国产重组酵母乙型肝炎疫苗接种小学生的五年免疫效果观察

为了解国产重组酵母乙肝疫苗的免疫持久性,对接种2批国产酵母疫苗（5μg/Dose),1批进口酵母疫苗（A;10μg/Dose)和另1批进口酵母疫苗（M;5μg/Dose)的268名小学生,进行了免后5年（T60）效果随访观察。结果表明,T60时接种A疫苗组抗体GMT（几何平均滴度）（197．53）显著高于M疫苗组（110．66）和2批国产疫苗（9312645GMT78．48,9312623GMT56．06）。抗体阳转率A疫苗组（85．71％）显著高于M疫苗组及国产两批疫苗（61．76％、65．26％、63．83％）（P＜0．05）。而国产两批疫苗与M疫苗组无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。本次随访结果表明,虽然国产酵母疫苗免后5年的抗体阳转率和抗体GMT与剂量相同的进口酵母疫苗的水平相当,但抗体阳转率已降至70％以下,应考虑加强接种。     

乙型肝炎疫苗低/无应答婴儿不同剂量和剂次再免疫效果及持久性观察

目的观察不同剂量和剂次乙型肝炎疫苗对低/无应答婴儿的再免疫效果及持久性。方法随机选取按0、1、6个月免疫程序接种5μg重组乙型肝炎疫苗(酿酒酵母)后,抗-HBs低/无应答(抗-HBs<100 m IU/m L),且HBsAg和HBV DNA均为阴性的7~12月龄婴儿163名为观察对象。随机分为2组,按照0、1、6个月免疫程序,分别用5μg或10μg重组乙型肝炎疫苗进行再免疫,分别于再免疫1剂、3剂后1个月及免疫后4年采集静脉血,用化学发光法检测抗-HBs,比较不同剂量、不同剂次、不同基础免疫状态抗-HBs水平。结果所有研究对象在随访期间均未发生乙肝病毒感染。再免疫1剂和3剂后,两种疫苗均获得较高的免疫应答,10μg汉逊酵母乙肝疫苗组抗-HBs GMC高于5μg酿酒酵母乙肝疫苗组,差异有统计学意义,但4年后差异无统计学意义。对低/无应答婴幼儿再免疫效果分层分析发现,再免疫1剂、3剂和再免疫后4年,低应答组抗-HBs阳性率和GMC均高于无应答组,差异均有统计学意义。结论低/无应答儿童再免疫效果良好,应答水平10μg/剂次组高于5μg/剂次组,但4年后差异无统计学意义。再免疫后的持久性免疫应答效果与初次免疫应答状态有关。     

新生儿国产重组(酵母)乙型肝炎疫苗免疫效果考核

为了考核新生儿接种国产重组(酵母)乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗后的免疫效果,并与血源乙肝疫苗效果比较。对1997年出生并接种重组(酵母)乙肝疫苗的新生儿隔年随访一次,采血检测乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg),乙肝病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)和乙肝病毒核心抗体(抗-HBc),1998年以后对乙肝免疫人群开展急性乙肝发病监测。显示五年期间3次随访检测HBsAg阳性率平均为1.5%,较免前本底的HBsAg阳性率呈较大幅度下降,疫苗保护率为83%(95%可信区间为76.97%~89.02%),无论母亲HBsAg阳性或阴性,使用不同乙肝疫苗的儿童HBsAg阳性率没有统计学差异。接受重组(酵母)乙肝疫苗免疫的对象中,无一例急性乙肝病例报告。重组(酵母)乙肝疫苗有较好的近期保护效果和免疫原性,与以前使用血源乙肝疫苗效果相当。     

新生儿接种流感嗜血杆菌乙型肝炎偶联疫苗（COMVAX^TM）的安全性和免疫效果研究

将出生时接种过重组酵母乙肝疫苗的131名HBsAg阴性母亲的新生儿,随机分为两组,一组接种COMVAX^TM,另一组接种单价乙肝疫苗和单价流感嗜血杆菌偶联疫苗,出生时第一针乙肝疫苗接种后,应用2,4,13月程序免疫,在2,4月免疫后,接种COMVAX^TM组和对照组新生儿中无一例发生重度副反应,接种COMVAX^TM组新生第一针免疫前（2月）和二针免后一个月（5月）的抗－HBs阳转率分别为53．73％和95．00％,抗全GMT分别为104．10和56．29,均与接种单价组无显著差异,第二针免疫后一个月接种COMVAX^TM组96．00％新生儿抗－PRP抗体达到长期保护临界值（1.0ug/ml)水平,而接种单价流感嗜血杆菌疫苗组新生儿为95．20％,结果表明,对于健康母亲所生的新生儿,接种COMVAX^TM疫苗,抗－HBs和抗－PRP抗体阳转率及滴度均不低于接种单价疫苗组。     

转基因细胞分泌乙型肝炎重组疫苗在儿童中的免疫原性初步研究

本文报告用转基因细胞B43分泌的乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原主蛋白经纯化制成的87-4批重组疫苗进行临床接种观察的结果,同时用8723-1批血源疫苗作对照。疫苗接种采用0、1、2月各接种1针的方案。重组疫苗共接种111名8～13岁儿童,分为20μg、10μg及5μg 3组,血源疫苗分为20μg、10μg 2组。所有儿童接种前检查乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原、抗体及核心抗体均阴性.20μg组1针后1个月,重组疫苗阳转率60.5％,血源疫苗为31％;2针后1个月,两种疫苗的阳转率分别为100％和72.4％;血源疫苗3针后1个月阳转率也仅79.3％。3针后1个月两种疫苗的抗体几何平均滴度(GMT)分别为492.7和207.4mIU。但重组疫苗6个月后血清抗体的GMT为628mIU。10μg组1针后1个月的阳转率重组疫苗为21.7％,血源疫苗为20.9％;2针后1个月分别为87％及62.8％;3针后1个月分别为100％及81.4％。抗体GMT分别为163.7和129.6mIU.5μg组的重组疫苗免疫后6个月100％阳转,其GMT为56mIU。结论认为无论从阳转率或几何平均滴度分析判断,重组疫苗均优于血源疫苗。     

乙型肝炎病毒基因重组疫苗免疫儿童成人效果及阻断母婴传播的研究

以中试连续生产的6批乙肝基因重组疫苗(R—Hepavac—B)免疫儿童和成人,每剂10μg,3批苗按0、1、6月,另3批苗按0、1、2月方案接种。每批分别接种8～10岁儿童51～66人,6批共363人,18～20岁成人46～52人,6批共287人。同时用两批血源苗作对照,分别接种儿童共85人,成人84人。又用其中89—10批HBsHg含量为20μg/ml的疫苗,按20μg×3,0、1、6月方案接种HBsAg和HBeAg双阳性母亲所生婴儿36名,HBsAg阳性母亲的婴儿19名。结果显示,10μg重组疫苗3针后,无论儿童和成人其抗HBs抗体阳转率均为100％,而对照,儿童成人各有1例未阳转。儿童按0、1、6方案接种者,其抗体GMT为363.8～470.5mIU,按0、1、2方案接种者,为150.8～195.5mIU。前者高于血源苗对照,而后者持平。成人0、1、6方案GMT为189.4～247.2mIU,0、1、2方案为87.9～96.3mIU,均略低于血源苗对照.经复测,此批血源苗含量为15μg/ml,高于基因苗含量,可能是造成以上结果的原因。母婴阻断结果显示,双阳性母亲子女36人,3针免后86.1％(32/36)的婴儿获得保护。单阳性母亲子女19人全部获得保护。     

地鼠肾细胞狂犬病纯化疫苗临床研究观察

了解地鼠肾细胞狂犬病纯化疫苗接种安全性及有效性。分别以 1.0ml及 0 .5ml的剂量 ,按暴露后及暴露前免疫程序给 313人接种 ,用小鼠中和试验法检测血清中和抗体效价。结果显示 :临床副反应轻微 ,副反应率为0 .89%～ 15 % ;免疫全量疫苗和半量疫苗的人群均获保护力 ,抗体阳转率为 10 0 % ,免后抗体GMT滴度分别为35 .2IU/ml(n =32 )和 31.4IU/ml(n =37) ,经检验两组无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;免疫全量疫苗和半量疫苗两组的免疫前、后相比 ,经检验有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,表明疫苗安全有效     

结核分枝杆菌抗原重组酿酒酵母免疫诱导小鼠特异性免疫应答

近年来基于重组酿酒酵母全细胞的新型疫苗研究报道不断出现。以结核杆菌重要保护抗原ESAT6和Ag85B为对象,采用pHR酿酒酵母表达系统,构建了两种分别表达ESAT6-Ag85B(EA)和IFN-γ-ESAT6-Ag85B(IEA)融合抗原的重组酿酒酵母Yeast-EA和Yeast-IEA。重组酵母以皮下注射方式免疫小鼠后,小鼠产生高水平Ag85B特异性抗体,淋巴细胞分泌IFN-γ、IL-2等细胞因子,无IL-4产生,发生Th1型细胞免疫应答,其中Yeast-IEA效应更强,优于传统的BCG疫苗。实验证实重组酵母能够刺激树突状细胞的成熟分化。研究结果显示结核分枝杆菌抗原重组酿酒酵母全细胞疫苗具有发展成为新型抗结核疫苗的潜力。     

阳江市健康人群乙型肝炎血清流行病学调查

目的了解阳江市健康人群乙型肝炎表面抗体(抗-HBs)水平,评价乙型肝炎疫苗免疫效果。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,在阳江市辖区内随机抽取20个乡镇的常住健康人群为调查对象。采用电化学发光免疫法定量检测抗-HBs水平,运用SPSS18.0和Excel 2007软件进行数据整理和分析。结果共采集1 054人份血清进行检测,人群中乙肝疫苗接种率为94.88%,抗-HBs阳性率为63.47%、抗-HBs高应答率及GMT分别为29.51%和2 3.47 m IU/m L。乙肝疫苗接种率显示,随着年龄的增长疫苗接种率越低;20岁以下和20岁以上人群疫苗接种率分别为98.35%和54.22%,且男性高于女性;各地区间疫苗接种率差异无统计学意义(χ2=5.99,P=0.11)。抗-HBs阳性率显示,1~14岁儿童抗-HBs阳性率为63.00%。其中,1~岁组儿童最高为87.20%,7~岁组最低为54.56%;江城区抗-HBs阳性率最高(70.61%),阳西县最低(56.60%)。1岁以下儿童的抗-HBs应答率和GMT均最高,分别为61.22%和(91.56±2.15)m IU/m L。5~岁组最低,分别为13.74%和(12.44±1.46)m IU/m L,差异均有显著的统计学意义(χ2=57.31,P=0.00,F=5.77,P=0.00)。结论阳江市健康人群乙肝疫苗接种率高,初步形成免疫屏障。积极开展20岁以下人群的加强免疫和成人的乙肝疫苗的接种工作。     

重组乙肝疫苗纯度高效液相层析(HPLC)测定方法的改进

为建立重组汉逊酵母乙肝疫苗HPLC检定方法,应用TSK－G5000PW检测系统测定汉逊酵母重组乙肝疫苗表面抗原的纯度,对不同样品处理液的配比浓度和处理时间分别进行了探讨,作者选用DTT／Tween-80作为样品处理效果优于DTT＋Tween-20,1:50Tween-80与0.1mol/L等量混合为样品处理液的适宜浓度。样品处理液与等量样品混匀时间介于35s-2min时,HPLC分离效果好,结果稳定。该处理液及处理时间对CHO细胞及Merck酿酒酵母重组乙肝疫苗表面抗原的HPLC纯度测定无影响。结果表明：现有的HPLC检测系统用0.1mol/L DTT与1：50 Tween-80等量混合处理后能有效地检测不同类型重组乙肝疫苗表面抗原的纯度。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV