具有函数放养率或捕获率天敌有种内竞争系统的稳定性

本文讨论具有函数放养率或捕获率且天敌有种内竞争系统的稳定性．具体研究雌寄生蜂与寄主生态系统．进行了稳定性分析,种群灭绝分析,指出了理论上和实践意义．     

基因敲除小鼠技术的研究进展

基因敲除小鼠技术的建立和发展使得人们为研究基因的功能和寻找新的治疗人类疾病的靶点提供了强有力的支持。基因打靶和基因捕获是两种通过胚胎干细胞(Embryonicstemcell,ESC)构建基因敲除小鼠的技术。基因打靶通过同源重组替换内源基因从而敲除目的基因,而基因捕获则有启动子捕获和polyA捕获两种方法对目的基因进行敲除。近年来,有许多新的基因敲除技术不断被开发出来,包括Cre/loxP系统、CRISP/Cas9系统以及最新的ZFN技术和TAILEN技术,都有望取代传统基因敲除手段。文中简要阐述了如今新出现的几种基因敲除小鼠技术。     

抗登革病毒NS1单抗的制备及检测NS1方法的建立

制备抗登革病毒NS1蛋白单克隆抗体,建立检测NS1的ELISA方法。表达1~4型登革病毒NS1蛋白,将1型NS1蛋白纯化后免疫BALB/c小鼠,通过杂交瘤技术制备单克隆抗体。经ELISA、Western blotting、间接免疫荧光筛选和鉴定单克隆抗体,进行纯化和HRP标记。通过鉴定每两株单抗之间是否存在竞争作用,选择非竞争单抗组合并建立NS1捕获法ELISA。结果获得7株高滴度抗NS1单抗,捕获法ELISA可以检出10ng/mL NS1。原核表达登革病毒NS1蛋白制备的单抗可以和天然病毒抗原反应,NS1捕获法ELISA可以用于登革病毒感染检测。     

基于启动子捕获系统的水稻基因的分离

为了分离水稻的基因及其启动子,该实验室构建了T-DNA(GUS)结构的水稻启动子捕获系统,对其中编号为113#、T-DNA单拷贝插入、GUS报告基因为组成型表达的阳性捕获系进行了进一步分析。潮霉素筛选结合GUS组织化学染色获得了T-DNA插入的纯合株(113#-22和113#-26);Inverse法分离得到T-DNA插入位点水稻基因组DNA旁邻序列,测序和BLAST结果表明,T-DNA反方向插在水稻基因组4号染色体预测基因的内含子中;扩增T-DNA插入位点上游2kb左右DNA片段,构建启动子分析质粒转化水稻‘中花11’胚性愈伤组织,获得转基因植株,GUS组织化学染色模式与113#阳性株系一致。结果表明,该预测基因及其启动子是利用启动子捕获系统所捕获到的候选基因。     

具空间扩散的时变种群系统的最优捕获控制

讨论了一类时变种群扩散系统的最优捕获控制的非线性问题,证明了最优捕获控制的存在性,并给出了控制u（t,x）∈Uad为最优的必要条件和最优性组．     

我国沿海拟虎鲸骨骼研究

本文对我国沿海所捕获的拟虎鲸骨骼系统,进行了较全面的研究和测量,并对其骨骼特点及形态、功能方面也做了些探讨。     

基于夹心免疫分析的抗体微阵列的构建

目的：建立一种基于夹心免疫分析的抗体微阵列构建的优化方法。方法：将MCP-1的捕获抗体点样于修饰后的玻片,标准抗原加样覆盖所点阵列,生物素标记抗体和链酶亲和素-cy3依次加样孵育, 激光共聚焦扫描仪获取图象并进行数据分析。对捕获抗体浓度、封闭液种类、系统可重复性和定量检测能力、两种因子平行性检测对信号分析的影响及点样后玻片稳定性进行分析和评价。结果：随着捕获抗体浓度的升高,信号强度逐渐增加;2℅ BSA/PBS和5℅ 酪蛋白可作为本系统的封闭液;所构建系统具有较好的可重复性（组内变异 1.3%,组间变异8.7%）和定量分析能力（所建立的抗原浓度-相对信号强度标准曲线相关系数达0.9995）;并实现了两因子的平行性分析和点样后玻片的稳定性。结论：确立了基于夹心免疫分析的抗体微阵列构建的优化方法,为进一步构建多因子定量检测抗体微阵列奠定了基础。     

污染环境中具有生育脉冲的单种群模型的最优捕获问题

研究周期性脉冲毒素输入的污染环境中具有生育脉冲的单种群捕获模型的动力学性质,通过数值模拟给出所研究系统的动力复杂性,并进一步指出脉冲捕获的时间对最大年度持续产量的影响.     

凝集素芯片对体液细胞进行检测方法的建立和初步应用

建立对体液细胞进行自动捕获的凝集素芯片体系,利用凝集素对糖链的特异亲和作用捕获细胞,提取白血病患者外周血、肺癌胸水和肝腹水中细胞进行荧光标记,凝集素芯片捕获,激光扫描仪检测捕获细胞的荧光信号,常规HE染色后光学显微镜下观察细胞的形态并进行免疫化学反应,流式细胞仪验证凝集素芯片的特异性．结果表明：凝集素芯片可以对体液中的癌细胞进行自动捕获,对癌细胞膜表面糖链进行识别．芯片检测的细胞浓度最少可达每mL10^4个左右．芯片有较好的重复性和特异性．这种凝集素芯片可用于临床体液中癌细胞的检测分析,对癌细胞膜表面凝集素亲和位点进行即时、高通量的检测,为了解细胞膜表面聚糖在癌变过程中的变化提供了一个技术平台．     

9种氨基酸对甲醛捕获能力的研究

本文研究了9种氨基酸对甲醛的捕获效果,筛选出了对甲醛捕获效果较好的4种氨基酸,即精氨酸、赖氨酸、半胱氨酸盐酸盐、组氨酸,并研究了这4种氨基酸在不同温度和时间下对甲醛的捕获规律。结果表明,半胱氨酸盐酸盐的甲醛捕获效果最好,捕获率可达100％,而且受温度影响最小;其次是精氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸,捕获效果均在50％左右,但受温度影响较大;精氨酸、赖氨酸在低温下对甲醛生成有促进作用,高温下有捕获作用;组氨酸在高温下对甲醛的捕获率显著提高,可达87．99％。     

About the theory of competing species

We review some typical features of the dynamics of systems of competing species, described by the Lotka-Volterra equations and give some new results concerning the coexistence of many species and the linear stability of equilibrium states. We also commenton some types of asymptotic behaviors for three-dimensional systems.     

Auditory neuroscience: filling in the gaps

Our sensory systems fill in information obscured by other, competing signals to maintain a stable representation of the world. A correlate of the continuity illusion, in which sounds are perceived to continue despite being interrupted by other sounds, has now been found in the auditory cortex.     

Competition systems with Dirichlet boundary conditions

A class of semilinear parabolic systems describing competing species is investigated with homogeneous Dirichlet or boundary conditions of the third kind; existence and attractivity properties of equilibrium solutions are proved by monotonicity methods. Attractive invariant subsets are shown to exist in a suitable function space, which in particular cases shrink down to a unique point. The outlined situation holds true even for a related class of parabolic integro-differential systems, provided the effect of the delay is small in a suitable sense.     

Segregation and mixing in degenerate diffusion in population dynamics

 We study the qualitative properties of degenerate diffusion equations used to describe dispersal processes in population dynamics. For systems of interacting populations, the forms of the diffusion models used determine if the population will intermix or remain disjoint (segregated). The dynamics and stability of segregation boundaries between competing populations is analyzed. General population models with segregation and mixing interactions are derived and connections to behavior in fluid mechanical systems are addressed. Received 19 January 1996; received in revised form 4 April 1996     

Absolute stability and transitions in ecosystems with a multiplicity of stable states and dispersal

The principle that for a large class of spatially extended dynamic systems with several locally stable states there exists at most one absolutely stable state is applied to population dynamical models with diffusive spatial dispersal. The basic concepts and methods to characterize absolute stability and its limits are presented. Some interesting results concerning the significance of dispersal ability in competing and mutualistic systems are found. The concepts appear of practical importance since only absolutely stable states are resilient against all localized fluctuations and disturbances.     

The role of adenylate kinase in dynamic compartmentation of adenine nucleotides in the mitochondrial intermembrane space.

To investigate the existence of dynamic adenine nucleotide (AdN) compartment in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, we used reconstituted systems consisting of (i) functional intact liver and heart mitochondria and (ii) pyruvate kinase plus phosphoenolpyruvate, both competing for ADP either formed in the intermembrane space by adenylate kinase or added directly into, or regenerated by ATPase within, the extramitochondrial space. It is shown that ADP formation in the mitochondrial intermembrane space is a prerequisite for a dominating oxidative phosphorylation in reconstituted systems, suggesting dynamic ADP compartmentation in that space.     

Persistence in models of three interacting predator-prey populations

This paper considers a class of deterministic models of three interacting populations with a view towards determining when all of the populations persist. In analytical terms persistence means that liminf_t→∞x(t)> 0 for each population x(t); in geometric terms, that each trajectory of the modeling system of differential equations is eventually bounded away from the coordinate planes. The class of systems considered allows three level food webs, two competing predators feeding on a single prey, or a single predator feeding on two competing prey populations. As a corollary to the last case it is shown that the addition of a predator can lead to persistence of a three population system where, without a predator, the two competing populations on the lower trophic level would have only one survivor. The basic models are of Kolmogorov type, and the results improve several previous theorems on persistence.     

Competition,facilitation and the Allee effect

Individuals of different species may interact in many different ways, such as competition, mutualism, or predation, to name but a few. Recent theory and experiments reveal that whether an interaction is beneficial or detrimental to the dynamics of a population often depends on species densities and other environmental factors. Here, we explore how, for suitable densities, facilitation may arise between two competing species with an Allee effect. We consider two different mechanisms for the Allee effect: 1) plant species with obligate insect pollination, and 2) generalist predation. In the first case, a second plant species, competing for nutrients, may have a facilitative effect by attracting more pollinators. In the second case, another potentially competing species may serve to satiate the same generalist predator and thereby have a facilitative effect. We explore three aspects of facilitation in each of the two systems. The focal species may benefit from the presence of a ‘competitor’ if it experiences 1) the removal of the Allee threshold, 2) a lowering of the Allee threshold, or 3) an increase in carrying capacity. We find that the latter two effects occur in both study systems whereas the first only occurs for the generalist predation system but not for the plant‐pollination system. We give precise conditions on when such a facilitative effect can be expected. We also demonstrate several unexpected outcomes of these two‐species interactions with multiple steady states, such as obligate co‐occurence; we draw parallels to the dynamics of species known as ‘ecosystem engineers’, and we discuss implications for conservation and management.     

Emergent Robustness in Competition Between Autocatalytic Chemical Networks

The origin of auto-catalytic networks has been proposed as an initial step in pre-biotic evolution. It is possible to derive simple models where auto-catalytic networks naturally arise from simple chemical mixtures. In order for such a system to develop, there needs to be some degree of stability, what is characterised as `robustness'. We demonstrate that competing systems generate this robustness as they create a distributed network of catalytic pathways.