人工环境鉴定小豆芽苗期耐冷性研究

对来自中国北京187份、天津33份、河北25份、山西16份、山东6份、河南1份、安徽1份、江苏22份、四川2份、陕西3份、辽宁18份、吉林33份、黑龙江5份,日本31份和韩国1份共384份小豆种质资源进行发芽期耐冷性鉴定,并以31份资源和18个品种为试验材料,进行三叶期耐冷性鉴定研究.结果表明:筛选出发芽期耐冷性较好(耐冷指数>0.80)的资源31份;在三叶期低温8～5℃胁迫7d,资源G-I-34、JN95-0和E0064等表现出较强的耐冷性.采用三叶期低温8～5℃胁迫7d,只统计生长正常苗的方法进行小豆苗期耐冷性鉴定评价是可行的;小豆发芽期与三叶期耐冷性存在差异;苗期持续耐冷性存在差异.     

普通野生稻染色体片段代换系的孕穗期耐冷性研究

为筛选出在苗期和孕穗期都具有强耐冷性的种质以供水稻耐冷研究与育种利用,本研究利用人工低温胁迫的方法,对20份苗期耐冷的普通野生稻染色体片段代换系进行了孕穗期耐冷性鉴定评价。结果表明:(1)在20份代换系材料中,孕穗期耐冷性表现强(3级)、中(5级)和弱(7级)级别的材料为2份、15份和3份,分别占供试材料的10%、75%和15%;(2)水稻苗期和孕穗期的耐冷性呈显著正相关(p0.05),所鉴定出的2份抗性3级材料(DC907和DC866)不但可以作为苗期耐冷性抗源,同时也可以作为孕穗期耐寒性抗源;(3)可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、游离氨基酸、脯氨酸、丙二醛和超氧化物歧化酶等各项生理指标与相对结实率之间均无显著的相关关系,因此均不适宜作为孕穗期耐冷性的鉴定评价指标。     

番茄砧木种子萌芽期与幼苗期耐冷性关系

为了探讨番茄砧木耐冷性鉴定的便捷指标,筛选耐冷砧木材料,研究了不同温度(28、20、15℃)对40份番茄砧木种子萌芽相关指标的影响及低温胁迫(10℃/3℃)下幼苗冷害指数的变化,并分析了幼苗冷害指数与种子萌芽指标的相关性。结果表明:不同砧木材料种子在28℃条件下的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数等差异不大,但15、20℃条件下的相关指标及其与28℃的相对值差异显著;不同砧木材料幼苗在昼夜温度10℃/3℃低温胁迫下的冷害指数也存在显著差异,且与低温条件下种子萌芽相关指标呈极显著相关关系,但相关系数以20℃处理大于15℃处理;通过多元逐步回归分析建立的幼苗冷害指数回归模型中仅20℃下的相对发芽率及相对发芽指数入选,模型决定系数达0.984(P0.001);通过对幼苗冷害指数进行聚类分析,可将砧木材料分为耐冷、冷敏感和中间型3类,其中耐冷材料6份、冷敏感材料5份;而采用冷害指数回归模型入选的2个因子进行聚类分析的结果,除1个材料由中间型归为冷敏感型之外,其余39份材料的分类地位完全相同,表明可通过测定20℃条件下种子的相对发芽率和相对发芽指数,对番茄砧木的耐冷性进行早期便捷鉴定。     

广西水稻地方品种耐冷性鉴定及相关分析

对419份广西水稻地方品种初级核心种质进行芽期、苗期的耐冷性鉴定及相关分析,结果表明:广西水稻地方品种芽期、苗期耐冷性主要集中在7级和9级,总体耐冷性较弱。芽期、苗期极强耐冷种质(1级)分别为24份和27份,占参试总数的5.73%和6.44%,其中10份种质芽期和苗期均表现极强耐冷(1级)。芽期、苗期耐冷性呈极显著正相关(r=0.66)。粳稻芽期、苗期耐冷性均显著高于籼稻;粘糯稻之间耐冷性差异是由籼粳稻类型的耐冷差异引起的;来自高寒山区稻作区的品种芽期和苗期平均耐冷表现最强。利用34个SSR标记与芽期、苗期耐冷性进行Pearson相关分析,在第7和第9染色体上,各鉴定出1个同时与芽期和苗期耐冷性相关联的位点。本研究为水稻芽期、苗期耐冷育种提供新的抗源材料,并为水稻耐冷基因定位及机理研究奠定基础。     

人工环境鉴定小豆芽苗期耐冷性研究

对来自中国北京187份、天津33份、河北25份、山西16份、山东6份、河南1份、安徽1份、江苏22份、四川2份、陕西3份、辽宁18份、吉林33份、黑龙江5份,日本31份和韩国1份共384份小豆种质资源进行发芽期耐冷性鉴定,并以31份资源和18个品种为试验材料,进行三叶期耐冷性鉴定研究。结果表明：筛选出发芽期耐冷性较好（ 耐冷指数＞0.80）的资源31份;在三叶期低温8～5℃胁迫7d,资源G-I-34、JN95-0和E0064等表现出较强的耐冷性。采用三叶期低温8～5℃胁迫7d,只统计生长正常苗的方法进行小豆苗期耐冷性鉴定评价是可行的;小豆发芽期与三叶期耐冷性存在差异;苗期持续耐冷性存在差异。     

黄麻种质芽期和苗期耐盐性的鉴定与评价

本研究以12份黄麻种质为材料,芽期采用萌发实验法、苗期采用营养液栽培法,进行耐盐性鉴定与评价.结果表明:芽期耐盐性鉴定及其耐盐等级划分可以相对盐害率为指标,而苗期则以平均盐害指数为指标.黄麻芽期耐盐性与苗期耐盐性之间存在极显著相关性(r=0.8432**,n=10);经筛选获得了3份高耐盐材料:9511、中黄麻1号、93繁-13,耐盐等级均为1级;1份盐敏感性材料:孟圆,芽期耐盐等级为5级,苗期耐盐等级为4级.     

不同海拔来源云南地方稻种资源各生育时期耐冷性鉴定评价

本研究以不同海拔生态区来源的307份云南地方稻种资源为试验材料,进行了水稻发芽期、芽期、苗期、孕穗开花期等4个生育时期耐冷性的鉴定评价.鉴定结果表明,云南地方稻种的各生育时期耐冷性分级与其分布的生态区海拔高度均呈显著或极显著的负相关,即云南地方稻种的耐冷性与其来源生态区的海拔高度密切相关,分布在高海拔生态区的地方稻种各...     

茄子种质资源的耐冷性鉴定

采用低温胁迫下幼苗叶片冷害指数、种子活力指数、叶片电导百分率为指标,对34份不同类型的茄子种质资源进行耐冷性鉴定.结果表明,活力指数与冷害指数、电导百分率均呈极显著负相关,电导百分率与冷害指数呈极显著正相关.通过耐冷隶属函数值和聚类分析,初步筛选出11份耐冷性较强的材料.     

水杨酸诱导的玉米幼苗适应高温和低温胁迫的能力与抗氧化酶系统的关系

玉米种子经水杨酸(SA)预处理后其幼苗的耐热性与耐冷性提高.其中以300μmol·L-1SA预处理的玉米幼苗对46℃高温胁迫2 d的耐热性提高最大,150μmol·L-1SA预处理的玉米幼苗对1℃低温胁迫5 d的耐冷性提高最大.在高温和低温胁迫过程中,SA预处理过的玉米幼苗中过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、过氧化物酶(GPX)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)的活性水平均高于未经SA处理的.     

水稻RIL群体苗期耐冷性QTL分析

水稻苗期冷害是影响早春季节和高纬度地区水稻成苗和秧苗生长的重要限制因素之一。为了鉴定控制水稻苗期耐冷性的QTL,研究采用了1个水稻“粳籼交”重组自交系(RIL)群体,结合1张高密度分子遗传图谱,对3叶期幼苗经过10℃冷处理3d、恢复培养2d和4d时的秧苗存活率进行复合区间作图。亲本Lemont和特青的苗期耐冷性具有极显著差异,Lemont的苗期耐冷性很强,而特青对低温敏感。在重组自交系群体中,苗期耐冷性表现为连续变异,在两个方向上均出现大量超亲分离。共检测到5个水稻苗期耐冷性QTL,分别位于水稻1、3、8和11号染色体上,单个QTL对性状的贡献率为7％～21％。其中,4个QTL的增效基因来源于亲本Lemont,另1个QTL的增效基因来源于亲本特青。2个主效QTL(qSCT-3和qSCT-8)分别位于3号染色体标记区间RM282-RM156和8号染色体标记区间RM230—RM264,对性状的贡献率达到或接近20％,被检测到的LOD值显著较高,其增效基因均来自于耐冷性亲本Lemont。研究结果进一步揭示了水稻苗期耐冷性QTL具有丰富的位点多样性,表明耐冷性普遍较强的粳稻是发掘苗期耐冷性优异基因的主要稻种资源。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.