赤麂线粒体全基因组的序列和结构

提取赤麂细胞株总DNA,参照我们实验室已测定的同属动物小麂线粒体全基因组序列设计引物,PCR扩增、测序、拼接,获得赤麂线粒体全基因组序列并进行生物信息学分析。赤麂线粒体全基因组序列全长16354bp。定位了22个tRNA基因、2个rRNA基因、13个蛋白编码基因和1个D-loop区。赤麂与小麂及其它哺乳动物线粒体的基因组结构相同,它们的序列同源性都较高。     

12S rRNA和Cyt b基因序列测定在獐乳制品鉴定中的应用

采用改良的蛋白酶K消化和酚/氯仿抽提的方法从脂肪含量很高的动物乳制品及胃组织中提取出基因组总DNA,利用特异引物扩增了线粒体12S rRNA基因和Cyt b基因的部分片段,测定了12S rRNA和Cyt b基因的PCR扩增产物序列,使用BLAST搜索软件将其序列与GenBank中的同源序列进行比对,并利用DNAMAN分析软件分析序列同源性。结果表明3件检材均来源于獐Hydropotes inermis。本研究所用方法在野生动物乳制品鉴定中具有较高的应用价值。     

夏家店等古人骨DNA的提取、扩增及序列分析

古DNA从距今 2 0 0 0～ 50 0 0年的古代人骨 (编号为 :M89,ⅢM11,ⅢM12和AM4 )中提取出来 ,利用聚合酶链式反应分别对线粒体DNA中MTND4 基因中 112 10～ 11414(2 0 5bp)以及RegionV中 8196～ 83 16(12 1bP)进行了扩增 ,并被测序 .实验结果表明古代人骨中仍存在有大量的遗传信息 ,通过提取、扩增可以得到真实可靠的序列 .对序列进行比较发现 112 4 8,112 4 9,112 83及 112 93为易发生突变的位点 .结果经同源性分析后发现 ,ⅢM11和ⅢM12有很高同源性 ,而M89和AM4与ⅢM11和ⅢM12的同源性却比较低 .这对人类学、考古学及分子进化的研究有重要的辅助作用 .     

DNA 12S rRNA基因序列测定在野生动物毛发样本鉴定中的应用

目的利用mtDNA 12S rRNA基因序列测定法对西藏自治区森林公安局送检的三件毛发物证进行种属鉴定,并探讨该方法在无毛囊毛发样本鉴定中的应用价值。方法用酚/氯仿法从毛发样本中提取出基因组总DNA,再用一通用引物通过PCR技术扩增mtDNA上12S rRNA基因的部分片段并进行序列测定。测序结果在GenBank上进行BLAST搜索,再利用DNAMAN软件进行同源性分析。结果1号样和3号样扩增产物序列与藏原羚的线粒体DNA的12S rRNA基因序列的部分片段的同源性均高达99%;2号样的序列与盘羊的线粒体DNA的12S rRNA基因序列的部分片段的同源性高达98%。结论1号和3号样为藏原羚,2号样为盘羊。本研究所用方法在野生动物案件的样本鉴定中有极高的应用价值。     

蓖麻蚕线粒体基因组细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅲ的序列及其分子进化分析

测定了蓖麻蚕Samia cynthia ricini线粒体基因组(mtDNA)含完整的细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅲ(COX3)、tRNA-Gly和部分的NADH亚基Ⅲ(ND3)基因的DNA片段序列。COX3基因编码框包含789个核苷酸,编码262个氨基酸的蛋白质。通过同源性比较,发现COX3基因的3′端比5′端要保守,其编码的蛋白在C端有两个保守序列存在。COX3的下游为66 bp的tRNA-Gly基因。蓖麻蚕的COX3与家蚕COX3同源性最高,核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别是80.2%和85.6%。根据COX3氨基酸序列进行了12种无脊椎动物的分子进化树分析,认为在采用线粒体基因序列进行分子进化分析时,应该综合考虑物种的繁殖模式及生态特点。     

白纹佛蝗线粒体全基因组序列

通过长PCR扩增线粒体全基因组进行保守引物步移法结合克隆测序技术,对白纹佛蝗mtDNA 全序列进行了测定和分析.结果表明:白纹佛蝗线粒体基因组全长15 657 bp,包含13 个蛋白编码基因、22个tRNA 基因和2 个rRNA 基因以及1个非编码的控制区域,它们的长度分别是11 202 bp,1 486 bp,2 156 bp 和 728 bp.37个基因的位置与飞蝗的一致,有9对基因间存在41 bp重叠,重叠碱基数在 1～8 bp之间;基因间隔序列共计21处 126 bp,间隔长度从 1～20 bp不等,最大的基因间隔是20 bp,是在tRNALys 和 ATP8 基因之间.还对lrRNA和srRNA二级结构进行了预测,同时也对tRNA反密码子臂的碱基对类型以及不同链上蛋白编码基因的A/T,C/G组成偏向性进行了详细的讨论.     

兰州鲇线粒体Cytb基因的克隆与序列分析

为克隆兰州鲇（Silurus lanzhouensis）线粒体Cytb基因全序列,根据欧洲鲇（Silurus glanis）线粒体基因全序列设计特异引物进行兰州鲇线粒体Cytb基因的PCR扩增,得到1138 bp兰州鲇线粒体Cytb基因序列。对兰州鲇和其他13种鱼的线粒体Cytb基因核苷酸和氨基酸序列之间进行同源性比较,结果显示具有较高的同源性,核苷酸同源性介于61.38%-91.12%,氨基酸同源性介于76.62%-95.52%。对兰州鲇、欧洲鲇、大口鲇（Silurus meridionalis）、鲇（Silurus asotus）、越南鲇（Silurus cochinchinensis）的Cytb基因之间进行碱基替代分析,结果显示兰州鲇Cytb基因与鲇之间替换率最低,值为8.87%,转换/颠换值为3.21;与越南鲇之间替换率最高,值为14.41%,转换/颠换值为1.83。对本文克隆的兰州鲇Cytb基因与王庆容等测定的兰州鲇线粒体Cytb序列进行序列差异分析,结果显示两者之间替换率为11.16%,存在127个变异位点,转换/颠换比为4.08,遗传距离为0.1230。由NJ法基于兰州鲇和其他13种鱼的Cytb基因序列构建的系统进化树,结果显示与传统的分类地位基本吻合。       

小麂线粒体基因组全序列的测定和分析

通过建立麂属动物小麂线粒体DNA文库、鸟枪法测序,获得了小麂线粒体基因组全序列并对其基因组成、蛋白质的编码序列、tRNA基因等结构作了详细分析,这也是国内有关哺乳动物线粒体基因组全序列的首次报道。与其他哺乳动物线粒体基因组全序列的比较研究发现：全长为16 354bp的小麂线粒体基因组同样编码13种蛋白质、2种rRNA和22种tRNA,除了用于调控线粒体DNA复制和转录的D-Loop区以外,小麂线粒体基因组各基因长度、位置与其他哺乳动物相似,其编码蛋白质区域和rRNA基因与其他哺乳动物具有很高的同源性。     

16S和23S rDNA基因序列分析分类鉴定中国衣原体流行株

通过分析比较部分16S/23S rDNA序列,对现有保存的9株国内衣原体流行株进行了分子遗传学鉴定。虽然这些分离株分离自不同的动物,但它们的16S/23S扩增部分完全相同,经16S/23S rDNA序列同源性比较可以一致鉴定国内流行株为鹦鹉热嗜衣原体。     

暗纹东方鲀线粒体COI及其侧翼tRNA基因的克隆与序列分析

以暗纹东方鲀(Takifugu fasciatus)肝脏的线粒体DNA为模板,按照红鳍东方鲀线粒体DNA序列设计合成特异引物进行PCR扩增,克隆并测定了线粒体细胞色素氧化酶I亚基（COI）及其侧翼tRNA基因的全序列,结果显示,克隆了暗纹东方鲀COI基因1546bp及其5′端上游的tRNATyr基因和3′端下游的tRNASer基因序列共1766bp。用DNA分析软件对暗纹东方鲀与GenBank中10个目13种鱼类的COI序列进行比较分析,显示暗纹东方鲀与这些鱼类的COI基因具有较高的同源性,与同属红鳍东方鲀的同源性最高为97.6%,与同目不同科的矛尾翻车鲀和翻车鲀的同源性为76.5%和75.4%。根据暗纹东方鲀与其他13种鱼的COI基因序列同源性所建立的进化树,与传统的分类地位基本吻合。推定的这二种tRNA的二级结构都具有典型的三叶草型结构。     

Identification of the alternative splice products encoded by the human protein phosphatase inhibitor-1 gene

We have isolated three major cDNA fragments of protein phosphatase inhibitor-1 from human brain and liver by RT-PCR. The 536 bp fragment encoded the wild-type of inhibitor-1 while two other fragments were alternative splice products of the inhibitor-1 gene, which was confirmed by partial genomic DNA sequencing. The 380 bp fragment encoded an in-frame 51-residue-deleted inhibitor-1, named inhibitor-1alpha, and the deletion occurred from residue 84 to 134 of inhibitor-1. The 316 bp fragment termed inhibitor-1beta was derived from an internal deletion of 536 bp fragment. This deletion resulted in an out of frame shift, allowing the 316 bp fragment that encoded the partial sequence of inhibitor-1. Based on the reported mRNA sequence of inhibitor-1 and evidence from our RT-PCR, we suggested that inhibitor-1beta consisted of 132 amino acids of which the N-terminal 61 amino acid sequences were identical to inhibitor-1 while the sequence after residue-61 was markedly different.     

The mitochondrial genome of the predatory mite Metaseiulus occidentalis (Arthropoda: Chelicerata: Acari: Phytoseiidae) is unexpectedly large and contains several novel features

The complete mitochondrial genome of the phytoseiid Metaseiulus occidentalis (Arthropoda: Chelicerata: Acari: Phytoseiidae) has been sequenced. It is 24,961 bp in length and contains a 14,695-bp unique region, a 345-bp triplicated region, and a 9921-bp duplicated region, in that order. The A+T content of the unique region is 76.9% and contains 11 protein coding (COI-III; ATP6-8; CytB; ND1, 2, 4, 5 and 4L), two ribosomal RNA (srRNA and lrRNA), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and two copies of D-loop control sequence. Two genes (ND3 and 6) appear to be missing, but there is a large intergenic spacer (390 bp) present, which could contain ND3 if a different codon usage is employed. The gene order is completely different from the pattern in all other known chelicerates, including the horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus [Lavrov et al., Mol. Biol. Evol., 2000; 17:813-824]. All the inferred tRNA genes are missing the TPsiC arm, but this arm has fused with the variable arm to generate a TV replacement loop. The duplicated region (9921 bp) contains 18 genes in the same order as in the unique region from CytB to tRNA-His, plus one copy of D-loop control sequence (311 bp) and a partial tRNA-Leu2 sequence (34 bp). The small triplicated region (345 bp) contains a D-loop control sequence (311 bp) and a partial tRNA-Leu2 sequence (34 bp). Because of these anomalies, amplifying sequences posed technical difficulties, but were accomplished by using a primer-walking strategy and increasing the AT content to 75% in the high-fidelity PCR dNTP mix. This is the first phytoseiid mitochondrial genome to be completely sequenced and the largest (25 kb) detected from the Chelicerata.     

胚乳自主发生型龙须草FIE基因部分cDNA序列克隆和分析

根据拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)、水稻(Oryza sativa)、玉米(Zea mays)等物种的FIE序列的保守区域设计简并引物,以龙须草(Eulaliopsis binata)的花序为材料,抽提RNA,用RT-PCR的方法扩增到800 bp左右的片断,将其克隆到pGEM-T载体上并测序。结果表明该片断与已报道的玉米、高粱(Sorghum halepense)和水稻等FIE同源基因具有较高的相似性,为龙须草FIE基因特异片断。     

圈卷产色链霉菌尼可霉素生物合成基因-sanK的克隆及功能研究

利用染色体步移策略,以尼可霉素生物合成相关的基因片段为探针,从圈卷产色链霉菌中克隆到了一个大约１０ｋｂ的ＤＮＡ片段。对其中１．８ｋｂ的ＰｖｕⅡ－ＳａｃⅡ片段进行了序列分析,结果表明：此片段中含有一个具有１１７０个核苷酸的完整开放阅读框,起始密码子为４４７位的ＡＴＧ,终止密码子为１６１４位的ＴＧＡ,推测其编码一个３８９个氨基酸的蛋白质产物。利用ＢＬＡＳＴＸ程序进行了分析揭示,此基因编码一个肌氨酸单体     

稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe grisea)诱导的水稻早期反应基因ER1的5'' 端cDNA片段克隆及序列分析

研究高等生物基因表达与调控的一个重要方面是分离基因的编码区及其上游的调控序列（ＤｅＶｅｅｒ等１９９７）,这需要获得一个基因的ｃＤＮＡ全长及从植物基因组获取全基因。在前文（周建明等１９９９）中曾经分离了稻瘟病菌侵染诱导的水稻早期反应基因ＥＲ１的ｃＤＮＡ片段,但是运用ｍＲＮＡ差异显示技术分离的ｃＤＮＡ片段往往只有近ｍＲＮＡ３’端的一部分,难以反映基因的结构及功能特点,因此,必须进一步分离其５’端的部分才有可能比较全面地了解此基因的特点。ＲＡＣＥ（ｒａｐｉｄａｍｐｌｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｃＤＮＡｅｎ…     

Identification of A Ribonucleoprotein Gene from Rice Seedlings

The mixed oligonucleotides derived from partial amino acid sequence of RNP-CS I and RNP-CS I were used as primers for PCR amplification from cDNA of rice (Oryza sativa L. "Guangluai No. 4” ) etiolated seedling and a 300 bp fragment was obtained. Sequence analysis revealed that this gene fragment contains two partial RNP-CS-type RNA binding domains with space region which is typical of ribonucleoprotein in feature.     

Isolation and structure of the replicon of the promiscuous plasmid pCU1

Evidence is presented to indicate that a PvuII fragment of approx. 2 kb isolated from the 39-kb IncN-group plasmid pCU-1 contains all plasmid-borne determinants for stable maintenance as an extrachromosomal element in Escherichia coli K-12. The fragment was sequenced. The features of this sequence include a group of 13 direct tandem repeats of 37 bp and a second group of two other direct repeats of 30 bp flanking a third partial member of this group. In addition, for a 19-bp sequence that overlaps a member of this second group, there are inverted repeats that straddle the members of the first group. There are three open reading frames within the fragment. We compare features of this sequence with that of other plasmid replicons and draw attention to similar and to dissimilar features.     

Complete mitochondrial genome of Locusta migratoria migratoria (Orthoptera: Oedipodidae): three tRNA-like sequences on the N-strand

The complete 16053 bp mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence of Locusta migratoria migratoria has been determined. This mitogenome contains the base compositional biases and codon usage typical of metazoans, and the RSCU values indicate a negative correlation with the C and G contents in codon. The orientation and gene order of the L. migratoria migratoria is identical to Locusta migratoria migratoiodes. An unusual feature of the L. migratoria migratoria mitogenome is the presence of three tRNA-like structures on the N-strand: one tRNA(Ile)-like and two tRNA(Leu(CUN))-like sequences. The tRNA-like sequences have proper folding structures and anticodons sequences. Two repeated DNA sequences, Rpt I and Rpt II, were found in the A+T-rich region of the L. migratoria migratoria mitogenome. Both repeated sequences have various features. In the 5' region of Rpt I, a 51 bp fragment is localized in the srRNA gene; and there are two tandemly sub-repeated DNA sequences (sub-Rpts), Rpt 1-4, within Rpt I and Rpt II. One stem-loop structure on the N-strand that may be involved in the N-strand replication initiation was found in the A+T-rich region.