻门14属16种;在波浪和潮汐作用下,潮间带出现局限分布种和选择性分布种,孔石莼、鼠尾藻等在调查岛礁区域广有分布;红藻门种类在调查海域的出现频率为61.1%,为优势门类,绿藻门种类在该海域的总体水平分布基本呈均匀状态;81%的调查种类分布在低潮带,其中包括一些中潮带延伸种类,中、低潮带的海藻组成相似性值为0.47,并且中、低潮带的生境趋同效果大于高、中潮带.马鞍列岛潮间带底栖海藻具有明显的垂直分带现象,温水性种类占绝对优势,优势种多为暖温性种.该海域底栖海藻属于暖温带-亚热带过渡型海洋植物区系.     

嵊泗列岛潮间带大型海藻群落结构的季节变化

于2010年8月-2011年8月对嵊泗列岛潮间带大型海藻进行调查.结果表明:共有大型海藻114种,隶属3门53属,其中红藻门33属75种,占总数的65.8％,褐藻门13属21种,占18.4％,绿藻门7属18种,占15.8％;枸杞最多(87种),金平其次(42种),马关最少(26种);79.8％海藻分布在低潮带,62.3％分布在中潮带,种类组成相似性指数中、低潮带为0.57,高、中潮带为0.15,高、低潮带为0.06;种类组成夏季(57种)＞冬季(55种)＞春季(52种)＞秋季(46种),春季优势种有裙带菜、孔石莼、长石莼和厚膜藻等,夏季优势种为瓦氏马尾藻、粗枝软骨藻、鼠尾藻和麒麟菜等,秋季优势种为江蓠、小杉藻、鼠尾藻和石莼等,冬季优势种为萱藻、圆紫菜、鼠尾藻和日本多管藻等.     

南麂列岛砂质潮间带底栖硅藻多样性与群落结构的时空变化

为了解南麂列岛国家级海洋自然保护区砂质潮间带底栖硅藻多样性与群落结构的现状及近20多年来的变化,于2013年11月至2014年8月,对南麂列岛火焜岙砂质潮间带的底栖硅藻进行了4个季节的采样和研究,并与1981–1993年有关的历史资料进行了比较分析。本研究共鉴定底栖硅藻49属120种,海岸曲解藻(Fallacia litoricola)、史氏双壁藻(Diploneis smithii)、稀疏双壁藻(D.parca)等17种为目前的优势种。Shannon多样性指数在2.388–3.445之间,以春季最高,秋季最低;在空间分布上依次为:中潮区低潮区高潮区。相似性分析(analysis of similarities,ANOSIM)表明底栖硅藻群落在不同潮区间差异显著,而季节差异不显著。BIOENV分析显示盐度与底栖硅藻群落结构的相关性最高。本研究结果表明,南麂列岛砂质潮间带的底栖硅藻群落结构近几十年来已发生了明显变化。与1981–1993年南麂列岛的3次调查数据相比,目级阶元减少了2个,科级阶元增加了7个,而属级和种级阶元较过去的29属55种有了显著增加,这可能是分类研究强度增加所致。但分类学多样性降低,平均分类差异指数Δ+由过去的79.79降至71.41;且过去记录的大个体固着类群被现今的小个体固着类群和间隙运动类群(epipelon)所取代,这可能是火焜岙过去人类活动频繁、有机质过量排放的长期效应所致。     

庙子湖岛人工藻礁修复示范区内外海域夏季大型底栖生物群落结构

2012年9月在庙子湖岛选择人工藻礁修复示范区及附近海域作为样地,开展了人工藻礁修复示范区内外大型底栖生物群落结构的潜水调查,分析了大型底栖群落的种类组成、空间分布和生物多样性.共发现大型底栖海藻14种,大型底栖动物70种,在所有种类中,暖温性种类占绝对优势,优势种为瓦氏马尾藻、铜藻、带偏顶蛤和厚壳贻贝.在水平和垂直空间尺度上,示范区内外海域间的种类组成无明显差异,而整个海域种类组成随水深的变化差异显著,种类随水深增加而减少,并随水深变化划分为A、B两群落.受潮流和波浪的影响,示范区内外海域的生物数量分布差异显著.示范区的丰富度指数为12.25、多样性指数5.726、均匀度指数0.928.大型底栖生物群落处于稳定状态.     

盐城自然保护区射阳河口潮间带大型底栖动物空间分布与季节变化

2008年11月—2009年10月,在盐城自然保护区射阳河口潮间带按月份对大型底栖动物群落进行取样。共得到大型底栖动物16种,隶属3门4纲15科,为软体动物、节肢动物甲壳类和环节动物多毛类,其中,潮间带米草丛6种,高潮带光滩7种,中潮带光滩13种,低潮带光滩7种。对潮间带各样点的物种数、密度、生物量以及不同样点的生物多样性指数Margalef指数(S)、Shannon指数(H)、Pielou指数(J)和Simpson指数(D)进行样点-季节间无重复双因素方差分析,发现样点间物种数、密度和生物量差异极显著(所有P<0.01),三者季节间差异均不显著;样点间H、D和S差异显著(所有P<0.05),季节间差异均不显著;而季节间和样点间J差异均不显著。对四季4个样点的群落进行聚类和排序分析发现,中、高潮带光滩界限不明显,潮间带米草丛和低潮带光滩界限明显。结果表明:生境条件的不同是潮间带大型底栖动物群落组成差异的主要原因,同一生境大型底栖动物群落季节间差异不显著。     

广东鉴江水系底栖硅藻多样性与时空分布特征

为了解广东省鉴江水系底栖硅藻多样性和时空分布特征,对全流域进行了底栖硅藻采样调查。结果表明,从19个采样点4次采样中共检出底栖硅藻10科52属242种,其中舟形藻属(Navicula)、菱形藻属(Nitzschia)和异极藻属(Gomphonema)是优势类群,出现频次和相对丰度较高。硅藻多样性指数(丰富度、真香农多样性指数和真辛普森多样性指数)随河流等级呈现一定的空间分布特征,但它们季节变化不明显。底栖硅藻群落相异性在上游和下游河段较高,从一级到三级河流递减,四级河流又增加。底栖硅藻群落结构空间变化明显,季节变化显著。群落丰富度的稀疏曲线表明,热带河流底栖硅藻群落以400个体计数,不能完整反映底栖硅藻多样性。这些为鉴江水系河流健康监测和水生态保护奠定了基础。     

茅埏岛不同生境大型底栖动物生物多样性

2012年11月—2013年10月,对浙江台州茅埏岛不同生境下的大型底栖动物进行了4次取样调查,比较了红树林、互花米草和光滩生境下大型底栖动物的生物多样性及季节变化。共检出大型底栖动物48种,隶属8门9纲28科,其中软体动物、节肢动物和环节动物占总物种数的83.3%。用定量取样的密度数据计算大型底栖动物的Shannon指数、Pielou指数、Margalef指数、Simpson指数和G-F多样性指数,结果表明:互花米草生境在物种种数和栖息密度上均低于光滩和红树林生境,物种种数在季节上春夏两季高于秋冬两季;从Shannon指数和G-F多样性指数上看,红树林生境下大型底栖动物的多样性高于光滩与互花米草生境;红树林间,红树幼林大型底栖动物物种多样性低于6年生和8年生红树林,而科属多样性高于后两者。生境和季节是影响大型底栖动物分布的重要因素。     

珊瑚藻类对南麂列岛潮间带底栖生物群落多样性的影响

为了解南麂列岛潮间带珊瑚藻类对于其他大型藻类和底栖动物的影响, 在南麂列岛国家级海洋自然保护区布设了4条潮间带断面, 于2012年5月至2013年2月对其生物状况进行了逐季调查, 分别分析了中低潮区大型藻类、非珊瑚藻大型藻类、底栖动物的物种多样性和均匀度, 并计算了大型底栖动物的功能多样性指数Rao's Q。主要结果如下: (1)共采集和鉴定出大型藻类52种, 其中珊瑚藻科藻类有5种; (2)珊瑚藻类在高潮区没有分布, 在中低潮区均占据优势, 占潮间带藻类生物量的68.9%。四季中低潮区大型藻类的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数范围为1.638-4.044, 非珊瑚藻大型藻类的多样性指数范围为1.495-3.809, 底栖动物为5.289-6.917; 大型藻类的Pielou均匀度指数范围为0.819-0.971, 非珊瑚藻大型藻类的均匀度指数范围为0.830-0.973, 底栖动物为0.967-0.988; (3)大型藻类物种多样性和均匀度指数的降低与珊瑚藻类优势度的增加相关, 但珊瑚藻类优势度与底栖动物物种多样性指数、均匀度指数和功能多样性指数均没有显著相关性; (4)底栖动物功能多样性与珊瑚藻类优势度均呈低潮区高于中潮区的变化规律, 但相关性分析表明两者间并无直接联系。推测珊瑚藻类通过竞争占据了其他藻类的生存空间, 从而降低了南麂列岛潮间带大型藻类的物种多样性和均匀度。底栖动物则因其自身生活特点而使得珊瑚藻类的扩张未能影响其多样性水平。     

柘林湾-南澳岛潮间带冬夏两季大型底栖动物种类组成及优势种

依据柘林湾-南澳岛潮间带2011年8月、2012年2月、2013年2月和8月的大型底栖动物调查资料,对该海域潮间带的大型底栖动物种类组成和优势种进行研究。结果表明:4次调查共采集到大型底栖动物7门112种,主要由软体动物、节肢动物和环节动物3大类组成;总种类数夏季冬季;夏季2次调查的类群种类数组成存在显著性差异(P0.05),冬季2次调查不存在显著性差异(P0.05),冬夏两季不存在显著性差异(P0.05);冬季→夏季的种类更替率较高,该段时间内群落的变动相对较大,稳定性相对较低;4次调查出现优势种共有23种,优势种组成最多的为软体动物;柘林湾-南澳岛附近海域潮间带生物的种类和分布由底质类型决定,同时,人类活动对海域的生物生态也造成了一定的压力。     

渤海北部底栖海藻的初步研究

报道了渤海北部底栖海藻的种类组成、区系性质、群落结构和季节性变化。经调查,该海区隶属于蓝藻门、红藻门、褐藻门和绿藻门的底栖海藻共有１１９ 种,其中包括５７ 种经济海藻和７ 个新记录种。研究表明,渤海北部底栖海藻的温度性质以暖温带性为主,带有一定的亚热带性;其群落成分的季节性变化非常明显     

Spatial pattern of intertidal macroalgal assemblages associated with tidal levels

The zonation pattern of macroalgal assemblages was investigated from December 1995 to October 1996 on a semi-exposed, rocky intertidal shore at Chungdori (southwestern Korea) based on quantitative and qualitative estimates of species occurrences in 31 permanent quadrats. Variation in cover associated with tidal levels was described for 30 species (that could be discerned with the unaided eyes) including three green, five brown and 22 red algae. Macroalgae inhabiting intertidal zone exhibited distinct zonation patterns. The number of species increased with decreasing intertidal height and was independent of season. The community was dominated by five species (Gloiopeltis furcata, Gelidium divaricatum, Ulva pertusa, Sargassum horneri, Hizikia fusiformis). The intertidal assemblage at the study site can be divided into two groups based on the number of species and the population structure with the division occurring at the critical level of 34 cm above MLW (mean low water). Gloiopeltis furcata, Gelidium divaricatum, Sargassum thunbergii, Monostroma grevillei, and Myelophycus simplex were more abundant in the upper shore zone and rapidly declined in abundance with depth, relative to all other species. Gelidium amansii, Pachymeniopsis elliptica, Hizikia fusiformis, Gigartina intermedia, Laurencia sp., Chondrus ocellatus, Corallina spp. and Gigartina tenella became more dominant in the lower shore zone.     

烟台养马岛潮间带大型海藻分布特征及环境影响因素

2010年4月—2011年3月对烟台养马岛潮间带大型海藻进行了逐月调查.在养马岛潮间带共设置了A、B两个点,对大型海藻物种组成、生物量以及与环境变化的关系进行了研究.结果表明: 调查区域共有大型海藻35种,其中红藻24种,占总数的68.6%;绿藻6种,占总数的17.1%;褐藻5种,占总数的14.3%.夏季优势种以褐藻和绿藻为主,秋、冬、春季优势种以红藻和褐藻为主,鼠尾藻在各季节中均为优势种.大型海藻生物量呈现夏季高、冬季低的特点,生物量最高值出现在6月,A、B采样点大型海藻生物量最小值分别出现在1月和11月,具有温带海域藻类变化特点.温度、营养盐和pH对大型海藻生物量有显著影响.
     

Usefulness of tissue nitrogen content and macroalgal community structure as indicators of water eutrophication

We tested the hypothesis that the community structure and biochemical composition of macroalgae reflect the degree of nutrient concentrations in the water column. Benthic community structure and tissue nitrogen (N) content of macroalgae on intertidal rocky shores at three sites were investigated in relation to sewage effluents on Mireuk Island, Tongyeong city, on the southern coast of Korea. Ulva australis clearly dominated at site 1, which was close to a sewage treatment plant, where higher dissolved inorganic N and dissolved inorganic phosphate concentrations were observed. U. australis-dominated communities also appeared at site 2 (intermediate levels of nutrient enrichment). The macroalgal assemblage at site 3 (unimpacted site) was significantly different from those at sites 1 and 2. Five species (U. australis, Sargassum fusiforme, Grateloupia elliptica, Gelidium amansii, and Sargassum horneri) were dominant at site 3, representing 87 % of the total coverage throughout the study period. Species richness (d), evenness (J'), and diversity index (H') were highest at site 3, intermediate at site 2, and lowest at site 1, showing a negative relationship with nutrient levels. These results indicate that macroalgal community structure can be used as a bioindicator in water quality assessment. The tissue N content of green and red algae was responsive to nutrient availability, while the tissue N content of brown algae was relatively unchanged among the sites. This suggests that tissue N content as a bioindicator for detecting the influence of sewage effluent should be considered to reflect the N storage capacity of macroalgae.     

Diversity of epiphytic fungi on the surface of Kyoho grape berries during ripening process in summer and winter at Nanning region,Guangxi, China

The two-harvest-per-year farming system allow table grape to be harvested a year both in summer and winter in southern China. Herein, we used high-throughput sequencing to investigate the diversity of fungi on grape fruits surface during the ripening process in summer and winter at subtropical Nanning region, Guangxi, China. The results showed that 23 fungal species existed in all samples. Among them, the five most dominant species were Cladosporium ramotenellum, Pseudozyma aphidis, Gyrothrix spp., Gibberella intricans and Acremonium alternatum, with abundance from 61.62 % to 91.26 %. Analysis using the student's t-test for Shannon index indicated that components of fungal community varied significantly between the two ripening seasons. The dominant genera of core fungal community were Cladosporium, Gyrothrix, Paramycosphaerella, Acremonium, Penicillium and Tilletiopsis in the summer and Cladosporium, Pseudozyma, Gibberella, Colletotrichum, Sporobolomyces, Rhodosporidium, Alternaria and Aspergillus in the winter. Overall, fungi diversity on grape fruits surface at Nanning showed significantly differences between different ripening seasons. Our results ennrich the understanding of epiphytic communities of grape fruits in subtropics.     

Potential Economic seaweeds of Hengchun peninsula,Taiwan

There are 25 genera and 76 species of economically important marine algae found in the Hengchun Peninsula. The greatest number of useful species is found in the Rhodophyta. Sargassum is the most common genus of the Phaeophyta and has the largest biomass and the widest distribution, but fewer useful species. The local people harvest seaweeds from natural beds for food, fodder, fish bait, fertilizer and medical purposes. However, only a few of the available seaweeds are used and in small quantities. Most of the species are seasonal and more abundant in spring and winter than in the summer. Four genera,Sargassum,Enteromorpha,Ulva andCodium have large standing crops and are widely distributed in the coastal water. Production of the other genera is lower. There are many other useful seaweeds present in this area, some of which are also used as landscape plants in aquaria and as fertilizer in horticulture. The potential commercial uses forHalymenia microcarpa are also briefly discussed.     

鸭绿江口及邻近海域生物群落的胁迫响应

利用ABC曲线法结合粒径谱理论对鸭绿江口近岸海域的生物群落特征、优势种演替、多样性水平、稳定性状况等进行了分析,并尝试构建了鸭绿江口近岸海域生物群落稳定性的评估模型.研究结果表明,鸭绿江口滨海湿地生物群落结构相对简单,优势种演替明显,受外界干扰较大.春、夏季浮游植物以r-对策者为主,群落数量偏离平衡点;秋季以r-对策者为主的微小型浮游植物逐渐被中大型k-对策者演替,群落完成反馈调节,恢复到平衡点.浮游动物由于较高的能量供应其幼体全年一直处于较高优势水平,但生态效率转换相对较慢.潮间带底栖生物群落结构相对简单,优势种演替明显,系统具有低多样性低密度的特点,群落在夏季受外界扰动较大.游泳生物群落主要以小型个体为主,已处于极不稳定状态.构建的群落稳定性评估模型测算结果与上述结论基本一致,这也验证了该评估模型具有一定的有效性与实用性.综合以上分析结果,说明鸭绿江口近岸海域生物群落稳定性较差,受外界干扰比较严重.     

Sur la disparition progressive de Laminaria digitata sur les côtes du Calvados (France)

In comparison with results from 1983–1988, when a cartographic study was made on the distribution of the Laminariales and of Sargassum muticum in Lower Normandy (France), we note, on the Calvados coast, a regression of Laminaria digitata which has almost disappeared on the Grandcamp rocks. On the contrary, the growth of the populations of Sargassum muticum is very spectacular at Grandcamp; in summer, 80 % of the substratum in the lower parts of the intertidal zone and in the subtidal are covered by this species.