伯乐树科及其近缘科的花粉形态研究

本文观察了伯乐树科、省沽油科、牛栓藤科、七叶树科、无患子科、罂粟科,共6科、17属、21种植物的花粉形态。依据花粉资料,探讨了伯乐树科的系统位置。认为伯乐树科与无患子目中牛栓藤科关系较为密切。牛栓藤科较为进化,伯乐树科较为原始。与无患子目中其他一些科关系不明显。伯乐树科与罂粟科、豆科中云实亚科的花粉形态有某些相似,而伯乐树科较为进化。与辣木科、白花菜科花粉形态较少相似。     

湖南省永州都庞岭自然保护区爬行动物群落结构的调查研究

本文报道了湖南永州都庞岭自然保护区的４１ 种爬行动物, 它们隶属２ 目,１２ 科, 其中龟鳖目３ 科（平胸龟科、龟科、鳖科） ３ 种; 有鳞目中的蜥蜴亚目５ 科（鬣蜥科、壁虎科、石龙子科、蜥蜴科、双足蜥科） ８ 种;蛇亚目４ 科（闪鳞蛇科、游蛇科、眼镜蛇科、蝰科） ３０ 种。保护区内的爬行动物有１２－２％ 属广布动物, ８７－８％ 属东洋界种类。     

广州市蝴蝶群落结构与多样性

2005年5月-2006年12月对广州市蝴蝶资源进行调查,对该区域蝴蝶群落的物种组成、结构特点和多样性进行了分析.共记述蝴蝶10科45属73种;个体数量以粉蝶科最多,蛱蝶科、凤蝶科次之;各科蝴蝶物种丰富度以蛱蝶科最高,Margalef丰度指数为3.87,凤蝶科、眼蝶科次之;各科的种多样性指数大小依次为凤蝶科、蛱蝶科、眼蝶科、粉蝶科、弄蝶科、灰蝶科、环蝶科、蚬蝶科、斑蝶科和珍蝶科;属多样性指数大小依次为蛱蝶科、粉蝶科、眼蝶科、弄蝶科、凤蝶科、灰蝶科、环蝶科、蚬蝶科、斑蝶科和珍蝶科;凤蝶科均匀度最高,Pielou均匀度指数为0.90,其次为弄蝶科和灰蝶科.     

数学形态学在昆虫分类学上的应用研究.Ⅲ.在科阶元上的应用研究

在科分类阶元上对半翅目、鳞翅目和鞘翅目8个科的23种昆虫图像中提取的昆虫面积、周长等11项数学形态特征进行了统计分析。结果表明,在科的阶元上11项特征可靠性大小依次为(似圆度、偏心率)>(面积、周长、横轴长、球状性)>(纵轴长、圆形性)>(形状参数、叶状性)>亮斑数。从数学形态学角度出发,夜蛾科等3个科的亲缘关系远近为夜蛾科与粉蝶科>大蚕蛾科与粉蝶科>夜蛾科与大蚕蛾科;鳃金龟等3科的亲缘关系远近为鳃金龟科与天牛科、丽金龟科与天牛科>鳃金龟科与丽金龟科。     

福建茫荡山黄枝润楠群落植物区系特点研究

采用典型调查与线路调查相结合的方法,对茫荡山自然保护区黄枝润楠群落的植物区系进行调查分析。结果表明,该群落植物种类丰富,区域性单种科和少种科、单种属和少种属、少属科和寡属科占优势;以樟科、山茶科、茜草科、蔷薇科、紫金牛科、桑科等为优势科;以润楠属、山茶属、冬青属、榕属等为优势属,以樟科、山茶科、桑科、紫金牛科、五加科、冬青科等为表征科。体现了该区系组成分散,优势科属明显,区系起源古老,具有华南植物区系的特征。     

广西芳香植物资源概况及开发前景

广西芳香植物极为丰富。根据《广西植物名录》、《中国经济植物》、《中国香料植物栽培与加工》和近年有关资料的统计,广西芳香植物有270余种,隶属于100属,60科,其中广西特有的有65种,隶属17个科。含香味物质最多的科是:松科、柏科、木兰科、八角科、番荔枝科、樟科、马兜铃科、胡椒科、瑞香科、桃金娘科、蔷薇科、芸香科、伞形花科、木犀科、菊科、唇形科、姜科、天南星科、禾亚科等。本文分述主要的科、种植物学名,芳香部位,化学成分,用途及分布。以及如何开发和进一步利用广西芳香植物资源等问题。     

甘肃崆峒山种子植物区系科的分析

崆峒山位于甘肃省平凉市境内 ,面积约 1 82 .5 2km2 。有野生种子植物 662种 ,隶属于 3 43属 ,88科。其中世界广布科 2 3个 ,占总科数的 2 6.1 4 %;热带科 3 5个 ,占 3 9.77%;温带科 3 0个 ,占 3 4.0 9%,并且单属科和少属科较丰富。虽然热带科的比例较高 ,但分布至该区的属和种大多是温带性质的。崆峒山的优势科是菊科、禾本科、蔷薇科、豆科、唇形科等 ,而表征科则是桦木科、麻黄科、胡颓子科、忍冬科、罂粟科、榆科、金粟兰科、虎耳草科等。该区系的起源有明显的古老性。     

滇东南马关古林箐热带雨林望天树群落的研究

云南东南部马关县古林箐的望天树群落以龙脑香科植物望天树为乔木层优势种,无患子科植物番龙眼为亚优势种,外貌以常绿大、中高位芽植物组成为特征,林内板根和茎花现象普遍,层间木质藤本和维管附生植物丰富,属于一种热带季节性雨林群落类型。在植物区系组成上,该群落以樟科、番荔枝科、楝科、大戟科、桑科、无患子科、橄榄科、柿树科等为主要组成科,在重要值统计上,以大戟科、无患子科、柿树科、龙脑香科、番荔枝科、樟科、楝科、橄榄科、桑科等为较优势的科,与东南亚热带雨林很接近,故为东南亚热带雨林的北缘类型。     

秦岭种子植物区系科的组成、特点及其地理成分研究

秦岭种子植物区系组成丰富, 共有种子植物198 科、1007 属、3446 种, 区系组成的大科及主要科共16 科, 占秦岭种子植物总数属的50.05%, 总种数的57.25%, 它们构成了秦岭植物区系组成的基本框架, 就其性质来讲, 绝大多数为温带性质。松科、壳斗科、桦木科、杨柳科、蔷薇科、杜鹃花科、禾本科、莎草科等是秦岭植被的区系组成的优势科, 从地理成分上来分析, 本区科的分布型可以划分为世界或亚世界分布科、热带分布科、温带分布科、间断分布科以及东亚和中国特有科, 其区系的起源则有明显的古老性。     

四川雀形目鸟巢和鸟卵记述

本文对四川雀形目燕科、鹤鸰科、山椒鸟科、鹎科、伯劳科、黄鹂科、卷尾科、鸦科、山雀科、绣眼鸟科、文鸟科、雀科和科等13科49种另2亚种鸟类的巢和卵进行了记述。其中我国特产鸟类黑额山噪鹛的巢、卵和山噪鹛的卵均为首次报道。     

微藻无菌化技术的研究进展

无菌纯藻是深入开展藻类生理学和遗传学研究的基础。目前已有涂布划线法,离心洗涤技术、稀释滤过技术、辐照技术、毛细吸管技术、抗生素技术、化学消毒技术、利用其他生理特性等技术用于微藻的纯化。拟介绍国内外近年来微藻无菌纯化技术的研究进展。     

一种用于食草动物粪便显微组织分析的临时装片新技术

粪便显微组织分析法是研究食草动物食性的主要方法,其常规装片技术需要使用Hoyer's 装片介质对植物碎片进行封片,而Hoyer's 封片液的粘性易导致植物碎片在装片过程中发生卷曲和重叠,影响植物碎片的识别效果。本文提出的新装片技术采用没有粘性的饱和NaCl 溶液代替Hoyer's 装片介质,结合特定的定量取样方法和装片程序,可以有效地减少植物碎片的卷曲率和重叠率。对比试验显示,新装片技术可使植物碎片卷曲率从10.4% 下降至3.8%,重叠率从25% 下降至8.1% ,说明新装片技术在减少植物碎片卷曲和重叠方面明显优于常规装片方法。     

免疫胶体金技术的应用及展望

免疫胶体金技术是继三大标记技术(荧光素、放射性同位素和酶)后发展起来的固相标记免疫测定技术。免疫胶体金标记技术是以胶体金作为示踪标志物,应用于抗原抗体反应的一种新型免疫标记技术。近年来,该技术在医学、动植物检疫、食品安全监督等各领域得到了日益广泛的应用。从胶体金技术的基本原理、制备方法、标记技术、应用现状及其优点等方面作一简要综述,并对该技术的发展前景作了展望。     

中国蜘蛛染色体组型的研究进展

概述了蜘蛛染色体制片的6种方法：生殖巢切片法、精巢压片法、单胚滴片法、混合胚滴片法、血细胞制片法和单一胚胎压片法,并总结分析了蜘蛛目15科22属27种染色体核型。 Abstract:Six methods for making preparation of chromosomes of spiders,including gonad slice technique,testis squash technique,single embry drop technique,mix embryo-cells drop technique,blood cell drop technique and single embryo-cell squash technique,are summarized in this paper.The karyotypes of 27 species from 22 genus in15 families are analysed.     

An evaluation of techniques for measuring yield turgor in excised Salix leaves

Abstract. The use of three techniques for determining yield turgor in excised Salix leaves was investigated. These were the osmotic-solutions technique, the psychrometer technique, and the pressure-chamber technique. The application of the osmotic-solutions technique to a range of leaf types was discussed and the appropriate corrections for volume changes and the contribution of apoplastic water were detailed. It was concluded that the osmotic-solutions technique is not satisfactory for use with slowly growing and/or very elastic leaves. The psychrometer and pressure-chamber techniques were both simple compared with the osmotic-solutions technique, and gave values for yield turgor in the range of 0·3–0·5 MPa. A disadvantage of the psychrometer technique for field applications is that it requires one psychrometer chamber per sample. The pressure-chamber technique was modified for use as a field technique where multiple sampling could be easily and inexpensively achieved. Particular care was required with this technique to prevent water loss from the leaf during stress relaxation, but simple and effective procedures for doing so were found. The modified pressure-chamber technique described here, is recommended as the preferred technique for measuring the yield turgor of leaves in experiments where many simultaneous estimates of yield turgor are to be made.     

The influence of step-down technique on lower extremity mechanics during curb descent

When stepping down from a curb, individuals typically make initial ground contact with either their rearfoot or forefoot. The purpose of this study was to compare vertical ground reaction forces, lower extremity mechanics, and intra-limb work distribution when individuals adopt a rearfoot technique vs. a forefoot technique, during simulated curb descent. Sixteen subjects stepped down from a platform with both a rearfoot and a forefoot technique. Vertical ground reaction forces and sagittal plane joint kinematics and kinetics were examined for the lead limb during the step-down task. Paired t-tests were used for comparison. Subjects demonstrated greater ankle joint power and negative work, and less hip joint power and negative work, with the forefoot technique vs. the rearfoot technique. Total lower extremity negative work was greater for the forefoot technique vs. the rearfoot technique. The percent contribution to the total negative work was greater for the ankle joint, and less for the hip and knee joints, with the forefoot technique vs. the rearfoot technique. The results of this study may provide insight into how curb descent technique can be modified to alter lower extremity loading.     

食用菌原生质体技术的研究进展

综述了食用菌原生质体再生、诱变、融合技术以及原生质体技术与其他生物技术相结合的研究进展,提出了在现有研究中存在的问题,并展望了原生质体技术的发展趋势.     

扩增片断长度多态性(AFLP)荧光标记和银染技术的比较分析

实验采用AFLP的荧光标记分析技术和常规的AFLP银染技术,对施用农药和未施用农药的狼蛛基因多态性进行分析.用4对引物扩增和银染法共检测出32条带,荧光标记技术共检测出223条带.荧光技术比银染方法在每个位点上多检测到24条带,检测效果更为理想,更适于进行遗传多样性分析和研究;对两种方法的费用和工作效率做了初步分析,AFLP荧光标记技术的检测效率是银染法的690倍,同时对AFLP荧光标记技术中低成本、高通量多重PCR体系的建立及Genescan软件数据分析中出现的一些具体问题进行了探讨.     

A technique using reusable components for hand-infesting cornstalks with European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae

Field trials were conducted in 2005 and 2006 to evaluate the use of reusable wire nuts and nonreusable gelatin capsules for hand-infesting cornstalks with European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae. The reusable technique, which consists of a modified WingGard plastic wire connector (i.e., wire nut) as a containment device for larvae, was compared over three plant growth stages to a gelatin capsule technique. In 2005 and 2006, the wire nut technique resulted in significantly higher number of wire nuts still intact (i.e., undamaged, with or without a larva) on the stalk at 72 h after infestation compared with the gelatin capsule technique. In addition, the wire nut technique resulted in significantly higher number of tunnels per stalk compared with the gelatin capsule technique at all three corn growth stages during both years. In 2005, the mean +/- SEM number of tunnels per stalk was 0.53 +/- 0.03 in the wire nut technique compared with 0.13 +/- 0.03 tunnels per stalk in the gelatin capsule technique. In 2006, the mean number of tunnels per stalk was 0.45 +/- 0.03 in the wire nut technique compared with 0.08 +/- 0.02 tunnels per stalk in the gelatin capsule technique. In addition, the relative net precision in the wire-nut technique was approximately 2 times higher compared with the gelatin capsule technique.     

Modified mattress suture technique to correct anterior septal deviation

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a modified mattress suture technique in septal anterior deviation correction and to compare it with the Hinderer technique. This was a randomized, controlled, single-blind clinical trial. Fifty patients with anterior septal deviation were assigned to one of two surgery treatment groups: in group A, 25 patients underwent anterior septoplasty with modified mattress suture technique; and in group B, 25 patients underwent anterior septoplasty with the Hinderer technique. Subjective (oral respiration, epistaxis, rhinorrhea, and nasal obstruction) and objective (anterior rhinomanometry) parameters were analyzed and compared between groups. Better results in obstructive deflections were achieved with the modified mattress suture technique. Unilateral and total nasal resistances improved during the 6-month follow-up in patients who underwent anterior septoplasty with the modified mattress suture technique, and there was a significant difference in the values when compared with patients who underwent anterior septoplasty with rhinoplasty using the Hinderer technique (p = 0.003). The modified mattress suture technique had better subjective and objective results than rhinoplasty with the Hinderer technique and therefore could be considered as an alternative technique in anterior septal surgery.