多肽抗生素apidaecin基因在乳酸乳球菌中的融合表达

利用乳链菌肽(nisin)诱导表达系统,以泛素(ubiquitin)融合蛋白的形式在乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis)中表达了多肽抗生素apidaecin。利用TricineSDSPAGE和Western blotting均可在诱导后的宿主菌中检测到特异蛋白带。表达产物的最高产量可达宿主菌可溶性蛋白的7.2%左右。在体外用泛素特异性蛋白酶UBPI从融合蛋白中切除泛素后,产物具有明显的抗菌活性。     

固定化乳酸乳球菌连续生产Nisin的研究

以海藻酸钙为材料 ,固定乳酸乳球菌 (Lactococcuslactissubsp .lactis)SM5 2 6 ,研究不同条件对Nisin合成的影响。结果表明 ,利用 2 %海藻酸钠在 1 0mmol LCaCl2 条件下 ,得到的固定化细胞颗粒稳定性较好 ,可维持 90h无破裂 ;在发酵过程中SYS3培养基中的无机盐成分尤其磷酸盐对固定化颗粒有破坏作用 ;用mSYS3培养基代替SYS3 ,通过 72h三批次循环的半连续培养 ,Nisin活性为 85 0IU mL ,无明显的细胞渗漏现象。连续化生产 70h ,Nisin活性达 1 1 5 0IU mL ,相当于游离细胞的发酵水平。     

嗜热菌的耐热L-乳酸脱氢酶的研究

从广东各地的热温泉(55—95℃)水样中,分离到200余株最适生长温度高于70℃的极端嗜热菌。其中一株编号为HG25,具有耐热胞内L-乳酸脱氢酶(L—Lactate dehydrogenase EC．1．1．1．27．,简称LDH),有栖热菌属(Thermus)的特征,革兰氏阴性,无芽孢,好氧,不运动,产黄色素,最适生长温度为65—75℃,最高生长温度为85℃,最低为40℃,不水解淀粉,不从葡萄糖产酸,DNA的G+c百分含量为65mol％,L-乳酸脱氢酶经硫酸铵分级沉淀、DEAE-纤维素生层析作了初步提纯,比活提高7倍,LDH还原丙酮酸反血的最运温度为6 0℃,最适PH为8 0,酶在70℃稳定,保温10分钟后,仍保留85％的原始酶活力。失活半寿期(t1/2)为85℃10分钟。     

利用天然纤维废弃物发酵生产L-乳酸的研究

为了降低L-乳酸的生产成本,更好的实现生物质秸秆的资源化,利用天然纤维素依次接种经离子注入诱变处理的木聚糖酶高产菌黑曲霉P602和米根霉RL6041高产菌进行固、液体二次发酵的方法,将其转化成用于工业生产的L-乳酸。结果表明:本实验条件下,未经过任何化学预处理的秸秆等物质接种黑曲霉P602进行固体发酵,产生的木聚糖酶活力为6 320 IU/g干(培养)基,纤维素酶活力为29 IU/g干基;加入100 mL水浸提后,产生的还原糖浓度为14.07 g/L,纤维物质糖化率为79.45%。取滤液接入米根霉RL6041进行液体发酵后,生成乳酸的量为7 g/L,糖酸转化率为47.6%,以(NH4)2SO4作为氮源时,最佳氮源浓度为3 g/L。     

一个含有乳链菌肽抗性基因的乳酸乳球菌质粒pTS50的鉴定

在添加乳链菌肽、乳糖及溴甲酚紫的M1 7选择培养基上 ,从 1 97个新鲜牛奶样品中筛选到 3株乳链菌肽抗性菌株 ,PCR扩增证实它们都含有乳链菌肽抗性基因。菌种生理生化特性鉴定及特异性 1 6SrDNAPCR扩增产物的序列测定结果表明这 3株菌都属于乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种。质粒转化实验发现乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种TS 1 640中的乳链菌肽抗性基因位于一个约47kb的大质粒pTS50上。BamHI、EcoRI、HindⅢ、NcoI、PstⅠ酶切分析和Southern杂交 ,进一步将乳链菌肽抗性基因定位于pTS50的一个约 1 9kbEcoRI酶切片段中     

乳酸克鲁维酵母β－半乳糖苷酶的分离纯化及性质研究

乳酸克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces lactis)经高压破壁后的粗提液,其β-半乳糖苷酶(E．C．3．2．1．23)比活力为5．56u／mg。经硫酸铵沉淀,丙酮沉淀,PAPMA—Sepharose 4B柱层析后,乳糖酶比活力达370u／mg,纯化了66．2倍,SDS—PAGE鉴定为一条带,分子量85000Da。酶作用的最适pH在6．4—6．8之间,最适温度40℃,50℃保温15min酶活丧失90％。以邻硝基苯一β一半乳糖苷(ONPG)为底物的米氏常数为2．78mmoI／L。酶的正常水解产物半乳糖对酶活力有一定的抑制作用,核糖强烈抑制酶活力,Fe²⁺、Zn²⁺、Cu²⁺、Ag⁺、PCMB和NBS都能使酶活丧失。Mg²⁺、Mn²⁺和还原剂巯基乙醇的存在能提高酶活力。     

爱德华氏菌产乳酸氧化酶的条件研究

在以前工作的基础上,对已获得的产乳酸氧化酶的5株菌进行复筛,对产酶量大的一株菌进行了分类鉴定,确定该菌株属迟钝爱德华氏菌生物群I(Edwardsiella tarda Biogroup I)。这与曾报道的产乳酸氧化酶分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium)和片球菌(Pediococcus)是不同的菌。分别研究了培养基中的培养初始pH、核黄素、乳酸钠以及硫酸铵对发酵产乳酸氧化酶的影响。这一酶源在酶法生产丙酮酸及医疗诊断和酶电极应用上有意义。     

氨水中和Lactobacillus delbrueckiisubsp. lactis BME5-18M发酵生成L-乳酸铵的研究*

实验确定了Lactobacillusdelbrueckiisubsp lactisBME5-18M接种的最佳种龄为24h。以氨水取代传统的中和剂碳酸钙中和发酵生成的乳酸、调控发酵液的pH ,考察了不同pH值对菌体生长和产酸的影响 ,确定了菌种生长和产酸的较适pH值为 6.5。考察了底物流加速度对菌种生长和产酸的影响 ,对间歇和流加发酵时菌体的生长量和产酸量进行了动力学关联。在较适pH值 6.5和较佳流加速度 25mL/h条件下 ,乳酸的产量可达到 136.8g/L ,产率为1.     

产抑菌素菌株SM-A的分离和鉴定

自市售酸乳酪中分离到一株乳球菌SM-A菌株。该菌株产生的抑菌素能抑制或杀死芽孢杆菌、葡萄球菌、微球菌、链球菌、棒杆菌和梭菌等革兰氏阳性细菌,但对革兰氏阴性细菌、霉菌和酵母无效。SM-A菌株多为链球状,也有成对存在。革兰氏染色阳性,抗酸染色阴性,兼性厌氧生长,最适生长温度32℃,不形成芽孢,无荚膜和鞭毛,不运动;可从多种糖类产酸,但不产气;接触酶、苯丙氨酸脱氨酶和酪氨酸脱羧酶均为阴性,精氨酸双水解酶阳性;不液化明胶,还原石蕊牛奶并胨化,生长温度范围10～43℃,DNA中G+Cmol为36.4％。经鉴定,SM-A菌株为乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种(Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactis)。     

L-乳酸脱氢酶基因克隆及功能分析

构建了一株产D ,L_乳酸的乳杆菌 (Lactobacillussp .)MD_1的基因文库。利用乳酸脱氢酶和丙酮酸裂解酶缺陷的EscherichiacoliFMJ14 4作为宿主 ,通过互补筛选分离克隆到乳酸脱氢酶基因 (ldhL)。核酸序列分析表明 ,该基因以ATG为起始密码子编码 316个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白质 ,预测的分子量为 33 84kD ;5′端存在典型的启动子结构 ,3′端的终止子是不依赖于 ρ因子的转录终止子。ldhL编码的蛋白质有 3个保守区域 ,其中Gly13～Asp50保守区域是NADH的结合位点 ,Asp73～Ile10 0和Asn12.3～Arg15.4保守区是酶的活性部位。该ldhL和其他乳杆菌的ldhL基因和编码的氨基酸序列相似性较低 ,核苷酸序列相似性最高仅为 64.1% ,氨基酸序列相似性最高仅为 68.9% ,是新的L_乳酸脱氢酶基因     

乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种W56中质粒pJW566的生物学特性

从丹麦乳酪发酵启子乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种 (Lactococcuslactissubsp .cremoris)W56中 ,分离到一个 2 2 4kb的质粒pJW566,将该质粒转化到无质粒且噬菌体敏感的L .lactisMG1 61 4、SMQ86菌株中 ,所得转化子对常见 963、c2和P335属的噬菌体具有一定抗性。经测定噬菌体以及含有pJW566的菌株所繁育的噬菌体效价 ,发现该质粒对外源DNA具有限制和修饰 (Re strictionandModification ,R M)作用。将pJW566转化到一株噬菌体敏感的乳酪工业生产菌株L .lactisCHCC2 2 81 ,在牛奶发酵中 ,表现出较强的噬菌体抗性。体外内切酶活性测定表明 ,该质粒具有的限制性内切酶需要Mg2 +和ATP ,而AdoMet(S adenosylmethionine,AdoMet)对酶活有促进作用     

乳链菌肽的分离纯化和部分生物学性质

用乳酸链球菌ＳＭ５２６进行乳链菌肽的发酵生产,产量为４０～５０ｍｇ／ｌ．经中空纤维超滤器超滤,非极性大孔吸附树脂ＸＡＤ－２层析,ＣＭ－ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＣ－２５层析和ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－５０层析纯化了该肽。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ表明达均一,ＲＰ－ＨＰＬＣ表明其纯度不低于９５％。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ测其Ｍｒ约为３６００,用ＩＥＦ测其等电点为９．５．酸性条件下稳定且抗热;对胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶不敏感,但对α－胰凝乳酶和蛋白酶Ｋ敏感。乳链菌肽对多种革兰氏阳性菌有强烈的抑制作用;以枯草杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为指示菌,其作用方式是杀菌。     

Cloning of a chromosomal fragment from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis partially complementing Escherichia coli recA functions

A recA-like gene was isolated from a gene library of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis by intergeneric complementation of an E. coli recA mutant. A plasmid was obtained which fully complemented the RecA response to DNA damaging agents and UV inducibility of prophage, but not P1 plating efficiency in an E. coli recA mutant. The cloned DNA fragment also partially complemented the rec mutation in Lc. lactis MMS36. Hybridization studies showed that there was no detectable sequence homology between the recA gene of E. coli and Lc. lactis subsp. lactis chromosomal DNA.     

16S rRNA和recA、groEL基因分类鉴定乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种和乳脂亚种的比较

【目的】比较16S rRNA和recA、groEL基因部分序列用于乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种和乳脂亚种分类鉴定的效果。【方法】对已鉴定的8株分离自传统发酵乳的乳酸乳球菌, 选取recA和groEL基因片段, 通过PCR扩增、测序, 将测序得到的序列比对后构建系统发育树, 并与16S rRNA基因序列分析技术进行比较。【结果】比较分析不同菌株16S rRNA和recA、groEL基因的亲缘关系, recA、groEL基因可以准确地完成乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种和乳脂亚种的区分和鉴定。【结论】recA和groEL基因序列分析可以实现乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种和乳脂亚种的区分, 因其具有快速、准确、稳定的特点, 可适合于乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种和乳脂亚种间的快速分类鉴定。     

南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B(CALB)基因在乳酸乳球菌MG1363中的整合及表达

根据南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B (CALB)的基因序列将CALB基因进行TA克隆、酶切鉴定及测序后,亚克隆至大肠杆菌-乳酸乳球菌穿梭表达栽体pMG36e-Nisl中,构建重组表达栽体pMG36e-Nisl-CALB.设计特异性引物P3和P4,对重组质粒pMG36e-NisI-CALB进行红霉素抗性基因的敲除,以构建食品级表达载体pMG36N-CALB,后再将两种重组质粒分别电转化入乳酸乳球菌MG1363,以Nisin为选择压力,考察CALB在MG1363中的表达情况.结果显示,成功构建了表达载体pMG36e-NisI-CALB及pMG36N-CALB,两株重组菌在含有20 IU Nisir/mL的培养基中均生长情况良好,遗传性能稳定,且经水解圈鉴定,CALB能够进行活性表达.进一步研究发现,CALB基因整合到乳酸乳球菌MG1363染色体中.     

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Lactococcus lactis from milk and plants

AIMS: The aim of this study was to obtain new Lactococcus lactis strains from nondairy materials for use as milk fermentation starters. The genetic and phenotypic traits of the obtained strains were characterized and compared with those of L. lactis strains derived from milk. It was confirmed that the plant-derived bacteria could be used as milk fermentation starters. METHODS AND RESULTS: About 2600 lactic acid bacteria were subjected to screening for L. lactis with species-specific PCR. Specific DNA amplification was observed in 106 isolates. Forty-one strains were selected, including 30 strains of milk-derived and 11 of plant-derived, and their phenotypic traits and genetic profiles were determined. The plant-derived strains showed tolerance for high salt concentration and high pH value, and fermented many more kinds of carbohydrates than the milk-derived strains. There were no remarkable differences in the profiles of enzymes, such as lipases, peptidases and phosphatases. Isolates were investigated by cluster analysis based on randomly amplified polymorphic DNA profiles. There were no significant differences between isolates from milk and those from plant. The L. lactis subsp. cremoris strains were clustered into two distinct groups, one composed of the strains having the typical cremoris phenotype and the other composed of strains having a phenotype similar to subsp. lactis. Fermented milk manufactured using the plant-derived strains were not inferior in flavour to that manufactured using the milk-derived strains. CONCLUSIONS: Plant-derived L. lactis strains are genetically close to milk-derived strains but have various additional capabilities, such as the ability to ferment many additional kinds of carbohydrates and greater stress-tolerance compared with the milk-derived strains. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The lactic acid bacteria obtained from plants in this study may be applicable for use in the dairy product industry.     

Novel paired starter culture system for sauerkraut, consisting of a nisin-resistant Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain and a nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis strain.

Nisin-resistant Leuconostoc mesenteroides NCK293 and nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis NCK401 were evaluated separately and in combination for growth and nisin production in a model sauerkraut fermentation. Strains were genetically marked and selectively enumerated by using antibiotic-containing media. The growth and survival of L. mesenteroides were similar in the presence and absence of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. The growth of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis was not inhibited, although the maximum cell density was reduced and the population decline was more pronounced in the presence of L. mesenteroides. Nisin was detected within 24 h, and levels were relatively constant over the 12-day test period. The maximum cell populations and nisin level achieved could be altered by changing the initial cell ratios of L. mesenteroides and lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. Isogenic nisin-producing and nisin-negative Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis derivatives were used in combination with nisin-resistant L. mesenteroides to demonstrate that nisin levels produced in mixed culture were sufficient to retard the onset of the growth of nisin-sensitive, homofermentative Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917.     

Novel paired starter culture system for sauerkraut, consisting of a nisin-resistant Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain and a nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis strain.

Nisin-resistant Leuconostoc mesenteroides NCK293 and nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis NCK401 were evaluated separately and in combination for growth and nisin production in a model sauerkraut fermentation. Strains were genetically marked and selectively enumerated by using antibiotic-containing media. The growth and survival of L. mesenteroides were similar in the presence and absence of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. The growth of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis was not inhibited, although the maximum cell density was reduced and the population decline was more pronounced in the presence of L. mesenteroides. Nisin was detected within 24 h, and levels were relatively constant over the 12-day test period. The maximum cell populations and nisin level achieved could be altered by changing the initial cell ratios of L. mesenteroides and lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. Isogenic nisin-producing and nisin-negative Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis derivatives were used in combination with nisin-resistant L. mesenteroides to demonstrate that nisin levels produced in mixed culture were sufficient to retard the onset of the growth of nisin-sensitive, homofermentative Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917.