镇江革螨采集及江苏省新记录,并描述三种若螨(蜱螨亚纲)

20 0 1年 6月 2 1日至 2 0 0 2年 5月 30日 ,在镇江口岸长江以南 6 0公里岸线的各种生境中 ,对小型哺乳动物寄生革螨进行了调查 ,调查生境为芦苇边、山坡灌丛、草地、生活区食堂和仓库。共采到革螨 1 5种 ,其中江苏省新记录 9种。在所查到的文献中 ,仅《中国经济昆虫志》第 4 0册 (邓国藩等 ,1 993)对纳氏厉螨LaelapsnuttalliHirst后若螨有简单描述 ,无图。对格氏血厉螨Haemolaelapsglasgowi(Ewing)后若螨及前若螨和赫刺螨HirstionyssussunciWang前若螨没有记载。今根据江苏标本 ,对这三种螨的若螨进行描述并绘图 ,以供今后鉴定参考…     

辽宁革螨的生态地理分布

辽宁省已知的革螨46种,分属于5科19属.本文依据四个不同地理景观区内革螨的优势种、常见种和罕见种,对其生态地理分布作了讨论.(1)辽西低山丘陵及沿海平原区:本区共有革螨20种,其中仓鼠真厉螨、格氏血厉螨为优势种;塔山巨刺螨、长毛鞘厉螨为罕见种.(2)辽东山地及半岛丘陵区:本区共有革螨22种.半岛丘陵革螨优势种为仓鼠真厉螨、格氏血厉螨;辽东山地革螨优势种为耶氏厉螨与东方真厉螨.本区罕见种为赛氏血革螨、达呼尔血革螨、大连肪刺螨、三角血厉螨等.(3)辽河平原区:本区共有革螨20种.优势种为耶氏厉螨与厩真厉螨;乌苏里土厉螨为罕见种.(4)努鲁儿虎山脉北麓黄土丘陵台地及西辽河沙地区:本区共有革螨26种.优势种为东北血革螨、仓鼠真厉螨及格氏血厉螨.巨腹赫刺螨、鼬赫刺螨、拟小赫刺螨、半漠血厉螨、乌苏地厉螨、北野血革螨、楠本血革螨等为罕见种.     

云南省锡金小鼠体表革螨感染分析

为了解云南省锡金小鼠(Mus pahari)体表革螨的感染情况及分布规律,本研究基于1990至2015年云南省39个县(市)的调查数据,统计分析锡金小鼠体表革螨的基本感染情况和感染差异。使用聚块指数测定革螨空间分布型,用Jaccard指数计算革螨物种相似性。从捕获的720只锡金小鼠体表共采集到革螨14 098只,鉴定为2科12属37种。贵州厉螨(Laelaps guizhouensis)、贫毛厉螨(L. paucisetosa)和兴义厉螨(L. xingyiensis)是优势革螨,其在不同个体的锡金小鼠体表均呈聚集分布。不同地理景观中采集的锡金小鼠体表革螨的种类和数量相差大,山区景观中采集的锡金小鼠体表革螨的感染率Pm、平均多度MA和感染度MI均明显高于坝区景观中采集的个体(P0.05)。不同性别的锡金小鼠体表革螨物种中度相似,雄鼠的平均多度和感染度高于雌鼠(P 0.05)。种-样方关系图显示革螨物种数随宿主抽样量的增加而增加。结果表明,锡金小鼠体表革螨感染普遍,三个优势螨种在不同个体的宿主体表呈聚集分布,采自不同地理景观的锡金小鼠体表革螨构成差异较大。     

贵州省部分鼠形动物体表革螨群落结构

本文汇集了1978—1988年贵州省17个县(市)的调查资料,首次对啮齿目及食虫目动物体表革螨群落结构进行了定量描述。多数宿主体表革螨种类丰富。除部分稀有种外,多数革螨宿主广泛。毒厉螨、土尔克厉螨及柏氏禽刺螨可作为多种宿主的优势革螨种。优势种在群落中的地位受物种丰富度、均匀度及多样性的影响。     

应用对流免疫电泳测定革螨的食性

本文首次报道用对流免疫电泳法测定革螨的食性,试验结果表明:本法比较敏感,能测出单个血食革螨,特异性高,一般无假阳性,并能确定血源,故亦适于小型节肢动物嗜血习性的测定。讨论了影响结果的有关因素。对格氏血厉螨进行了吸血能力的实验观察,镜检刺吸率为58.5%,用对流免疫电泳法刺吸率为74.2%,提高了阳性检出率。采自黑线姬鼠窝中的格氏血厉螨、厩真厉螨,用兔抗黑线姬鼠血清作对流免疫电泳测定为阳性。     

吉林省西部草原革螨数量聚类和寄主关系

根据在吉林省西部草原地区采得的革螨资料,利用聚类分析,对革螨进行了分类,给出了革螨与寄主种数的关系方程。其与寄主关系,25．6%为单寄主。格氏血厉螨和东北血革螨是多寄主的优势螨种。     

云南省短尾鼩体表螨类感染及相关生态分析

根据2001至2015年对云南省30个县(市)的现场调查,本文对短尾鼩(Anourosorex squamipes)体表螨类(革螨和恙螨)的感染状况和相关生态规律进行了初步分析。常规统计短尾鼩体表螨类的构成比(C_r)、感染率(P_M)、平均多度(M_A)和感染度(M_I)。用Jaccard相似性系数(J)比较螨类物种相似度。用Margalef指数(M_f)测定螨类物种丰富度,同时计算螨类科属级物种多样性(D_F、D_G、D_(G-F))。用聚块指数(m*/m)和负二项分布的K参数(k)测定优势螨种的空间分布型。用协调系数(V)测定革螨和恙螨两大类群之间的协调关系。在所调查的30个县市中,从10个县市累积捕获到348只短尾鼩,采集到螨类15541只,分类鉴定为10科24属103种,恙螨物种丰富度(M_f)高于革螨,但革螨科属物种多样性各指标(D_G=2.80,D_F=2.32,D__(G-F)=0.17)均高于恙螨的相应指标(D_G=1.43,D_F=1.26,D_(G-F)=0.12)。短尾鼩体表螨类感染普遍,总感染率(P_M=80.75%)、总平均多度(M_A=44.66螨/鼩)和总感染度(M_I=55.31螨/鼩)均较高,革螨的这三项指标明显高于恙螨(P_M:χ~2=182.580,P 0.001;M_A:Z=-12.495,P 0.001;M_I:Z=-0.371,P 0.05)。两大螨类之间呈较低程度正协调(V=0.18,P 0.001)。短尾鼩地厉螨(Dipolaelaps anourosorecis)是短尾鼩体表的优势革螨(C_r=92.79%),密点纤恙螨(Leptotrombidium densipunctatum)是优势恙螨(C_r=23.10%),两种优势螨种在短尾鼩不同个体间呈聚集分布(m*/m 1,k 0)。不同性别和不同年龄短尾鼩体表螨类感染存在差异,螨类更倾向于感染雌性和成年短尾鼩。雌雄短尾鼩体表恙螨种类相似度较低(J=0.31),革螨种类相似度相对较高(J=0.65)。不同年龄短尾鼩体表恙螨种类相似度很低(J=0.17),革螨种类相似度也较低(J=0.28)。结果表明,云南省短尾鼩体表螨类感染普遍,感染程度重,螨类物种多样性很高。密点纤恙螨是优势恙螨,短尾鼩地厉螨是优势革螨,两种优势螨种均呈聚集分布。不同性别和不同年龄短尾鼩体表螨类感染存在性别偏倚和年龄偏倚。     

小村血厉螨Haemolaelaps casalis(Parasitiformes,Gamasoidea)生活史的实验研究

小村血厉螨的生活史分为5期:卵、幼虫、第一期若虫、第二期若虫和成虫。雌螨直接产第一期若虫最多,其次为幼虫,产卵最少。发育所需的时间与温度有关,在15-35℃间温度愈高发育愈速;在25-30℃时,卵期1-2天,幼虫1-2天,第一期若虫4-7天,第二期若虫4-10天,雌螨生殖前期7-14天,自第一期若虫到下一代第一期若虫全部生活史需15-27天。 小村血厉螨雌螨消化血时间的长短与温度及吸血量有关。 当有足够湿度时,耐饿力与温度成反比:30-35℃平均耐饿5周,25-30℃8周,20-25℃11周,15-20℃12周,5-15℃15周。 与其他巢穴型革螨相同,小村血厉螨雌螨的寿命是较长的,当25-30℃时活4-7个月。雌螨一生都进行生殖,可产7-26个后代。在实验情况下雌雄比例是近于3:1。雌螨可以孤雌生殖方法进行繁殖,其后代全部是雄性。 本文比较了小村血厉螨与一系列现有的其他革螨资料,并论述其减少产殖量与减少成虫前期死亡机会的关系。其减少成虫前期死亡机会是以胚胎发育化和缩减摄食营养期数来达到的。     

青海省寄生螨类的区系分布

根据建国以来的大量研究调查资料,对青海地区已记载的寄生螨类（主要包括革螨、恙螨）计10科33属100余种进行了初步的区系分布、数量与宿主关系的探讨。（1）河湟谷地小区[1]：计有45种,主要有：赛氏血革螨、秉氏血革螨、旱獭青厉螨、毒厉螨、鼠兔赫刺螨、褪色巨螯螨、似田鼠新恙螨、旱獭新恙螨等;（2）柴达木盆地小区：计有15种,具代表性种类为乌兰纤恙螨;（3）祁连青南小区：计有85种,具代表性种类为久治真棒恙螨、玉树羽叶恙螨和朱雀禽棒恙螨;（4）羌塘高原小区：计有3种,皆为血厉螨属种类。     

中国血厉螨属一新种记述(蜱螨亚纲,厉螨科)

记述采自宁夏平罗县葬甲科Silphidae昆虫体表的1革螨新种,金氏血厉螨Haemolaelaps jindaochaoi sp.nov..模式标本保存于军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所昆虫标本馆和宁夏回族自治区疾病预防控制中心.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.