平衡型氨基酸透析液对维持性血液透析患者血浆游离氨基酸含量的影响

目的:研究一种平衡型氨基酸透析液,探讨其对维持性血透患者血游离氨基酸含量的影响。方法:实验采用自身对照设计,应用蛋白水解法测定、分析应用氨基酸透析液血透前后患者血浆氨基酸含量,并同时测定应用碳酸盐透析液患者及健康人血浆游离氨基酸作为比较。结果:经碳酸盐透析后,患者血浆大多数游离氨基酸和总氨基酸含量显著降低。给予平衡氨基酸透析液能不同程度改善患者血浆游离氨基酸的含量。结论:平衡型氨基酸透析液能减少血中部分氨基酸的丢失。     

带血与排血梅花鹿茸骨片游离氨基酸含量的比较分析

选用6对带血与排血梅花鹿茸骨片对其游离氨基酸的含量进行了对比测定,结果表明含有7种必需氨基酸,必需氨基酸所占比例约30%,必需与非必需游离氨基酸之比约0.4。对两者进行方差分析,两种样品游离氨基酸总量和必需游离氨基酸总量差异不显著(P(0.05)。     

大麦籽粒及花药愈伤组织的游离氨基酸含量分析

对同一基因型大麦花药愈伤组织与籽粒中的游离氨基酸含量尤其是赖氨酸含量之间的关系进行分析,结果表明,对同一基因型而言,愈伤组织及籽粒中的同一氨基酸含量高低具有相同趋势。同时着重分析了愈伤组织中游离脯氨酸的含量与绿苗分化的关系,结果表明游离脯氨酸含量高的愈伤组织,其绿苗分化率较高,说明脯氨酸对绿苗分化具有重要作用。966259的花药愈伤组织及籽粒中的游离氨基酸总含量及游离赖氨酸含量均最高。     

烧伤患者血浆和红细胞游离氨基酸变化及输注氨基酸对其变化的影响

动态测定烧伤患者血浆及红细胞内游离氨基酸的含量 ,探讨输入外源性氨基酸后对血及红细胞内游离氨基酸的影响。以日立 835— 5 0型氨基酸自动分析仪测定烧伤患者血浆及红细胞内游离氨基酸含量。结果发现烧伤患者血浆总游离氨基酸浓度从伤后到 2 1天均显著降低 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1) ;赖、苯丙和苯丙 酪氨酸比值显著升高 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1) ;色、组、精、丙、甘、苏、脯和丝氨酸比值显著降低 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1) ;缬、亮、异亮、酪、胱和支链氨基酸伤后早期降低。烧伤患者红细胞内总游离氨基酸含量不同程度降低 ,其中 1、3、7天降低显著 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1) ;红细胞内苯丙和苯丙 酪氨酸比值未见显著性升高 ;色、蛋、精、脯氨酸含量很低或基本未测出。输注复合氨基酸注射液后未能显著改善患者血及红细胞内游离氨基酸含量。结果提示烧伤患者红细胞内游离氨基酸含量的变化趋势与血浆游离氨基酸变化趋势基本一致 ;烧伤后红细胞内苯丙氨酸及苯丙 酪氨酸比值有别于血浆变化。本研究条件下补充外源性氨基酸未能显著改变烧伤患者血浆及红细胞内游离氨基酸的含量     

低温贮藏期间百合鳞茎中的游离氨基酸组分和含量变化

百合鳞茎的游离氨基酸主要集中在顶芽和内部鳞片等幼嫩组织中,含量最高、变化最大的是精氨酸.谷氨酸族的氨基酸在鳞茎代谢中起重要作用.顶芽的氨基酸总量及精氨酸含量随贮藏温度的升高而增加.贮藏过程中,鳞茎盘的氨基酸含量下降,顶芽和贮备组织中其含量有明显升高的过程.贮藏前期34 d内游离氨基酸含量发生显著变化.     

蓖麻蚕血淋巴蛋白质代谢的研究

本文研究了不同发育期的蓖麻蚕血淋巴中蛋白盾、游离氨基酸和核酸的含量变动,以及氨基酸激活酶活性的改变。血淋巴蛋白质的含量在五龄中期以前增加极慢,以后则急剧上升,至预蛹期达最高峰,化蛹时减少,在蛹的前半期变动不大,至后期则显著下降。血淋巴中游离氨基酸、氨基酸激活酶和核酸的变化各与蛋白质的变动有一定的相关性,反映了这些物质与血淋巴蛋白质在代谢上的相互联系。氨基酸激活酶活性的变化和蛋白质总含量的变化基本上相一致。游离氨基酸含量的减少往往伴随着蛋白质的相应增多。而RNA:DNA比的增加则一般发生于蛋白质的增加之前。从这几种物质的变动情况及相互联系,分析了血淋巴中蛋白质合成的可能性,并讨论了血淋巴蛋白质在发育中的作用。     

小菜蛾感染球孢白僵菌后血淋巴游离氨基酸的测定

通过高效液相色谱（HPLC）对感染球孢白僵菌后小菜蛾血淋巴游离氨基酸含量进行测定,结果表明染菌后小菜蛾幼虫体内氨基酸含量明显低于对照组,主要是由于菌株在虫体内营养生长消耗和虫体内的养分所致;小菜蛾幼虫体内具有菌株营养生长所必需的氨基酸,因此可以认为小菜蛾是白僵菌的敏感寄主;各处理组间各种游离氨基酸在量上存在一定的差异,是由于不同发育阶段的虫体与菌株及不同类型菌株营养生长所必需的游离氨基酸含量不同所造成的。     

休克期切痂猪血浆氨基酸的变化

观察烧伤休克期切痂后猪血浆游离氨基酸的变化规律 ,探讨焦痂毒素对全血氨基酸浓度的影响。以日历83 5 5 0型氨基酸自动分析仪 ,测定TBSA3 5 %Ⅲ度实验用小型猪血浆游离氨基酸 ,同时分析相关指标 (血LPS、GPT和TNF)的变化 ,结果显示休克期切痂组血浆游离氨基酸 (除个别氨基酸的个别时间点有变化外 )无显著性变化 ;在伤后 6d和 1 0d苯丙氨酸显著降低 ,血LPS、GPT和TNF也较对照组低 ,提示焦痂的存在对肝脏代谢有一定的影响     

板蓝根热加工过程中氨基酸组分分析

利用氨基酸自动分析仪对板蓝根的新鲜植物组织和不同加工程度的板蓝根药材中的总氨基酸和游离氨基酸含量进行测定。结果表明:板蓝根的新鲜植物组织和不同加工程度的板蓝根药材氨基酸在含量上有明显差别。结论为:不同加工程度的板蓝根药材中氨基酸含量差别明显,其中碱性氨基酸含量的差别尤其显著,该差异可能是由于加工过程中发生美拉德反应造成的。     

棉铃虫感染中华卵索线虫后血淋巴游离氨基酸含量的变化

中华卵索线虫Ovomermis sinensis感染棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera 1天后,棉铃虫幼虫血淋巴中游离氨基酸总量大幅度下降,各种游离氨基酸的含量也是如此变化。感染2～4天后的棉铃虫血淋巴中游离氨基酸总量变化不大,各种游离氨基酸的含量有升有降。感染5～6天后的棉铃虫血淋巴中游离氨基酸总量和各种氨基酸的含量都急剧上升。研究表明,中华卵索线虫寄生棉铃虫时,棉铃虫血淋巴中游离氨基酸含量的变化朝着有利于线虫生长发育的方向进行。     

Free Amino Acids and Phosphorylethanolamine in Milk Whey of Cow

Free amino acids in the milk of cow were investigated in comparison with those in the plasma. The concentrations of most free amino acids in the milk except for a few amino acid were lower than those in the plasma. It appears that the percentage of each amino acid in the milk against the corresponding amino acid in the plasma is the reflexion of casein synthesis in the mammary gland. Nutritional alteration influenced on the level of some amino acids in the milk. Free phosphorylserine, glycerylphosphorylethanolamine, and phosphorylethanolamine were observed in the milk. Phosphorylethanolamine was present in significantly high concentration in one animal as control, whereas was almost absent in another animal as experimental.     

BIOCHEMTCAL CHANGES IN THE BRAIN OF EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS IN RESPONSE TO ELEVATED PLASMA HOMOCYSTINE AND METHIONINE

The effects of high plasma concentrations of homocystine and methionine on the free amino acids of brain have been examined. Incorporation of the label from [³⁵S]methionine into the free amino acid pools of rabbit brain was enhanced in response to high plasma homocystine or high plasma homocystine and mcthionine. Under comparable conditions a marked decrease in the incorporation of the label from [¹⁴C]glycine into the free pool was observed. The corresponding incorporation of ³⁵S and ¹⁴C into brain proteins parallelled the results obtained with incorporation into the free pools of amino acids. Amino acid analyses of the free amino acid pools of rabbit brain revealed a general decrease in the concentration of amino acids in response to high plasma homocystine or high plasma homocystine and methionine. Inhibition of protein synthesis which occurs under the above experimental conditions is a general phenomenon. myelin and other brain fractions being equally affected. The decrease in concentration of brain amino acids also results in a diminution in concentration of the neurotransmitters GABA, dopamine and noradrenaline. The possible relationship of the observed changes to homocystinuria is discussed.     

FREE AMINO ACID LEVELS IN THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OF NORMAL HUMANS AND THEIR VARIATION IN CASES OF EPILEPSY AND SPIELMEYER-VOGT-BATTEN DISEASE

Abstract— The concentrations of free amino acids in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid from control subjects and from patients suffering from epilepsy and Spielmeyer-Vogt-Batten disease were determined using an automatic amino acid analyser. It was found that the plasma/cerebrospinal fluid ratio of amino acid concentrations showed the variation in the amounts of free amino acids in epilepsy more clearly than the cerebrospinal fluid levels alone.     

不同肝脏疾病患者血浆游离氨基酸水平改变的模式

采用DNS -Cl荧光标记氨基酸 ,聚酰胺薄膜层析 ,分析了慢性血吸虫病肝肿大、晚期血吸虫病肝肿大 ,慢活肝 ,慢迁肝以及肝硬化等五种不同肝损伤患者血浆游离氨基酸水平 ,结果发现它们血浆游离氨基酸改变 ,均有一定的特异的模式     

肾脏疾病患者体液氨基酸模式

使用 DNS— cl( Dimethylamino-naphthylane-5-sulfony chloride)荧光试剂 ,标记氨基酸成 DNS— AAs( DNS_ Amino Acids) ,然后采用聚酰胺薄膜层析 ,制成具有 2 0余种 DNS— AAs的荧光薄膜层析图谱 ,选择其中所需要检测的氨基酸 ,分别经洗脱后在日本岛津 RF— 51 0荧光分光光度计上 ,进行定量检测 ,分析了 3 6例慢性肾炎患者 ,1 8例尿毒症患者血浆中 1 2种游离氨基酸和 3 5例慢性肾炎患者尿液中 1 3种游离氨基酸 ,分别与 2 9例正常人血浆和3 0例正常人尿液中游离氨基酸进行了比较 ,以此探讨肾脏疾病体液氨基酸模式的同时提供氨基酸治疗肾脏疾病的科学依据。     

The content of free amino acids in plasma of hens of different strains

Summary Free amino acids were estimated in the plasma of Leghorn, Cornish and White Rock hens, bred under identical conditions. It was found that the plasma of Leghorn hens had a lower content of amino acids. The differences were especially pronounced for proline, glutamic acid and glycine. It was established that a lower percentage of valine, leucine and isoleucine was typical of Leghorn hens in comparison with Cornish hens. The obtained results indicate that the level of free amino acids in blood plasma is genetically controlled     

Extra- and intracellular amino acids in the hippocampus during development of hepatic encephalopathy

Fulminant hepatic failure was induced in rabbits by intravenous administration of galactosamine hydrochloride. The animals were sacrified after 45 h and the hippocampus analyzed for free amino acids. In addition, free amino acids were measured in plasma and in the extracellular fluid of the hippocampus 20, 30 and 45 h after galactosamine injection. The extracellular fluid compartment was analyzed by slow perfusion of a thin dialysis tube which was implanted in the hippocampus one day prior to galactosamine administration. The amino acid concentration in the extracellular fluid agreed fairly well with that of the cerebrospinal fluid in the control situation. During development of hepatic failure, the plasma concentrations of all amino acids increased. The changes in extracellular amino acids were smaller, except for phosphoethanolamine and glutamate. The concentration ratio intra/extracellular amino acids decreased in the hippocampus for amino acids with a normally high concentration gradient.     

Biochemical and Autoradiographical Determination of Protein Synthesis in Experimental Brain Tumors of Rats

The rate of leucine incorporation into brain proteins was studied in rats with experimental brain tumors produced by intracerebral transplantation of the glioma clone F98. Incorporation was measured with [14C]leucine using a controlled infusion technique for maintaining constant specific activity of [14C]leucine in plasma, followed by quantitative autoradiography and biochemical tissue analysis. After 45 min the specific activity of free [14C]leucine in plasma was 2.5-3 times higher than in brain and brain tumor, indicating that the precursor pool for protein synthesis was fueled both by exogenous (plasma-derived) and endogenous (proteolysis-derived) amino acids. Endogenous recycling of amino acids amounted to 73% of total free leucine pool in brain tumors and to 60-70% in normal brain. Taking endogenous amino acid recycling into account, leucine incorporation was 78.7 +/- 16.0 nmol/g of tissue/min in brain tumor, and 17.2 +/- 4.2 and 9.7 +/- 3.3 nmol/g/min in normal frontal cortex and striatum, respectively. Leucine incorporation within tumor tissue was markedly heterogeneous, depending on the local pattern of tumor proliferation and necrosis. Our results demonstrate that quantitative measurement of leucine incorporation into brain proteins requires estimation of recycling of amino acids derived from proteolysis and, in consequence, biochemical determination of the free amino acid precursor pool in tissue samples. With the present approach such measurements are possible and provide the quantitative basis for the evaluation of therapeutic interventions.     

Studies on the growth of the fetal guinea pig. The effects of nutritional manipulation on prenatal growth and plasma somatomedin activity and insulin-like growth factor concentrations

In guinea pigs between days 41-46 of pregnancy prenatal growth has been manipulated by alteration of nutritional state. Three methods were used. Uterine artery ligation at day 30 of pregnancy depressed fetal growth rate by greater than 50% and was associated with falls in plasma insulin, IGF-1, cortisol, thyroid hormone, glucose, acetate and free fatty acid concentrations and rises in that of IGF-2, glucagon and amino acids. Fetal plasma was inhibitory to sulphate incorporation into pig costal cartilage. Complete food withdrawal from pregnant guinea pigs for 2 days at days 43-44 of pregnancy caused mild fetal growth retardation and similar changes in plasma constituents, except in that plasma IGF-2 concentrations were now depressed and plasma was not inhibitory to sulphate incorporation into pig costal cartilage. Production of hypoglycaemia by 4-times-daily maternal injections of glucose between days 41-46 of pregnancy accelerated fetal growth rate. It also elevated fetal plasma concentrations of insulin, IGF-1, IGF-2, sulphation-promoting activity, thyroid hormones, glucose and free fatty acids and depressed that of glucagon and amino acids. Fetal growth rate during the experimental period showed a good correlation with plasma glucose, insulin and IGF-1 and, to a certain extent, with sulphation-promoting activity. It did not correlate closely with fetal plasma IGF-2 concentration. Hepatic glycogen concentrations showed a good correlation with plasma IGF-2 levels.