遮蔽行为对海刺猬摄食、生长和性腺性状的影响

海胆遮蔽行为对于海胆的生长和发育的影响目前还不清楚,在实验室条件下,研究了遮蔽行为对海刺猬(Glyptocidariscrenularis)摄食、生长和性腺性状的影响。实验设两个对照组和一个处理组:对照组为无任何遮蔽条件的空白组和以堆积砖块创造的黑暗空间来满足海胆的掩蔽行为的掩蔽组,遮蔽组则以菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)的贝壳作为遮蔽物来满足海胆的遮蔽行为。结果显示:遮蔽组的海胆周摄食量要显著大于掩蔽组(P<0.05),而空白组与遮蔽组和掩蔽组之间的差异不显著(P>0.05);各组海胆的存活率没有显著差异(P>0.05);空白组和遮蔽组海胆的壳径、壳高、体重要显著大于掩蔽组(P<0.05),而空白组和遮蔽组之间没有显著性的差异(P>0.05);空白组和遮蔽组的性腺湿重、性腺干重、性腺指数、壳湿重、壳干重、亚氏提灯湿重、亚氏提灯干重要显著大于掩蔽组(P<0.05),而空白组和遮蔽组之间没有显著性的差异(P>0.05);空白组的提灯指数要显著小于遮蔽组和掩蔽组(P<0.05),而遮蔽组和掩蔽组之间没有显著的差异(P>0.05)。结果证明,遮蔽和掩蔽行为对海刺猬生长及发育的影响是有差别的,掩蔽行为对海刺猬的生长与发育造成了负面影响,而遮蔽行为在一定的生活环境条件下不会对其生长造成影响。研究表明,海刺猬的遮蔽行为反映了其对外界不利环境条件的一种适应性,且这种行为对其生长和发育的影响与掩蔽行为有所不同。至于海刺猬遮蔽行为的进化选择压力,目前的研究还不足以下定论,需要进一步深入的研究。     

盐度、温度对卵形鲳鲹选育群体肝抗氧化酶活力的影响

通过盐度渐变和温度骤变的方法,分别研究了不同盐度(10、20、30、40)处理和不同温度(18.0℃、21.0℃、24.6℃、29.0℃、32.0℃)处理对卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)选育群体肝超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活力的影响.在实验结束时,盐度10组酶活力与对照组无显著差异(P＞0.05),盐度20组SOD活力极显著低于对照组(P＜0.01);盐度40组120 h时,SOD和GPX活力极显著低于对照组(P＜0.01),CAT活力与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05).18.0℃和21.0℃ SOD活力在1、3、6、12、24 h这5个取样时间点均高于对照组,CAT活力在实验结束时(24 h)极显著高于对照组(P ＜0.01);29.0℃SOD和CAT活力在实验结束时(24 h)显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);32.0℃ SOD和CAT活力在5个取样时间点均显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).结果表明,适当的盐度或温度变化可以改变卵形鲳鲹肝抗氧化酶活力,达到机体耐受极限时酶活力下降.     

2种化学药物对高原鼢鼠行为及生理的影响

为探究2种抗焦虑化学药物(米非司酮和醋酸奥曲肽)对高原鼢鼠Eospalax baileyi应激的缓解作用,以生理盐水为对照组,以预选浓度为10 mg·mL~(-1)的米非司酮和10μg·mL~(-1)醋酸奥曲肽为实验组。间隔灌胃7 d后,对高原鼢鼠的采食量、体质量、心率、旷场行为和激素水平进行测定。结果发现,实验组的采食量较对照组显著增加(P0.05);旷场行为实验中,醋酸奥曲肽组的中央格停留时间显著大于对照组(P0.05),米非司酮组的修饰频次显著多于对照组(P0.05),实验组的攀爬次数和水平运动量均显著小于对照组(P0.05);实验组的皮质酮、促肾上腺皮质激素水平均低于对照组,且米非司酮组显著低于对照组(P0.05)。综合分析表明,米非司酮可显著缓解室内养殖环境下高原鼢鼠的应激反应,对提高其成活率具有重要作用。     

利用竞争型ELISA法鉴定硒诱导的金属硫蛋白

利用竞争型ELISA法鉴定硒诱导的金属硫蛋白 (MT) ,发现对照组小鼠肝脏MT含量为 (2 .47± 0 .90 )μg/g湿重组织 ,硫酸锌组小鼠肝脏MT含量为 (8.15± 2 .2 0 ) μg/ g湿重组织 ,硒麦芽组小鼠肝脏MT含量为(12 .80± 1.44 ) μg/ g湿重组织。锌组和硒组的MT含量与对照组相比有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 5 )。硒组MT含量要显著高于锌组的MT含量 (P <0 .0 5 )。     

角叉菜胶诱导的慢性血栓小鼠模型的建立

目的采用不同浓度的角叉菜胶溶液连续腹腔注射的方式处理小鼠,筛选慢性血栓小鼠模型的条件。方法将70只ICR雄性小鼠随机分为7组,每组10只,即:空白组对照组、0.02%剂量组、0.04%剂量组、0.06%剂量组、0.08%剂量组、0.10%剂量组、0.20%剂量组。空白组小鼠腹腔注射生理盐水(0.01 mL/g),其余组腹腔注射相应浓度的角叉菜胶溶液(0.01 mL/g),每天注射1次;各组小鼠饲养于(20±1)℃室温下并自由采食、饮水。每天观察各组出现黑尾的情况(黑尾率、黑尾长度);出栓即采样;采血检测血凝四项,检测结肠组织与血浆中氧化应激指标及炎性因子指标。结果 0.06%剂量组小鼠第5天出栓2只,第6天出栓8只;与空白对照组相比,0.06%剂量组小鼠FIB含量显著升高(P 0.05),APTT显著缩短(P 0.05),TT显著延长(P 0.05),PT极显著延长(P 0.01); 0.06%剂量组结肠组织与血浆中SOD、GSH-Px均极显著降低(P 0.01)、MDA显著升高(P0.05); 0.06%剂量组结肠组织与血浆中TNF-α、IL-1β显著升高(P0.05)、IL-10显著降低(P 0.05)。结论初步得出室温为(20±1)℃条件下,0.06%的角叉菜胶溶液(0.01 mL/g)连续腹腔注射6 d(每天1次)是建立慢性血栓小鼠模型的最适条件。     

重症心力衰竭患者运动病理生理学特征的临床研究

目的:通过症状限制性极限运动心肺运动试验(CPET),从整体整合角度研究慢性心力衰竭患者(CHF)的运动病理生理学特征。方法:选2016年10月至2017年10月就诊于中国医学科学院阜外医院签署知情同意书后的CHF 83例,并选同期12例正常人作为对照。在严格定标、规范化操作下按照美国加州大学洛杉矶分校医学中心标准完成连续递增功率方案的症状限制性CPET,并检测运动中呼吸循环代谢等功能指标。结果:CHF病人CPET核心指标中峰值摄氧量为(14.33±2.69) ml/(min·kg),(44.25±14.74)%pred显著低于正常对照组(29.42±5.46) ml/(min·kg),(83.88±6.28)%pred。此外,CHF组患者的无氧阈(AT)、峰值氧脉搏、摄氧通气效率峰值平台(OUEP)、二氧化碳通气当量最小值(Lowest ■)、二氧化碳通气当量斜率(■ Slope)均与正常对照组有显著统计学差异(P0.01);CHF肺功能核心指标一秒用力呼气容积(FEV_1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、一秒率(FEV_1/FVC)、肺一氧化碳弥散量(D_LCO)百分预计值均显著低于正常对照组(P0.01)。CHF组收缩压的5个功能状态均显著低于正常对照组(P0.05),舒张压无统计学差异,心率在无氧阈、峰值和恢复2 min时均显著低于正常对照组(P0.01)。分钟通气量、潮气量和呼吸频率在静息和热身状态下显著高于正常对照组(P0.05),在运动极限时显著低于正常对照组(P0.05),潮气量在恢复期显著高于正常对照组(P0.05)。摄氧量在无氧阈、峰值和恢复2 min显著高于正常对照组(P0.01);氧脉搏在无氧阈、峰值显著高于正常对照组(P0.01);脉搏氧饱和在5个功能状态均显著低于正常对照组(P0.01)。结论:心源性疾病导致的CHF患者整体功能下降主要源于循环受限,同时呼吸和代谢也有受限。     

海头红的海水铁含量适宜性

20℃条件下,研究了6个不同海水铁含量处理[23(自然海水,对照)、100、300、500、700、900μg·L-1]对海头红(Plocamium telfairiae)相对生长速率、藻胆蛋白含量及过氧化物酶和固氮酶活力的影响,分析了海头红的海水铁含量适宜性。结果表明:经30 d培育实验,海水铁含量为100μg·L-1处理组海头红的相对生长速率(RGR)达到最大值(1.14%·d-1),极显著高于其他海水铁含量处理组(P0.01),而海水铁含量为300~900μg·L-1处理组海头红的RGR在0.26~0.34%·d-1,与对照组无明显不同(P0.05);海头红3种藻胆蛋白含量均随海水铁含量的增加呈先增加后缓慢下降的变化趋势,并于100μg·L-1时达到最大值,海头红过氧化物酶活力亦在海水铁含量100μg·L-1条件下达到最高值(14.5U·mg-1),显著高于其他处理组(P0.05),但不同海水铁含量对海头红固氮酶活力无显著影响(P0.05)。适宜性分析表明,在设定的5个海水富铁处理中,100μg·L-1铁含量对海头红的促生长作用最显著。     

摄食水平和投喂频率对大菱鲆幼鱼生长及生化成分的影响

以大菱鲆幼鱼(7.56±0.03 g)为试验对象,在水温17～19℃下,设计了4个摄食水平梯度(1.0％、1.5％、2.0％和饱食)和3个投喂频率梯度(1、2和3次·d-1),探讨了不同摄食水平和投喂频率对其生长及生化成分的影响.结果表明:随着摄食水平的升高,大菱鲆幼鱼的终末体重、相对增重率和摄食率显著升高(P＜0.05);特定生长率随摄食水平的增加呈线性升高;湿重、干重、蛋白质和能量转化效率出现先升高后降低的趋势;摄食水平对鱼体的体成分和组间表观消化率无显著影响(P＞0.05);不同投喂频率下,终末体重、相对增重率、特定生长率及转化效率呈先升高再降低的趋势,在2次·d-1时取得最大值;投喂频率对鱼体的体成分和组间表观消化率无显著影响(P＞O.05).     

奥氮平诱导大鼠肥胖及其机制研究

目的建立奥氮平诱导的肥胖大鼠模型,并探讨其诱导肥胖的发生机制。方法 SD雌性大鼠20只,随机分为对照组和模型组,模型组大鼠每日黑暗时相前1h灌胃奥氮平(1.2mg/kg),对照组给予等容量蒸馏水。每周称体重1次,测饮水饮食量2次。给药7周时,利用SMART video-tracking system测定大鼠白天和黑暗时相的自主活动,然后处理大鼠,测体长,计算Lee's指数,称脂肪湿重,计算脂肪系数,采用高效液相色谱-电化学检测(HPLC-ECD)法测定大鼠下丘脑神经递质,用ELISA试剂盒测定血清瘦素(leptin)、脂联素(adiponectin,ADP)水平。结果模型组大鼠造模第2周至第7周时体重均明显高于对照组(P0.05或P0.01),饮食量明显增加(P0.01),黑暗时相平均速度、路程明显减少(P0.05),Lee's指数、脂肪湿重、脂肪系数明显升高(P0.05或P0.01),下丘脑5-HT、DA、DOPAC含量明显升高(P0.01或P0.05),血清leptin含量明显升高(P0.01),ADP含量明显降低(P0.01)。结论奥氮平(1.2mg/kg)增加动物摄食量,减少活动量而引起肥胖,此作用与下丘脑神经递质、瘦素和脂联素的调节有着密切联系。     

滞育七星瓢虫的代谢适应与抗寒性评价

滞育是部分昆虫固有的适应逆境胁迫的遗传属性,七星瓢虫具有显著的滞育现象。本文以七星瓢虫雌成虫为试材,研究正常发育、滞育及滞育解除后3组处理试虫糖、脂、蛋白等关键代谢物质含量波动规律,总结滞育期间的代谢适应特点,解析其与过冷却能力的相关性,探索滞育对七星瓢虫逆境胁迫耐受力的促升效应,丰富七星瓢虫的滞育基础理论研究。利用物质干湿重差数法测定七星瓢虫的含水量;利用氯仿-甲醇(体积比为2∶1)法抽提除去自由水个体的脂肪;总糖、海藻糖、甘油、山梨醇及总蛋白的测定采用标准曲线法,利用SUN-II型智能昆虫过冷却点测定仪测定七星瓢虫的过冷却点(supercooling point,SCP)。结果表明,七星瓢虫滞育组含水量(58.11%±6.55%)显著低于正常发育组(68.49%±2.26%)和滞育解除组(65.84%±4.02%)(F=8.15,P0.01),滞育解除后含水量恢复至正常发育组水平;滞育组总糖(10.60±0.54μg/mg)、糖原(8.72±0.62μg/mg)、脂肪(173.66±19.01μg/mg)含量远远高于正常发育组和滞育解除组(F=46.57,P=0.0006;F=114.25,P0.0001;F=8.48,P0.01);滞育组总蛋白含量(49.20±3.80μg/mg)显著低于正常发育组(71.02±6.15μg/mg)和滞育解除组(69.45±4.66μg/mg)(F=46.57,P=0.0006);滞育组中海藻糖(1.31±0.27μg/mg)、甘油(1.74±0.50μg/mg)、山梨醇(9.84±3.02μg/mg)含量与正常发育组、滞育解除组无显著性差异(F=0.79,P=0.4946;F=1.33,P=0.3004;F=1.69,P=0.2387)。七星瓢虫在滞育条件下其过冷却点(-16.53℃±1.44℃)显著低于正常发育组(-14.07℃±1.33℃)和滞育解除组(-15.29℃±2.10℃)(F=13.47,P0.0001),经过滞育低温驯化后滞育解除组过冷却点较对照组有所降低。滞育诱发七星瓢虫发生显著的代谢适应,蛋白含量显著降低,抑制新陈代谢进程;糖脂含量显著升高,保障滞育维持及解除后发育的能量需求;七星瓢虫滞育属糖原积累型;滞育个体过冷却点大幅下降,耐寒性显著提升。     

Uniform hypothesis of cell behavior--movement, contact inhibition of movement, adhesion, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, division, contact inhibition of division, fusion.

The cell has been represented as a charged liquid drop. Contrary to the DLVO-theory, the effect of the surface potential upon the value of the interfacial tension of the cell membrane has also been taken into consideration. The cell membrane has visco-elastic properties and its constituents may move against each other. Cell movement is caused by the appearance of a small number of the electrically charged constituents of the cell membrane on the leading edge of the cell. This produces a local decrease in the surface tension and the cell membrane expansion. At the moment of contact between two cells proton transfers occur between the strongly negatively charged microvilli of one cell and the body of the other, analogous to a condenser breakdown. This, through the effect on the surface tension, causes contact inhibition of movement. The distribution of the proton dissociable groups modifies the interaction between the cells (differentiation) and between the cell and the substratum (adhesion). Adsorption of the charged compounds at the surface of the cell membrane, decreasing the surface potential and increasing the surface tension, causes the phenomena of chemotaxis, phagocytosis and pinocytosis. Cell division, considered in the terms of the surface energy, requires an adequate supply of considerable quantities of energy inversely proportional to the surface potential value. In case of a reduction of the distance between the cells, their surface potential and the energetic barrier of the cell division processes increases, and causes contact inhibition of cell division. Due to their high charge, division of neoplastic cells is inhibited much later than division of normal cells, or is completely ininhibited due to geometric conditions. Fusion of the cell membrane in the intra-cellular and intercellular processes is a reverse process in relation to the cell division.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

The effect of malathion,diazinon, and various concentrations of zinc,copper, nickel,lead, iron,and mercury on fish

Acute and chronic toxicity tests for malathion, diazinon, copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and iron (Fe) were conducted. Mortalities ofBarilius vagra andCyprinus carpio (common carp) were variable but LC50-96 hr were similar for pesticides. AdultB. vagra seem to be more sensitive to malathion than juvenile carp. Both juvenile carp and adultB. vagra were extremely sensitive to diazinon. Long-term exposure to pesticides modified morphology and behavior. The LC50-96 values for Cu, Hg, and Pb were 0.3, 0.16, and 0.44, respectively, for smaller fish and 1.0, 0.77, and 1.33, respectively, for larger fish. Replicate LC50 values for Zn, Ni, and Fe were somewhat variable, and for these metals, the size of the fish seemed to affect response because LC50 values increased as fish size increased. Cooper, Pb, Zn, and Fe residues following exposure to sublethal concentrations of these metals for 15 d were significantly greater in whole juvenile common carp than in controls.     

Synthesis,tautomerism, and antimicrobial,anti-HCV,anti-SSPE,antioxidant, and antitumor activities of arylazobenzosuberones

2-Dimethylaminomethylene-1-benzosuberone 1 was coupled with diazotized aniline derivatives to afford a series of the hitherto unreported 2-arylazo-1-benzosuberones 3a–i. The tautomeric structure and the effect of substituents on the tautomeric form (s) of the products 3a–i were discussed. Similar coupling of the enaminone 1 with diazonium salts of heterocyclic amines gave the respective fused azolotriazino-benzosuberones. Some of the newly synthesized compounds showed potent antimicrobial, anti-HCV, antioxidant, antitumor (as topoisomerase I inhibitors), and antimicrobial activities.