兰科虎舌兰属Epipogium种类增补与修订

报道日本虎舌兰Epipogium japonicum Makino在中国四川西部的新记录,并讨论了该种与虎舌兰E. roseum (D. Don) Lindl.的形态差异。过去将日本虎舌兰处理为虎舌兰的异名是不恰当的。日本虎舌兰间断分布于日本和中国的四川西部高海拔地区及台湾。     

耳唇槽舌兰——中国兰科一新种

对产于云南的兰科新种耳唇槽舌兰(Hotcoglossum auriculatum)进行了描述和绘图。该新种具有显著特征：萼片与花瓣基部有长爪;花瓣边缘具不规则齿或呈啮蚀状;唇瓣椭圆状圆形,边缘有短流苏或啮蚀状流苏,基部有爪和耳,极易区别于该属已知的种类,包括它的近缘种白唇槽舌兰(H．subulifolium)。     

龙舌兰麻种质的过氧化物同工酶研究

以23份龙舌兰麻种质的嫩叶为材料,采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直板凝胶电泳,分析它们的过氧化物(POD)同工酶酶谱特征,为杂交育种亲本选择提供依据.结果表明,23份材料显示出3～10条不等的酶带,有22种不同的酶谱类型,说明过氧化物同工酶酶谱可鉴定除'粤西117'和'东292'之外的21份龙舌兰麻种质;Rf为0.37的酶带为所有供试材料的共有谱带.DPS聚类分析结果表明,23份材料根据亲缘关系远近可分为3大类:第一类为包括'金边弧叶龙舌兰'、'弧叶龙舌兰'等在内的9份种质;第二类为包括'多叶普通剑麻'、'南亚2号'等在内的5份种质;第三类为包括'假菠萝麻'、'银边假菠萝麻'等在内的9份种质.     

龙舌兰麻种质资源抗斑马纹病鉴定研究

通过分离培养斑马纹病病原菌,人工接种鉴定不同龙舌兰麻种质的抗斑马纹病的特性.结果表明,番麻、东368、墨引6、墨引12、墨引7、墨引5、假7、马盖麻、东109、金边孤叶龙舌和兰墨引4号11份种质为高抗种质,病斑扩展速度和病情严重度可作为龙舌兰麻抗病性快速鉴定技术手段.     

苞舌兰的离体无性繁殖

InvitroClonalPropagationofSpathoglottisplicataCHENYong-Qin（GuizhouAgriculturalCollege,Guiyang550025）1植物名称苞舌兰（Spathoglottisplicata）。2材料类别茎段。3培养条件基本培养基为VW大量元素＋MS微量元素＋15％（体积比）椰子水。茎段培养基：基本培养基＋6－BA5．0mg·L－1（单位下同）＋NAA1．0；原球茎增殖培养基：基本培养基＋6-BA0．5＋NAA0．5；壮苗培养基：基本培养基十香蕉50．0g·L－1＋活性炭1．0g·L－1。以上培养基中蔗糖用量除原球茎增殖培养基为7．0g·L－1外，均为20．0g·L－1，琼脂用量为8．0…     

兰科舌唇兰属的一新亚属

笔者曾在1994年发表的“兰科植物区系中一些有意义属的地理分布格局的研究”一文中介绍了 此新亚属——显柱舌唇兰亚属的分布格局及其与舌唇兰亚属的区别。现将它正式发表。此新亚属含12种,其中1种为新组合种。     

四川凉山彝族舌运动类型的人类学研究

调查了314例（男204例,女116例）彝族中学生的5项舌运动类型（卷舌、叠舌、翻舌、尖舌、三叶舌）。结果表明：1）彝族卷舌、叠舌、翻舌、尖舌、三叶舌出现率分别为：73．57％、8．28％、22．29％、72．93％、1．59％。5种舌运动类型的出现率男女性别间均无显著性差畀;2）5项舌运动间相关性较小;3）尖舌基因与卷舌、翻舌基因均存在相关性,三叶舌与叠舌基因相关;4）聚类分析表明,彝族的舌运动类型与独龙族、布依族、仫佬族最为接近。     

中国兰科石豆兰属一新种

描述了中国石豆兰属Bulbophyllum一新种——天贵卷瓣兰（Bulbophyllum tianguii K．Y．Lang ＆ D．Luo）,并提供墨线图。该种产于广西乐业县,与富宁卷瓣兰B．funingense Z．H．Tsi＆S．C．Chen外貌颇相似,但中萼片先端渐尖并具3mm长的芒,侧萼片宽4～4．5mm,花瓣先端渐尖并具1．5mm长的芒,唇盘具2条肉质、具缘毛的纵脊,可与后者明显区别。     

中国西藏兰科植物新资料

中国西藏东南地区位于东喜马拉雅和印缅的交接处,是全球生物多样性的热点地区,尤其是位于该地区的墨脱,由于巨大的海拔高差,使该地区的植被类型呈显著的垂直地带性,且植物种类繁多、植被结构复杂。该文报道了西藏野生兰科植物新记录属3个,即线柱兰属(Zeuxine)、爬兰属(Herpysma)和槽舌兰属(Holcoglossum);新记录种27个,即白肋线柱兰(Zeuxine goodyeroides)、爬兰(Herpysma longicaulis)、小花槽舌兰(Holcoglossum himalaicum)、西南齿唇兰(Anoectochilus elwesii)、窄唇蜘蛛兰(Arachnis labrosa)、短足石豆兰(Bulbophyllum stenobulbon)、尖角卷瓣兰(B. forrestii)、南方虾脊兰(Calanthe lyroglossa)、泰国牛角兰(Ceratostylis siamensis)、金唇兰(Chrysoglossum ornatum)、格力贝母兰(Coelogyne griffithii)、云南贝母兰(C. assamica)、斑舌兰(Cymbidium tigrinum)、梳唇石斛(Dendrobium strongylanthum)、狭叶金石斛((D. angustifolium)、厚唇兰(D. mariae)、粗茎苹兰(Pinalia amica)、垂叶斑叶兰(Goodyera pendula)、绿花斑叶兰(G. viridiflora)、狭叶羊耳蒜(Liparis perpusilla)、小花羊耳蒜(L. platyrachis)、三裂羊耳蒜(L. mannii)、镰叶鸢尾兰(Oberonia falcata)、阔瓣鸢尾兰(O. latipetala)、凹唇石仙桃(Pholidota convallariae)、大苞兰(Sunipia scariosa)、滇南矮柱兰(Thelasis khasiana)。这些植物新资料的发现,对于丰富西藏植物种类以及对该地区物种多样性的保护和研究具有重要意义。     

中国附生舌唇兰一新记录植物——窄唇舌唇兰

报道了2017年发现于云南孟连县勐马镇腊福大黑山贺莫村附近海拔2 145m中山湿性常绿阔叶林的一种附生兰科植物——窄唇舌唇兰[Platanthera angustilabris Seidenf.]在中国的新分布记录,该物种过去记录仅分布在缅甸、泰国和越南。窄唇舌唇兰与长瓣舌唇兰相近,但前者的窄披针形叶片长度可以达到15cm,后者的披针形叶片仅可达7cm。凭证标本存放于中国科学院昆明植物研究所标本馆(KUN)。     

四川细辛属植物的地理分布

<正> 《中华人民共和国药典》规定,中药细辛原植物为辽细辛(Asarum heteropoidesvar.mandshuricum)和华细辛(A.sieboldii)。但上述一种植物的分布和产量均有限,致使细辛药村供应紧缺。据调查,四川细辛属植物在各产地均供药用,为了开发药源,并对该属植物深入研究,以便引种栽培。本文报告细辛属植物在四川的地理分布情况及其规律特点,以供进一步研究参考。     

中国春孢锈菌属增补

本文对我国春孢锈菌属(形式属)增补了以下9个种：1．腺梗菜春孢锈菌Aecidium adenocauli Syd． 寄主：腺梗菜Adenocaulon himalaicum Edgew (菊科Compositae) 2．臭椿春孢锈菌(新种) Aecidium ailanthi J．Y．Zhuang sp．nov．寄主：臭椿 Ailanthus altissima Swingle (苦木科Simaroubaceae)3.筋骨草春孢锈菌 Aecidium alugae Syd．寄主：紫背金盘 Ajuga nioponensis Makino (唇形科 Labiatae) 4．八角枫春孢锈菌 Aecidium alangii Hirats．＆ Yosh 寄主：长毛八角枫 Alangium kurzii Craib,瓜木A platanifoHum Harms (八角枫科 Alangiaeeae) 5．紫珠生春孢锈菌(新种) Aecidium callicarpivola J Y．Zhuang sp．nov.寄主：杜虹花 Callicarpa oedunculata R,Br．(马鞭草科Verbenaeeae) 6．吴茱萸春孢锈菌(新种) Aecidium evodiae J．Y．Zhuang sp．nov． 寄主：吴茱萸 Evodia rutaecarva (Juss．)Benth．(芸香科Rutaceae) 7．杨叶木姜子春孢锈菌(新种) Aecidium litseae-populifoliae J．Y．Zhuang sp．Nov．寄主：杨叶木姜子 Litsea povulifolia Gamble (樟科Lauraceae) 8．青海春孢锈菌(新种) Aecidium qinghaiense J Y．Zhuang sp．nov． 寄主：莴苣属一种Lactuca sp．(菊科Compo sitae) 9．合掌消春孢锈菌 Aecidium vincetoxici P．Henn．＆ Shirai 寄主：牛皮消 Cynanchum auriculatum Royle (萝藦科 Asclepiadaceae)     

西江颗粒直链藻种群生态特征

西江肇庆段是珠江干流汇入珠三角河网水域的咽喉通道,结合长期定点连续采样和空间季节性调查,重点对2009年西江干流肇庆段的颗粒直链藻(Aulacoseira granulata)的种群生态学特征进行系统分析。结果显示:全年中,颗粒直链藻在总种群中所占百分比均值为25.37%,与总种群丰度存在极显著正相关关系,这表明颗粒直链藻是西江浮游植物群落的重要优势种。调查期间发现了颗粒直链藻的4种形态,包括原变种(var.granulata)、极狭变种(var.angustissima)、弯曲变种(var.curvata)和极狭变种螺旋变型(var.angustissima f.spiralis)。其中,原变种占有绝对优势地位,其相对百分组成的年均值为91.47%,推测为原变种的形态结构比其它3种形态更容易适应外界环境变化,进而形成优势群体。颗粒直链藻总密度的周年变化呈现明显的双峰型,两个峰值分别出现在8月和11月,主要得益于适宜的水温、相对稳定的水体和较高的营养盐水平,这些均有助于颗粒直链藻的生长繁殖。第一个高峰之前,颗粒直链藻总密度未出现明显的波动,这很可能是由于水体径流量增大导致的稀释作用和频繁降雨导致的水体剧烈波动对颗粒直链藻增长的负作用掩盖了水温上升所带来的益处。从空间分布来看,颗粒直链藻总丰度的最大值一般出现在S1、S5和S6站点,这与营养盐最大值的空间分布格局是一致的。     

三峡库区河岸植物野古草(Arundinella anomala var. depauperata Keng)茎通气组织发生对水淹的响应

野古草(Arundinella anomala var. depauperata Keng)在三峡库区长江及其支流江(河)岸有广泛分布,对水淹有很好的耐受能力.有研究表明许多植物在水淹时通气组织发生增强,通气组织的产生改善了植株通气状况,提高了植物对水淹的抵御能力.为了研究水淹是否会影响野古草的通气组织发生以及野古草通气组织发生对水淹的反应,考察了不同水淹深度、不同水淹时间和不同水淹方式处理时野古草茎中通气组织的发生情况.实验中共设置3个水淹深度:不进行水淹(对照)、植株地下部分淹没、植株完全淹没于水下2m深处;5个淹没时间:植株被淹没的时间长度分别为5、10、20、30d和60d;2种水淹方式:连续水淹和间歇水淹.实验结果表明:(1)在无水淹情况下野古草茎中可以产生通气组织,通气组织产生随植株的生长而增强;水淹加快了野古草通气组织发生的进程,促进了野古草通气组织的提前发生.(2)野古草茎中通气组织并不会因为水淹的时间越长而产生越多,植株通气组织的大小达到一定程度后不再因水淹时间的增长而继续增大.(3)淹没深度对通气组织发生有一定影响,总的看来,地下部分淹没野古草植株的通气组织发生要强于完全淹没植株.(4)不同水淹方式对野古草通气组织发生的影响因水淹深度不同而有差异.在完全淹没情况下,连续水淹植株的通气组织比间歇水淹植株的通气组织发达;在地下部分淹没情况下,除水淹初期外,随水淹时间的延长,连续水淹植株通气组织发生与间歇水淹植株没有差异.     

鸢尾柄锈菌一新变种及柄锈属国内一新记录

本文报道采自东北地区的鸢尾柄锈菌一新变种和柄锈属一国内新记录种。新变种命名为鸢尾柄锈菌多孔变种[Puccinia iridis(DC.)Wallr.var.polyporis W.C.Liu var.nov.],区别于原变种的主要特征是其夏孢子小,芽孔5—7个,散生;而后者夏孢子较大,芽孔2—4个,赤道生。新记录种是短果茴芹柄锈菌(Puccinia pimpinellae-brachycarpae Tranzsch.et Ere-meeva),寄生在短果茴芹(Pimpinella brachycarpa Nakai)上。标本保存于沈阳农业大学真菌标本室和中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室。     

Potentiation of insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1 by proteinase inhibitors in the American bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)

The effect of crude proteinase inhibitor extracts from seeds of different crop plants (black gram, chickpea, chickling vetch, finger millet, French bean, green gram, horse gram, lentil, pea and soybean) on the insecticidal activity of B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-1 was investigated against neonate larvae of H. armigera by diet incorporation method. The larval mortality due to crude proteinase inhibitors alone (5% seed weight equivalent) ranged from 4.1 to 19.1%; the maximum mortality with finger millet and the minimum with pea var. DDR-23. A mixture of B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-1 (10 ppm) and proteinase inhibitor (5% seed weight equivalent) was synergistic in larval mortality with respect to proteinase inhibitors of pea var. DMR-16, chickling vetch var. RLK-1098 and B101-212, lentil var. ILL-8095 and L-4076, soybean var. PK-1042, PK-416 and Pusa-22, chickpea var. Pusa-413, French bean (Chitra) and black gram; and antagonistic with respect to those of finger millet, horse gram and kidney bean. The larval growth reduction with crude proteinase inhibitors alone ranged from 17.9 to 53.1%; the maximum growth reduction with soybean var. PK-1042 and minimum with lentil var. L-4076. A mixture of B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki and proteinase inhibitor was synergistic in growth reduction with respect to proteinase inhibitors of lentil var. ILL-8095, and L-4626 and antagonistic with respect to that of finger millet. The midgut proteinase inhibition with crude seed extracts (3.3% seed weight equivalent) ranged from 9.3 to 60.9% and was negatively correlated with larval mortality. These results showed that interactive effect of B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-1 and proteinase inhibitors in the larvae of H. armigera depended upon the quality and quantity of proteinase inhibitors, which vary widely in different plants.     

A novel homothallic variety of Agaricus bisporus comprises rare tetrasporic isolates from Europe

Among 400 wild specimens of A. bisporus collected in Europe, only three were tetrasporic. In the case of two of them from France, a previous study showed that one was homokaryotic and hypothetically belonged to a homothallic entity while the other was heterokaryotic and possibly resulted from hybridization between a member of this entity and a classical bisporic strain. A third tetrasporic specimen recently was discovered in Greece. Morphological and genetic comparisons, using alloenzymatic markers, molecular markers and ITS polymorphisms, reveal that this third specimen is homokaryotic and belongs, with the homokaryotic specimen from France, to the same entity. Dissimilarity analysis confirms the hybrid origin of the heterokaryotic specimen. Varietal status is proposed for this homothallic, highly homogeneous entity, and A. bisporus var. eurotetrasporus is described. This novel variety clearly differs from var. bisporus by its tetrasporic basidia and from var. burnettii by its longer spores. It has a complex story because it can interbreed with var. bisporus and shares the same habitat; however, because of its homothallic life cycle and its partial intersterility, it is probably in the process of speciation.     

微糙三脉紫菀的细胞地理学研究

三脉紫菀多倍体复合体一直被认为是一个困难的类群．但是,作为该复合体主产地的中国,其分类学研究和细胞学资料十分缺乏．因此,对微糙三脉紫菀9个居群进行了细胞学研究、结果显示,微糙三脉紫菀为四倍体(2n=4x=36),关于微糙三脉紫菀有六倍体的报道应属鉴定错误．微糙三脉紫菀6个居群的核型资料表明,其核型的不对称性具有经度地带性变异的趋势．据此认为,微糙三脉紫菀起源于浙皖山丘西部,然后向西扩散,抵达云贵高原和四川．这一假设得到横走地下茎演化证据的支持．     

Impairment of cytotype regulation of P-element activity in Drosophila melanogaster by mutations in the Su(var)205 gene

Cytotype regulation of transposable P elements in the germ line of Drosophila melanogaster is associated with maternal transmission of P elements inserted at the left telomere of the X chromosome. This regulation is impaired in long-term stocks heterozygous for mutations in Suppressor of variegation 205 [Su(var)205], a gene implicated in the control of telomere length. Regulation by TP5, a structurally incomplete P element at the X telomere, is more profoundly impaired than regulation by TP6, a different incomplete P element inserted at the same site in a TAS repeat at the X telomere. Genetic analysis with the TP5 element indicates that its regulatory ability is not impaired in flies whose fathers came directly from a stock heterozygous for a Su(var)205 mutation, even when the flies themselves carry this mutation. However, it is impaired in flies whose grandfathers came from such a stock. Furthermore, this impairment occurs even when the Su(var)205 mutation is not present in the flies themselves or in their mothers. The impaired regulatory ability of TP5 persists for at least several generations after TP5 X chromosomes extracted from a long-term mutant Su(var)205 stock are made homozygous in the absence of the Su(var)205 mutation. Impairment of TP5-mediated regulation is therefore not directly dependent on the Su(var)205 mutation. However, it is characteristic of the six mutant Su(var)205 stocks that were tested and may be related to the elongated telomeres that develop in these stocks. Impairment of regulation by TP5 is also seen in a stock derived from Gaiano, a wild-type strain that has elongated telomeres due to a dominant mutation in the Telomere elongation (Tel) gene. Regulation by TP6 is not impaired in the Gaiano genetic background. The regulatory abilities of the TP5 and TP6 elements are therefore not equally susceptible to the effects of elongated telomeres in the mutant Su(var)205 and Gaiano stocks.     

牛尾蒿两变种精油的化学成分

本文以气相色谱质谱计算机联用的方法分析了牛尾蒿原变种Artemisia dubia var. dubia及无毛变种B A. dubia var. subdigitata精油化学成分,共鉴定出82种化合物,其中萜类50种,芳香类12种,脂肪族类20种。经比较研究表明,这两变种的精油中有39种化合物(27 种萜类,5种芳香类和7种脂肪族类化合物)相同,而它们的差别在于牛尾蒿无毛变种中二环、三环倍半萜、芳香类及脂肪族类化合物的类型比原变种多。从精油的萜类化学组成特点来看,这两个变种的萜类化合物环化程度比蒿亚属植物高,而与龙蒿亚属植物相近。因此,这两个变种归属于龙蒿亚属较合适。