药用植物细辛在中国的潜在适生区分布

细辛(Asarum)属植物多为我国传统名贵药源植物。利用3种入药的细辛属植物在中国的126个地理分布记录,结合6大类28项环境因子,应用最大熵模型(Maxent)和地理信息系统(Arc GIS9.3)软件,定量地预测了细辛在我国的潜在适生区及其适生等级。结果表明,3种细辛属药用植物在中国的潜在适生区分布较为广泛,高适生区和适生区面积分别达到312.5 km2和2 760.42 km2,与降雨量相关的年降雨量、最干季降雨量和最暖季降雨量是影响细辛属药用植物分布的主要环境因子。本研究的预测结果可为细辛属药用植物资源的研究与栽培生产用地的合理布局提供参考依据。     

湖北细辛属植物的引种栽培研究

湖北是我国细辛属折分布中心之一。历年来由于大量采挖作为药用,野生资源日渐枯竭。细辛属植物亦具有较高的观赏价值。在日本已广为应用,但在我国却栽培很少,中国科学院武汉植物研究所药园自１９５９年以来,先后引种栽培成功１１种细辛属植物,对它们的物候期和生物发育作了观察,并根据各植物的生长习性,提出了相庆的栽培技术措施,为该属植物的引种栽培提供了科学依据。     

獐耳细辛属重瓣川鄂獐耳细辛在陕西省的新分布

该文报道了獐耳细辛属植物重瓣川鄂獐耳细辛(Hepatica henryi f. pleniflora Xiao D. Li et J. Q. Li)的新分布区——陕西省岚皋县南宫山国家森林公园及镇坪县化龙山国家森林公园,将该种的分布区向西北扩展到了陕西省的巴山地区,丰富了陕西省新增植物分布记录,为巴山地区的物种多样性研究提供了证据。     

细辛肾毒性与细辛剂型剂量的动物实验研究

目的:研究细辛的肾毒性及其与细辛剂型剂量之间的相关性。方法:以灌服蒸馏水为空白对照,分别以不同剂量的细辛水煎剂、细辛散剂和麻黄附子细辛汤复方为受试药物,连续60天给SD大鼠灌胃给药,通过检测尿蛋白、血清肌酐、血尿素氮等生化指标和观察组织切片,评价细辛不同使用方式对大鼠肾脏的损伤作用。结果:细辛散剂组在3.0 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)的给药剂量下,各生化指标与空白组比较P0.05,有显著性差异,大鼠肾脏组织受到严重损伤,并普遍死亡;在1.5 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)的给药剂量下,同样引起了大鼠肾组织的明显损伤;在0.3 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)的给药剂量下,大鼠肾组织未表现出损伤,且生化指标与空白对照组比较P0.05,均无显著性差异。当细辛生药量达到33.0 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)时,细辛水煎剂组方表现出轻微的肾组织损伤,在16.5 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)和3.3 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)剂量下,细辛水煎剂组未表现出肾组织病理变化,生化指标与空白对照组比较P0.05,均无显著性差异。对麻黄附子细辛汤而言,在细辛生药用量达到16.5 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)时,开始出现大鼠轻微肾损伤,而在3.3 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)剂量下未表现出肾组织病理变化,生化指标与空白对照组比较P0.05,也均无显著性差异。结论:在大鼠中,肾脏是细辛致毒的靶器官之一,并且大鼠肾损伤与细辛用法用量密切相关,散剂的毒性显著强于水煎剂和复方麻黄附子细辛汤。     

细辛蕨配子体发育的研究

利用光学显微镜详细观察和记录了细辛蕨[Boniniella ikenoi(Makino)Hayata]配子体发育过程,为细辛蕨属(BoniniellaHay.)的系统学研究积累基础资料.结果表明:孢子单裂缝,赤道面观半圆形,极面观椭圆形;接种7 d左右孢子萌发,14~20 d形成4~7个细胞的丝状体,丝状体阶段容易受到真菌的侵染;70 d左右,配子体发育成熟,多为雌雄同株,原叶体细胞中叶绿体的分布因光强的不同而改变.并对细辛蕨配子体各发育阶段的系统学意义、抗逆性及光诱导叶绿体运动的生理学机制进行了讨论.     

中国细辛属花粉形态研究

本文对中国细辛属Asarum27种及4变种、1变型的花粉形态分别做了光学显微镜和扫描电镜的观察和照相,发现该属花粉的萌发孔变异较大,可作为分亚属及分种的重要依据之一。花粉粒外壁纹饰主要分两类：瘤状纹饰下为网状纹饰,或瘤状纹饰下为脑纹状纹饰。细辛亚属与杜衡亚属间的界限较明显,与植物形态分类的结果基本一致。本文还讨论了国产及日本产双叶细辛A．caulescens Maxim和华细辛A．sieboldii Miq．在花粉形态上的差异,并对植物外部形态上彼此相似的几个种的花粉的形态特征做了比较。     

几种细辛属观赏植物

马兜铃科细辛属（AsarumL．）植物全世界约有90种。我国约有40种,主要分布于长江以南各省区、少数分布在北方。该属植物绝大部分种类在我国作为药用具有悠久的历史。然而,该属植物部分种类作为室内观赏花卉同样具有很高的价值。该属植物日本已培育了许多观赏品种,其中春草园株式会社出版的一本广告宣传画册,列出品种100多种,主要有观花类（尾状花、大花类）、观叶类（叶色及叶面云班）、观叶观花类（花形与面色斑）等。我国该属植物资源十分丰富,目前国内尚未见有关该属植物用作观赏花卉方面的研究报道。因此该属植物作为一种新的室…     

四川重楼属植物2新记录变种

报道了四川重楼属植物2新分布变种,分别是宽瓣球药隔重楼(Paris fargesii var. latipetala H. Li et V. G. Soukup)和红果五指莲(Paris axialis H. Li var. rubra H. H. Zhou, K. Y. Wu et R. Tao)。其中红果五指莲为贵州特有类群,且为孤点分布。四川新分布的发现对于重楼属植物的系统分类和迁徙演化研究具有重要意义。     

大花细辛的组织培养

1植物名称大花细辛(Asarum maximum Hemsl.). 2材料类别茎段. 3培养条件基本培养基为MS.芽增殖培养基:(1)MS 6-BA 1.0～2.0 mg·L-1(单位下同) NAA 0.1;壮苗培养基:(2)MS 6-BA 0.5 NAA 0.1;生根培养基:(3)1/2MS IBA 1.0 NAA 0.2.以上培养基蔗糖浓度(1)和(2)为3.0%,(3)为2.0%;琼脂7.0g·L-1,pH 5.4～5.6.培养温度为(25±2)℃,连续光照12 h·d-1,光强40μmol·m-2·s-1.     

北细辛内生真菌的分离鉴定及代谢产物的生物活性

采用表面消毒法分别从3种北细辛中分离获得10株形态特征不同的优势内生真菌,经形态学和18S rDNA ITS分子分类学分析鉴定为小丛壳属(Glomerella sp.)、叶点霉属(Phyllosticta sp.)、柄孢壳菌属(Po-dospora sp.)、刺盘孢属(Colletotrichum sp.)和镰孢属(Fusarium sp.)。对北细辛优势内生真菌的发酵产物进行体外抗肿瘤和抗菌活性检测,结果表明:除菌株E3、E4和E10外,其余菌株均有不同程度的抗肿瘤和抗菌活性;镰孢属(Fusarium sp.)菌株E9对A549、MDA-MB-231和PANC-1肿瘤细胞抑制率达75%以上;小丛壳属(Glomerella sp.)菌株E1和叶点霉属(Phyllosticta sp.)菌株E2靶向FabI的抗菌活性较强,抑制率达59%。     

峨眉山槭属植物的地理分布和区系特点

本文报道了分布于四川峨眉山槭属植物,计26种1变种。讨论了槭属植物在峨眉山的垂直分布与水平分布规律。峨眉山槭属植物的区系组成是亚热带和温带东亚区系成分。     

利用ISSR和SRAP标记分析细辛资源遗传多样性与亲缘关系

采用ISSR、SRAP分子标记对61份细辛资源进行遗传多样性与亲缘关系进行分析,结果表明:(1)ISSR标记平均每条引物可获得8.35个DNA片段,多态性比率为86.3%,SRAP标记平均每对引物可获得7.85个DNA片段,多态性比率为86.0%。(2)利用相同数量的引物,ISSR标记揭示的多态性略高于SRAP标记。(3)按照种质间相似系数得出聚类图,可将所有细辛资源分开,在依据ISSR标记聚类分析中,生物学上北细辛和汉城细辛的划分,其作用不如地域来源的效应。SRAP分子标记中,大部分资源的聚类与地域性有关,但有4份汉城细辛优先聚类,SRAP分子标记在揭示基因组差异方面有一定的优势。(4)2种分子标记的聚类图中,来自同一产地的北细辛和汉城细辛优先聚类,其亲缘关系更近。聚类图中未出现北细辛与汉城细辛分别聚类。分子标记分类与传统植物学分类不一致。     

荨麻科赤车属和楼梯草属新分类群

描述了中国南部岩溶地区发现的荨麻科赤车属2新种,楼梯草属5新种和2新变种。     

Pollen Morphology of Asarum in China

The present paper describes the pollen morphology of 27 species, 4 varieties and 1 form of Asarum from China. The pollen grains were all examined under light microscope and scanning electron microscope. The apertures of pollen grains of Asarum are variable and so distinct as to allow the identification of individual subgenera and species. The exine ornamentation is compound and may be divided into two types: reticulate or cerebelloid under verrucae. The pollen grains of Subgen. Asarum and Subgen. Heterotropa are distinguishable, which supports the taxonomical subdivision based on the gross morphology. The differences in the pollen morphology between A. caulescens Maxim. and A. sieboldii Miq. in China and in Japan are discussed and some comparisons in the pollenmorphology between several species similar in the gross morphology are also made.     

甘肃洮河流域种子植物区系的初步研究

甘肃洮河流域地黄土高原和青藏高原的交汇地带,植物种类比较丰富,据初步统计,有种子植物１００科,４４８属,１３４６种,其种子植物区系具有下列基本特征;种类组成比较丰富,地理成分复杂,联系广泛,但以温带成分占绝对优势,具典型的北温带性质,区系成分过渡性强。根据特有种的分布情况和自然地理特征,洮河中上游植物区系应地横断山脉地区川西北,甘南,青东南地区,洮河下游应属于华北地区黄土高原亚地区。     

福建种子植物区系地理研究

福建省地处中国东南沿海的亚热带 ,季风气候显著 ,水热条件良好 ,地貌以山地为主 ,致使种子植物成分丰富 ,自然分布的种类约有 1152属归 186科。区系地理成分分析表明 ,福建种子植物区系是典型的热带起源 ,热带成分占 56 .0 3% ,其中以泛热带成分最多 ,同时兼容了大量温带成分 ,说明温带成分并非源自本地 ,而是亚热带山区起源。区系成分中单型属和少型属以及特有属成分相当丰富 ,说明了残遗现象和个别特化现象比较明显     

Notes on the Orchid Flora in the Hengduan Mountain Region,China

The Hengduan Mountain Region on the south-eastern fringe of the Qinghai- Xizang (Tibet) Plateau is located in W. Sichuan, N. W. Yunnan and E. Xizang, with a wide area of juxtaposition from the east to the west, the mountains extending and the rivers flowing from the north to the south. In this paper it covers an area from Daojie, Wayao, Yingping, Yangbi, Dali of Yunnan and Dukou of Sichuan in the south, to Banbar, Dengqeu, Shenda of Tibet and Serxu, Dainkog, Shuajingsi and Nanping (Jiuzhaigou) of Sichuan in the north, and from Lharong, Baxoi and Zayü of Tibet in the west, to Maowen, Wenchuan, Mt. Erlang, Mt. Emei and Xichang of Sichuan in the east (Fig. 1.). The Gongga Mountain is the highest in the region, its summit being at an altitude of 7556m, whereas the Dadu River Valley in the eastern part of the area is only 1150 m above sea level. Therefore, the relative height is about 6400 m in the region. The Hengduan Mountain Region is well-known for its various topography, complex natural conditions and rich flora. The floristic composition and features of orchids in Hengduan Mountain Region. 1. The species of orchids are abundant in the region. As we know so far, orchids in the Hengduan Mountain Region comprise 91 genera and 363 species with 9 varieties, and thus it is one of concentration centres of orchids in China, making up 56.17% of the total number of orchids genera in China, only less than in Yunnan and Taiwan, and 34.87% of the total number of orchids species in China, only less than in Yunnan and Sichuan. 2. The orchids genera in the Hengduan Mountain Region are complex in geographical components as indicated below: (1) Four geneva are endemic to China and one of them is endemic to the region. (2) Fourteen genera are of the north temperate distribution pattern, 2 of the Old World temperate one, 18 of the East-Asian one (including Sino-Himalayan and Sino-Japanese) and 3 of the East-Asian-North American one. (3) Twenty one genera belong to the tropical Asian distribution pattern, 3 to the tropical Asian-tropical African one, 13 to the tropical Asian-tropical Australian one, 1 to the tropical Asian-tropical South American one, 8 to the Old World tropical one and 2 to the pantropical one. (4) Two genera are cosmopolitan. The analysis of genera: Fourty eight genera (containing 151 species with 4 varieties) of the tropical distribution occur in the region, among which Calanthe and Cymbidium distributed in the temperate region, and Bulbophyllum and Peristylus in the subtropical part of China are comparatively abundant (with over 10 species), but the other 25 genera are monospecific and 11 genera each contain only 2-3 species. Some epiphytic genera mainly distributed in tropical Asia and belonging to tropical florestic elements, such as Vanda, Luisia, Schoenorchis, Flickingeria, Monomeria, Kingidium, Acampe, Phalaenopsis, Thrixspermum, Eria, Taeniophyllum, and terrestrial genera, such as Aphyllorchis, Collabium, Mischobulbum, Paphiopedilum, Thunia, Brachycarythis, Satyrium, Corybas, Geodorum, Zeuxine, Tropidia, have the Hengduan Mountain Region as the northern limit of distribution. Of 151 species with 4 varieties, 41 species with 4 varieties are endemic to China, and 14 species with 3 varieties of them are endemic to the area, making up 3.86% of the total in the region under discussion. There are 41 genera (containing 189 species with 5 varieties) of the temperate distribution, which occur in the region. Among them Platanthera (22 species with 1 variety), Cypripedium (17 species), Herminium (16 species), Amitostigma (15 species with 1 variety), Orchis (12 species), Hemipilia (8 species with 1 variety), Neottianthe (4 species), Gymnadenia (4 species), Diphylax (3 species), Bletilla (3 species), have the Hengduan Mountain Region as the distribution centre and differentiation centre. Among the 189 species with 5 varieties, 111 species with 5 varieties are endemic to China, and 54 species with 5 varieties are endemic to the area, making up 14.88% of the total of orchids in the Hengduan Mountain Region. Although the number of temperate distribution genera is smaller than that of tropical distribution ones, several points may be mentioned: (1) The Hengduan Mountain Region is distribution centre and differentiation centre of a number of temperate genera in China, and is the northern limit of many genera mainly distributed in the tropics. (2) The number in the former category is obviously larger than that in the latter. (3) Endemic species in the former category in the area are over three times as many as those in the latter. The differentiation of species of the temperate distribution genera is obviously stronger than the tropical ones, which characterizes the orchid flora in the area as the temperate one. The life forms of genera. The orchid flora in the Hengduan Mountain Region so far known comprises 91 genera, among which 51 are terrestrial, 32 epiphytic and 8 saprophytic, thus with the terrestrial one dominant. The analysis of species: The orchid flora in the Hengduan Mountain Region so far known comprises 363 species with 9 varieties. Their distribution patterns and floristic components, to which they belong, are indicated as follows: (1) Fifty four species, belonging to 33 genera, are widespread, covering the whole East Asian Region, but 6 of them are endemic to China. (2) Forty four species, belonging to 27 genera, are the elements of the Sino-Japanese Subregion, but 22 species of them are endemic to China. (3) One hundred and ninety five species with nine varieties, belonging to 53 genera, are the elements of the Sino-Himalayan Subregion under discussion: (A) Four species (i.e. Aphyllorchis alpine, Listera divaricata, L. pinetorum and Oreorchis micrantha) are distributed in the Himalayan Region and S. E. Xizang (Tibet), western part of this region. (B) Twenty five species, belonging to 17 genera, are distributed in N. W. Yunnan and the Himalayan Region (Appendix, 1.). (C) Sixteen species, belonging to 11 genera, are distributed in the Himalayan region and W. Sichuan. Among them 6 species occur only with Mt. Emei as the easternmost limit and 10 species occur in the region west of Mt. Emei. (D) Ten species, belonging to 9 genera, are distributed in the Himalayan region, this region and S. Shaanxi, S. Gansu or S. E. Qinghai. (E) Eight species, belonging to 6 genera, are distributed in the Himalayan region and this region. Among them 6 species have their range extending eastwards to Guizhou and 2 species eastwards to Guangxi. (F) Five species, belonging to 5 genera, having their range extending from this region southwards to N. Burma. (G) One handred and twenty seven species with nine varieties are endemic to China behind discussion. (4) (A) Three species (i.e. Anoectochilus moulmeinensis, Bulbophyllum forrestii and Liparis chapaensis) are distributed in Indo-China, Burma and the region. (B) Nine species, belonging to 7 genera, are distributed in Indo-China, N. E. India and this region. (C) Forty six species, belonging to 21 genera, are distributed in Indo-China, the Himalayan Region and this region (Appendix, 2.). (D) Twelve species, belonging to 11 genera, are distributed in Indo-China and this region (Appendix, 3.) 3. The vicarism is obvious in the orchid flora of the Hengduan Mountain Region. There are 10 species-pairs (in genera Calanthe, Tropidia, Anoectochilus, Mischobulbum, Bulbophyllum, Gymnadenia, Pogonia, Tipularia, Tulotis, Orchis, etc.) of the horizontal vicarism and 7 species-pairs (in genera Epigeneium, Epipogium, Platanthera, Pogonia, etc.) of the vertical vicarism in the region. 4. The endemic species are prolific in the region. In the orchid flora of the Hengduan Mountain Region there are 155 species and 9 varieties endemic to China: (1) Six species are widespread in the whole East-Asian Region. (2) Twenty two species are the elements of the Sino-Japanese Subregion. (3) One hundred and twenty seven species with nine varieties are the elements of the Sino-Himalayan Subregion. Among them 69 species with 5 varieties are endemic to the region (Appendix, 4.), making up 19% of the total in the region; other 58 species with 4 varieties are distributed in the region and neighbouring regions or provinces of it (Appendix, 5.). 5. Remarkable differentiation of the orchid flora in the Hengduan Mountain Region is shown by evident vicarism and abundance of endemic elements, exampled by Amitostigma, Herminium, Orchis, Cypripedium, Platanthera, etc. and one group of Platanthera, which is confined to the south fringe of the Xizang (Tibet) Plateau-Hengduan Mountain Region. The group consists of 12 species, of which one (P. edgeworthii) is distributed in the Western Himalayas from Hazara in Pakistan to Kumaun in India, and all the other 11 species (i.e.P. stenantha, P. bakeriana, P. roseotincta, P. deflexilabella, P. longiglandula, P. exilliana, P. chiloglossa, P. leptocaulon, P. platantheroides, P. clavigera and P. latilabris) occur in China, with 3 of them (i.e.P. deflexilabella, P. longiglandula and P. chiloglossa) endemic to China. According to their structure of gynostemum and form of labellum they belong to Platanthera without question, although they are different from the other members of Platanthera in stigma convex (not concave) and sepals mammillary-ciliate, stigma exhibits a series of evolutionary trends in part of species, from stigma single, convex, elliptic and located near rear of spur mouth (in P. stenantha) to stigma single, suddle, and located near front of spur mouth (in P. bakeriana) and to stigma double, separate and located at front of spur mouth in the other ten species. The group in Platanthera is only confined to the area from the south fringe of the Xizang (Tibet) Plateau to the Hengduan Mountain Region. It seems that the genus has been affected by intense lift of the area, causing variation and differentiation and giving rise to the group due to the long-term natural selection. Mt. Emei in Sichuan Province is the eastern limit of distribution of the group, where there are three spcies, among which two (P. deflexilabella and P. longiglandula) are endemic to the mountains. In addition, among Risleya (1 species), Diphylax (3 species) and Diplomeris (2 species), three genera typical of distribution in the Sino-Himalayan Subregion, Risleya and Diphylax have Mt. Emei as their eastern limit. Eleven species, belonging to elements of the SinoJapanese Subregion, occur only from Japan to Western Sichuan with Mt. Emei as the western limit. Among nine species, belonging to elements of the Sino-Himalayan Subregion, six occur from the Himalayas to W. Sichuan and three of them are endemic to the Hengduan Mountain Region, with Mt. Emei as their eastern limit of distribution. There are eight endemic species and one variety of orchids in Mt. Emei, making up about 11.59% of the total endemic species in the Hengduan Mountain Region. Orchid floristic elements in Mt. Emei are obviously different from those in Mt. Jinfo, the former being mainly of the Sino-Himalayan Subregion, while the latter being mainly of the Sino-Japanese Subregion. From the distribution patterns of the orchid floristic elements in the Hengduan Mountain Region and Eastern China, the Emei Mountain is considered important for drawing a boundary line between the Sino-Japanese Subregion and the Sino-Himalayan Subregion. The discussion may be summarized as follows: the floristic features of the orchid flora in the Hengduan Mountain Region are: (1) rich in species, complex in geographical components, eminent vicarism and differentiation, and prolific in endemic species; (2) terrestrial life form is dominant one; (3) mainly consisting of temperate and subtropical East-Asian elements, es pecially, elements of Sino-Himalayan Subregion, though with some tropical elements and elem-ents of other regions.     

江西猕猴桃属(Actinidia)植物的分布及其区系特征

通过野外调查和查阅大量标本、文献,对江西猕猴桃属植物的分布和区系特征进行了系统研究。江西省境内分布有猕猴桃属植物20种和11变种(或变型),其中葛枣猕猴桃(Actinidia polygama (Sieb．et Zucc．)Maxim．)、灰毛猕猴桃(A．cinerascens C．F．Liang)、楔叶猕猴桃(A.fasciculoides var. cuneata C.F.Lang)和簇花猕猴桃(A．fasciculoides C．F．Liang)为江西新分布。江西猕猴桃属植物区系特征表现在：(1)种类丰富;(2)特有现象较明显;(3)多型性突出;(4)地理成分复杂,以中国特有分布式样为主;(5)种间、种内分化较强烈;(6)与邻近地区猕猴桃属植物的关系密切。还对江西猕猴桃属植物的分布与自然生境的关系进行了探讨。     

美姑大风顶自然保护区种子植物区系分析

四川美姑大风顶国家级自然保护区有种子植物 1 1 8科 ,3 85属 ,860种 ,其中裸子植物 5科 ,1 6属 ,1 9种 ;被子植物 1 1 3科 ,3 69属 ,841种。种子植物属、种的区系成分共有 1 3个类型 ;在所有成分中 ,以温带区系成分为主 ,达 1 81属 ,占总属数的 5 1 .5 8%。中国特有分布属共 1 1属 ,占总属数的 3 .1 3 % ;中国特有分布种共41 0种 ,占总种数的 48.41 %。保护区共有珍稀濒危植物 1 8种 ,其中国家一级保护植物 4种 ,国家二级保护植物 6种 ,国家三级保护植物 8种。