复方壮果素对香蕉果实生长发育和产量的效应

多年多点试验结果表明,在香蕉断蕾5～7天喷施复方壮果素,对促进香蕉果指生长和提高产量都有明显的效果;喷施壮果素的单指鲜重、果肉重以及果肉中的千物质和淀粉积累基本上能与果指长度、粗度同步增加,且不影响香蕉果实外观和品质。     

生物有机肥对连作蕉园香蕉生产和土壤可培养微生物区系的影响

以连续种植香蕉12年的枯萎病高发病蕉园为试验点,通过平板计数和可培养微生物群落变性凝胶电泳(CD PCR-DGGE)等方法研究田间条件下连续两年施用化肥、牛粪、猪粪和生物有机肥对香蕉枯萎病的抑制作用,以及对香蕉产量、品质和土壤中可培养微生物区系的影响.结果表明:相比于其他处理,连续两年施用生物有机肥能够有效降低香蕉枯萎病发病率,显著提高大田香蕉单株质量、小区产量、果实可溶性糖含量及可溶性糖与可滴定酸的比值(糖酸比).可培养微生物区系分析结果表明,施用生物有机肥能够显著提高土壤微生物生物量,增加可培养细菌、芽孢杆菌和放线菌数量及细菌与真菌比值,降低尖孢镰刀菌数量.CD PCR-DGGE聚类分析表明,连续两年施用生物有机肥明显改变了土壤可培养细菌群落结构,增加了其丰度和多样性.切胶测序结果表明,连续两年施用生物有机肥的香蕉园土壤增加了类芽孢杆菌、伯克氏菌、未培养疣微菌及Bacillus aryabhattai的丰度,降低了青枯菌、粘金黄杆菌、Fluviicola taffensis、肠杆菌及巨大芽孢杆菌的丰度.表明连续施用生物有机肥能够优化连作蕉园土壤可培养微生物群落结构,防控香蕉枯萎病的发生,提高香蕉产量并改善果实品质.     

香蕉基因组测序及胁迫相关功能基因研究进展

香蕉是重要的热带水果之一,是世界第四大粮食作物。香蕉抗性相关的功能基因组学研究一直是香蕉研究的热点和核心。综述了近年来香蕉基因组测序、胁迫相关功能基因分离和鉴定等方面的最新研究进展,将有助于从源头上对香蕉进行创新性的研究,为香蕉遗传改良和新品种培育提供一定的理论依据。     

“信叶”植物营养液对香蕉产量与果实品质的影响

本试验根据香蕉春、秋季种植的物候期,采用2次土施250倍“信叶”根部营养液和4次喷施350倍花果营养液以及土施结合花果载施营养液等不同处理进行对比。两年试验结果表明,经营养液处理的香蕉,均能不同程度地提高产量和改善果实品质。其中尤以根部营养液结合花果营养液处理效果最好。     

耐热木霉菌株筛选及其对热作区香蕉促生效应的研究

【目的】为筛选安全、高效的耐热木霉功能菌株,有效促进热作区香蕉的生产,本研究从热作区土壤分离筛选适温范围较宽的木霉菌株,研制木霉生物有机肥,并研究其对香蕉枯萎病发病率、果实产量及品质的影响。【方法】通过稀释涂布法筛选出木霉菌株,根据菌株在不同温度下的生长情况、拮抗尖孢菌能力及酶活强弱进行菌株复筛;将复筛所得菌株试制成生物有机肥,在田间条件下,研究木霉生物有机肥的施用对香蕉发病率、产量及品质的影响;最后结合菌株ITS及tef1序列分析鉴定所选菌株的分类信息。【结果】从海南土壤中筛选出4株耐热木霉菌株,其在20–40°C能生长,其中菌株JS84在40°C高温下生长速度最快,对尖孢镰刀菌4号生理小种抑制率最高,产酶活力能力最强。田间试验结果表明:施用JS84木霉生物有机肥(JS84)显著降低了香蕉枯萎病发病率;有效改善了香蕉果实品质并提高了土壤养分;该处理产量显著高于不施肥对照、化肥处理、有机肥处理和商品木霉生物有机肥处理(NJAU4742),分别增产32%、18%、8%和6%。ITS结合tef1序列分析结果表明,JS84菌株为桔绿木霉菌(Trichoderma citrinoviride)。【结论】从热作区土壤中成功筛选到一株桔绿木霉JS84,其适宜生长温度宽,研制的木霉生物有机肥对热区香蕉具有显著的抗枯萎病及增产作用。     

香蕉茎纤维提取微生物初筛的一种新策略

我国是香蕉的主产国之一,随着香蕉茎杆的综合处理、利用技术的不断深化,香蕉纤维的开发和利用在我国呈现出良好的应用前景。然而目前香蕉纤维开发利用程度不高,主要原因是还没有获得高效的微生物提取菌株。本文以香蕉茎杆纤维脱胶为背景,采用脱胶菌侵染新鲜土豆片的方法,探讨了一种香蕉茎纤维提取微生物初筛的新策略,为香蕉纤维产业的开发利用提供了一个可资利用的新思路。     

香蕉冠网蝽的初步研究

<正> 香蕉冠网蝽Stephanitis(Stephanitis)typica(Distant)又称香蕉网蝽、香蕉花网蝽,属半翅目,网蝽科(Tingidae),是芭蕉科(Musaceae)植物的重要害虫。成虫和若虫群栖于蕉叶背面吸食,破坏蕉叶的叶绿体,被害叶片呈许多浓密的褐黑色小斑点,叶片正面呈花白色斑,影响光合作用,叶片早衰枯死影响香蕉、芭蕉的产量和品质。老蕉园受害率尤其严重。 一、形态特征 1.成虫(图1:1)体长2.1—2.4毫米,刚羽化银白色,渐成灰白色。头小,棕褐色,复眼大而突出,黑褐色。触角4节,第3节细长,约为全长的1/2,末节稍膨大,棕褐色。喙4节,     

健康·风向标

吃香蕉致便秘？香蕉是热带、亚热带的水,为了便于保存和运输,采摘蕉的时候,不能等它熟了,而是香蕉皮青绿时就得摘下入库。香蕉的涩味来自于香蕉中含的大量的鞣酸。当香蕉成熟之     

香蕉的生物学特性及其组织培养技术

香蕉是重要的热带水果之一,大多数的栽培香蕉都是三倍体,具有高度的不育性,主要靠无性繁殖。介绍了香蕉的生物学特性和组织培养技术,对香蕉产业发展提出设想。     

水肥一体化技术在海南干热香蕉种植区的应用

海南为我国栽培香蕉的主产区之一,西南部干热地区（昌江、东方、乐东、三亚）是海南省目前发展香蕉规模最大的区域,也是中国规模化反季节香蕉生产的主要基地之一。由于位处干热气候影响下的半干燥区,干旱较严重,加上施肥欠合理,对香蕉产业的可持续发展影响极大。发展节水灌溉是解决海南干热地区干旱缺水的必由之路,应用水肥一体化技术对香蕉实施节水灌溉, 根据作物需要进行施肥,在保证香蕉的产量和质量的前提下,实现节水、省肥、节省人工之效,从而达到产业增效目的。     

Research progress on banana functional genomics involved in fruit quality

Banana is one of the most important tropical fruits and main economical resource for tropical people. Banana quality is always becoming a focus for people to follow with interest. Here, we reviewed recent research progresses on isolation and identification of banana genes involved in fruit quality such as ripening, softening, glycometabolism, and scent, which will help us explore their functions and facilitate banana quality improvement.     

香蕉生物技术研究进展

近50年来香蕉的生产得到了稳步的发展,同时正遭受越来越严重的病虫、霜冻和台风的侵害。鲜食蕉雌雄性高度不育的特性,使得传统的育种方法难以进行香蕉的遗传改良。这些现状迫切要求香蕉生物技术的不断发展和深入。近10年来,在香蕉体细胞胚胎发生、原生质体培养、基因克隆和序列分析以及基因转化等方面都取得了可喜的成果,并预计于2006年完成香蕉基因组的测序 。     

Genome-wide BAC-end sequencing of Musa acuminata DH Pahang reveals further insights into the genome organization of banana

Banana and plantain (Musa spp.) are grown in more than 120 countries in tropical and subtropical regions and constitute an important staple food for millions of people. A Musa acuminata ssp. malaccencis DH Pahang bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library (MAMB) was submitted for BAC-end sequencing. MAMB consists of 23,040 clones, with a 140-kbp average insert size, accounting for a five times coverage of the banana genome. A total of 46,080 reads were generated, and 42,750 (92.8%) high-quality sequences were obtained after trimming for vector and quality. Analysis of these data shows a GC content of 41.39%, whereas interspersed repeats comprise 32.3%. The most common repeated sequences found show homology to ribosomal RNA genes, particularly 18S rRNA, while the Ty3/gypsy type monkey retrotransposon is the most common retro element. The sequence data were used to generate a banana-specific repeat library containing 54 new repetitive elements which accounted for 11.86% of the total nucleotides. Simple sequence repeats represent 0.7% of the sequence data and allowed the identification of 2,455 potentially useful marker sites. Functional annotation identified 2,705 sequences that could code for proteins of known function. Microsynteny analysis shows a higher number of co-linear matches to Oryza sativa, in contrast to Arabidopsis thaliana. This database of BAC-end sequences is useful for the assembly of the complete banana genome sequence and is important for identification in functional genomics experiments.     

A PCR-based method, with internal control, for the detection of Banana bunchy top virus in banana

Banana bunchy top disease is a major constraint to banana production in most regions where this crop is grown. The disease is caused by Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV), a multicomponent, single-stranded DNA virus of the family Nanoviridae. We have designed primers to a conserved region of the master replication-associated protein that are useful for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-mediated detection of BBTV. In addition, primers to banana genomic sequence are used as an internal control, overcoming the uncertainty (owing to false-negatives) inherent in PCR diagnostics. Together these primer sets are a valuable tool in the effort to control BBTV, particularly in screening micropropagated banana plantlets for the absence of virus before release to farmers.     

An <i>in Vitro</i> Approach to Investigate the Role of Abscisic Acid in Alleviating the Negative Effects of Chilling Stress on Banana Shoots

Banana is a tropical crop cultivated in warm places. Chilling stress in Egypt is making banana crops less productive. Abscisic acid (ABA), a key plant hormone, regulates metabolic and physiological processes and protects plants from a variety of stresses. In vitro growing banana shoots were pre-treated with ABA at four concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 100 mM) and chilled at 5°C for 24 h, followed by a six-day recovery period at 25°C. By comparing ABA treatments to both positive and negative controls, physiological and biochemical changes were investigated. Chilling stress (5°C) caused a considerable increase in lipid peroxidation and ion leakage and reduced photosynthetic pigments in cold-treated plantlets. Increasing the concentration of ABA to 100 µM enhanced the response to chilling stress. ABA had a major effect on mitigating chilling injury in banana shoots by keeping cell membranes stable and lowering the amount of ion leakage and lipid peroxidation. Also, ABA significantly maintained the photosynthetic pigment concentration of banana shoots; accumulated higher amounts of total soluble carbohydrates and proline; and increased DPPH radical scavenging activity. Furthermore, ABA treatment enhanced cold tolerance in chilling-stressed banana shoots through the regulation of antioxidant enzyme activity. Overall, the results show that ABA is a good choice for protecting banana shoots from the damage caused by chilling stress.     

香蕉凝集素基因启动子的分离、序列分析及鉴定

香蕉是世界上最重要的水果之一,由于香蕉果实是利用转基因方法生产重组药用蛋白或有价值的化合物的理想器官,构建能在香蕉果实中高水平表达异源蛋白质的表达载体是非常有意义的。而一个高效表达的载体,启动子则是其最重要元件之一,因此,果实特异性表达启动子的获得是香蕉作为生物反应器的前提。香蕉凝集素是一种在香蕉果实中大量存在的蛋白质,其基因被证明在果肉组织中大量表达。利用染色体步移法克隆到香蕉凝集素基因5′端上游的一段长702bp的序列,经序列测定及软件分析表明,该序列具有典型的启动子结构。此序列置换植物表达载体pBI121的CaMV35S启动子,构建植物表达载体,命名为pBIL2,该启动子下游为gus基因。利用基因枪法转化香蕉的根、叶和果实薄片,对gus基因的瞬时表达进行测定,结果表明所获得的凝集素基因启动子,只在香蕉果肉中瞬时表达,该启动子的表达具有果实特异性,并且表达量较高。     

A PCR-based method, with internal control, for the detection of Banana bunchy top virus in banana

Banana bunchy top disease is a major constraint to banana production in most regions where this crop is grown. The disease is caused by Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV), a multicomponent, single-stranded DNA virus of the family Nanoviridae. We have designed primers to a conserved region of the master replication-associated protein that are useful for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-mediated detection of BBTV. In addition, primers to banana genomic sequence are used as an internal control, overcoming the uncertainty (owing to false-negatives) inherent in PCR diagnostics. Together these primer sets are a valuable tool in the effort to control BBTV, particularly in screening micropropagated banana plantlets for the absence of virus before release to farmers.