放射损伤,烧伤与放烧复合伤血清成份对心肌细胞钙离子…

本实验研究了放射损伤,烧伤与放烧复合伤后血清成份对培养心肌细胞Ｌ－型钙离子通道活动的影响。结果表明：伤后血清对上述通道的有激活作用,从而改变细胞内钙离子水平,此可能为伤后心脏功能抑制的一个重要机理。在作用强度上,复合伤血清重于单一伤,烧伤重于放射损伤,这是导致不同伤后血清对心功能抑制程度不一的重要因素。     

“首乌降脂汤”对大鼠食物性高脂血症的预防作用研究

本试验就“首乌降脂汤”对大鼠食物性高脂血症的预防作用进行了试验研究。结果能呈现剂量依赖性地抑制高血脂模型大鼠血清ＴＣ、ＴＧ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ的升高及ＨＤＬ－Ｃ的降低并同时降低血清中脂质过氧化物的水平。     

颈交感神经阻滞对严重烧伤大鼠肾脏的保护作用及其机制研究

目的:观察颈交感神经阻滞(CSB)对严重烧伤大鼠肾脏的保护作用,并对其可能机制进行初步探讨。方法:制作放烧严重烧伤伤大鼠大鼠模型,在伤后即刻及连续4天内进行双侧颈交感神经阻滞,观察生命体征、肾功能指标、肾脏组织学改变、血流灌注、抗氧化能力、肾组织Bcl-2表达改变。结果:经过颈交感神经阻滞处理后,伤后各时相点动物肾功能均较对照组为好,组织学病变减轻,器官血流量下降幅度减小,总抗氧化能力好于对照组,免疫组化显示CSB组肾组织中Bcl-2的表达较严重烧伤组明显增高。结论:颈交感神经阻滞可改善严重烧伤大鼠肾脏血液灌注,增强抗氧化能力,预防伤后肾脏功能损害。     

芋螺毒素与钙离子通道相互作用的计算机模拟

电压门控N－型钙离子通道是与神经元中释放的神经信号传递有关的跨细胞膜的特殊蛋白质分子,它由好几个蛋白质亚基组成,其中的α1亚基包含了电压敏感器和钙离子的选择性孔道,该亚基的一级结构已经发表,一般认为α1亚基包含4个重复单位（I－Ⅳ）,每个重复单位包括6段跨膜区（S1－S6）,其中跨膜区S4上有很多正电荷,被认为是通道的电压敏感器,S5和S6之间的连接区（P区）被认为是形成通道的门孔的部分,N－型钙离子通道能够被一些w-芋螺毒素特异性在阻断,这些ω－芋螺毒素的三维结构已经由二维核磁共振方法测定,尽管还没有被证实,但一般认为w-芋螺毒素占据了通道的孔道,有实验证明,钙离子第三个重复单位的P区（ⅢP区）是通道的芋螺毒素结合的主要部位,在本中,我们用分子模拟程序建模了ⅢP区的结构,为了通道的阻断机理有一个清楚的了解,我们利用分子对接程序模拟了IIIP区和三种芋螺毒素GVA,MVIIA和S03作用的理论模型,在我们的模型中,GVIA与钙通道的作用方式可能与MVIIA不同,而M VII A和SO3与钙通道的作用方式可能相同,我们还讨论了这些芋螺毒素中的关键残基的作用。     

LFA—1／ICAM—1在ConA诱导的小鼠胸腺细胞活化中的作用

用抗ＬＦＡ－１／ＩＣＡＭ－１粘附分子单克隆抗体和ＣｏｎＡ联合刺激小鼠胸腺细胞,初步研究了该膜分子在经ＴＣＲ／ＣＤ３介导的胸腺细胞活化信号传导以及胸腺细胞亚群选择中的作用。在ＣｏｎＡ刺激系统中,抗ＡＬＦＡ－１／ＩＣＡＭ－１单抗均能抑制胸腺细胞的增殖应答,且以抗ＬＦＡ－１单抗均能抑制胸腺细胞的增殖应答,且以抗ＬＦＡ－１单抗的作用更为显著,而在ＰＡＭ加钙离子载体Ａ２３１８７刺激体系中,抗ＬＦＡ－１单抗却     

脑缺血/再灌对蒙古沙土鼠海马突触体酪氨酸磷酸化的影响

用蒙古沙土鼠双侧颈总动脉结扎（ＢＣＡＯ）前脑缺血模型,研究缺血／再灌对海马突触体蛋白酪氨酸磷酸休的影响及ＮＭＤＡ受体（ＮＲ）非竞争性拮抗剂氯胺酮（Ｋｅｔａｍｉｎｅ,ＫＴ）、Ｌ－型电压门控钙离子通道（Ｌ－ｔｙｐｅ ｖｏｌｔａｇｅ ｇａｔｅｄｃａｌｃｉｕｍ ｃｈａｎｎｅｌ,Ｌ－型ＶＧＣＣ）拮抗剂硝苯吡啶（ｎｉｆｅｄｉｐｉｎｅ,ＮＤ）及非ＮＲ拮抗６,７－二硝基喹恶啉上卫四（６,７－ｄｉ－ｎｉｔｒｏｐｕ     

高压氧对脑缺血及再灌注时海马游离Ca^2＋及钙通道的作用

应用新型钙离子荧光指示剂Ｆｕｒａ－２／ＡＭ测定海定突触体内游离Ｃａ＾２＋浓度,观察在脑缺血时不同压力高压氧治疗后的变化规律,并应用＾３ＨＰＮ２００－１１０作为放射性配基,用放射配体结合法测定海马组织Ｌ－型钙通道生物学特性和缺血及高压氧治疗后的变化。结果表明：脑缺血及再灌注后海马脑区突触体内游离Ｃａ＾２＋浓度显著增加,其Ｌ－型钙通道的Ｂｍａｘ和Ｋｄ值均显著上升,但经吸入高压氧后,可降低胞浆内游离Ｃａ     

急性低氧对豚鼠心室肌细胞L型钙通道的影响

应用常规膜片箝全细胞记录技术,研究心肌细胞的内向钙离子流时,钙通道的″ＲｕｎＤｏｗｎ″现象使记录时间较短,难以进行适当的实验分析。在分离的豚鼠心室肌细胞上应用制霉菌素全细胞记录技术,可减少″ＲｕｎＤｏｗｎ″现象,内向Ｌ－型钙电流可保持稳定达１００ｍｉｎ以上,显示内源性钙离子缓冲机制保持稳定。应用制霉菌素全细胞记录技术,急性低氧１０ｍｉｎ（Ｐｏ２４±０．７ｋＰａ）,Ｌ－型钙电流被抑制（钙电流峰值降低）,电压－电流曲线上移。复氧１０ｍｉｎ后,内向钙电流不能恢复,峰值低于对照水平。结果提示：急性低氧引起的心肌动作电位时程（ＡＰＤ）缩短时,不仅外向钾电流增加,而且也伴有内向钙电流的抑制过程,这些现象可能与心肌细胞的Ｌ－型钙通道的磷酸化在低氧时的部分抑制有关。     

NaCl（2 mol／L）处理PSⅡ颗粒的Ca^2＋重结合

回加Ｃａ＾２＋对ＮａＣｌ（２ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）处理菠菜ＰＳⅡ颗粒放氧活恬的作用表现出有两种Ｋｍ值分别为０．０２１和０．５４５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ高亲和与低亲和的Ｃａ＾２＋重结合过程。高浓度ＮａＣｌ和低ｐＨ（３．０）处理支Ｃａ的ＰＳⅡ颗粒的光抑制放氧活性半衰期明显减小,重结合Ｃａ＾２＋后,虽然大部分丧失的放氧活性可恢复,但ＰＳⅡ颗粒放氧活性对光抑制的敏感性却并不随之恢复,ｔ１／２无明显改变。显然,重组Ｃａ＾２＋     

氧化修饰极低密度脂蛋白增强其致动脉粥样硬化作用

研究了氧化修饰极低密度脂蛋白（ｏｘ－ＶＬＤＬ）对小白鼠腹腔巨噬细胞内脂质堆积作用及其机制。经Ｃｕ~（２＋）修饰后ＶＬＤＬ的电泳迁移率及脂质过氧化物含量均显著增加。ｏｘ－ＶＬＤＬ更易导致小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞内脂质堆积。以相同浓度（３００μｇＴＧ／ｍＬ）或不同浓度（２００─５００μｇＴＧ／ｍＬ）的ｏｘ－ＶＬＤＬ及正常ＶＬＤＬ（ｎ－ＶＬＤＬ）与巨噬细胞温育２４ｈ,前者使巨噬细胞内ＴＧ堆积均比后者显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。同时,随ｏｘ－ＶＬＤＬ的脂质过氧化物含量（ＴＢＡＲＳ水平）增加,巨噬细胞内ＴＧ含量的百分率相应增加。以５０μｇ蛋白／ｍＬ的ｎ－ＬＤＬ,ｏｘ－ＬＤＬ,ｎ－ＶＬＤＬ及ｏｘ－ＶＬＤＬ与巨噬细胞温育６０ｈ。细胞内ＣＥ堆积中氧化组均比正常组高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。巨噬细胞对~（１２５）Ｉ－ｎ－ＶＬＤＬ与~（１２５）Ｉ－ｏｘ－ＶＬＤＬ的结合、降曲线均有饱和趋势。两结合曲线无明显差异,但细胞对后者降解的量比前者多。结合的竞争实验表明,ｎ－ＶＬＤＬ能抑制大部分~（１２５）Ｉ－ｏｘ－ＶＬＤＬ与细胞结合,而Ａｃ－ＬＤＬ只能抑制小部分。结果表明ｏｘ－ＶＬＤＬ主要通过受体途径：大部分经过ｎ－ＶＬＤＬ受体,小部分经过清道夫受体被巨噬细胞摄     

CNTF对烧伤大鼠血清引起大鼠海马神经元细胞毒性的影响

应用整体和离体神经元培养,观察CNTF对烧伤大鼠海马神经元及烧伤血清引起海马神经元损伤的影响,结果表明,大鼠烧伤后海马组织神经元数目减少,NO含量升高;烧伤大鼠血清可引起培养的海马神经元细胞存活率下降,培养液中NO含量升高;CNTF能降低烧伤大鼠海马组织中NO的含量,保护海马神经元,并能提高培养的海马神经元的存活率,减少培养液中NO含量,其作用呈剂量依赖性;CNTF对神经元存活率的影响与NO含量呈显著负相关,提示CNTF对烧伤大鼠血清引起的海马神经元损伤有保护作用,其作用机制可能是通过抑制NO的神经毒性。     

Insulin induces changes in the subcellular distribution of actin and 5′-nucleotidase

The present study utilized a cultured adult myocardial cell model to examine the arachidonic acid metabolism under different cell-damaging and normoxic conditions. Cell injury was caused by short-time hypoxia, calcium ionophore A 23187-triggered cell-damage under hypoxia and cell disruption by freezing and thawing. The current study demonstrates that under the cell-damaging conditions cultured adult heart myocytes resemble myocardial cells under normoxic conditions in metabolizing arachidonic acid into triacylglycerols and phospholipids as the major route (a), in formation of ETYA-inhibitable indomethacin-resistant lipid metabolites in minor amounts (b) and in being independent of calcium overload in the metabolic pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism (c). The ETYA-inhibitable components were resolved by HPLC. There was no evidence in formation of lipoxygenase products. The results were supported by negative hybridisation experiments of the total mRNA isolated from adult myocardial cells with a cDNA probe of a red-cell-specific lipoxygenase mRNA. We conclude from these observations that cell injury does not result in expression of lipoxygenase activities in heart myocytes.Abbreviations HETE Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid - DiHETE Dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid - ETYA 5.8.11.14-Eicosatetraynoic acid - TLC Thin-Layer Chromatography - NP-HPLC Normal Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography - RBC Red Blood Cell - LOX Lipoxygenase     

CNTF对严重烫伤海马神经元损伤的保护作用

目的：观察大鼠体表严重伤后海马神经元的病理变化,探讨ＣＮＴＦ对其保护作用。方法：ＳＤ大鼠侧脑室埋管,制成３０％体表面积Ⅲ度烫伤模型,伤后３天,测定脑组织含水量,海马乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）和一氧化氮（ＮＯ）的含量,做病理切片,尼氏染色。结果：大鼠严重烫伤后,脑组织含水量增加,海马出现明显的病理变化,尼氏小体减少或消失,胞体肿胀,ＬＤＨ和Ｎ煌含量增加,给予ＣＮＴＦ后,脑水肿、海马的病理变化有明显改善,并     

纳洛酮对大鼠烫伤休克的影响

36只烫伤大鼠,分为纳洛酮组和盐水对照组。两组动物侧脑室分别注射纳洛酮和生理盐水,观察纳洛酮对烫伤休克的影响。 结果表明:纳洛酮组大鼠的存活率高于盐水对照组。纳洛酮组动物烫伤后2小时存活率为83％,烫伤后4小时存活率为39％;盐水组动物烫伤后2小时存活率为44％,烫伤后4小时存活率为5.6％。纳洛酮组血压下降和心率减慢的进度也较慢,烫伤后180分钟血压才降低到63％,而盐水组在烫伤后90分钟血压已降低到62％。纳洛酮组动物的呼吸和体温变化也较慢。这些结果提示:纳洛酮具有一定的抗烫伤休克的作用。     

枯草芽孢杆菌ES224菌制剂防治烧伤的临床研究

本制品是根据微生态学原理,利用微生物间的拮抗作用,由枯草芽孢杆菌ＢＳ２２４活菌体制成的生物制品,喷涂于创面,达到防治各种致病菌感染的目的。按照国家卫生部申办新药的批件,由北京积水医院等四家单位对本制品进行临床研究。通过对２１６例病人的烧伤创面的细菌学校查,组织活检及主要脏器功能监测,结果表明,本制品对烧伤有良好的抗感染作用,用药后创面细菌培养阳性率显著下降,对铜绿假单胞菌更为有效,未发现本菌导致的侵袭性及脏器转移性感染,无毒副作用。     

Monoclonal antibody that recognizes the carbohydrate portion of cell adhesion molecule L1 influences calcium current in cultured neurons.

A monoclonal antibody (mAb), 2E12, against the neural cell adhesion molecule L1 recognized the 200 kDa component of L1. The epitope of L1 reacting with mAb 2E12 was localized in its carbohydrate chain, judging from the results of experiments on glycopeptidase F treatment. The physiological effect of adding mAbL1 (2E12) to cultured mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons was studied using patch-clamp techniques. The binding of mAbL1 (2E12) to the neurons expressing L1 molecule induced an inward current inhibited by calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine and Lanthanum. It was also found that the mAbL1 (2E12) leads to a rise in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in cultured neurons. This rise seems to be due to an influx of extracellular Ca2+, since treatment with EGTA abolished those phenomena. L-type calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine and cadmium, as well as inward current, blocked the effect of mAbL1 (2E12). These results suggest that the carbohydrate chain of L1 glycoprotein is directly involved in the induction of calcium current, and that the L1 molecule may play a prominent role in regulation of the Ca2+ channel.     

Vagal nerve stimulation protects cardiac injury by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction in a murine burn injury model

Mitochondria play a central role in the integration and execution of a wide variety of apoptotic signals. In the present study, we examined the deleterious effects of burn injury on heart tissue. We explored the effects of vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) on cardiac injury in a murine burn injury model, with a focus on the protective effect of VNS on mitochondrial dysfunction in heart tissue. Mice were subjected to a 30% total body surface area, full‐thickness steam burn followed by right cervical VNS for 10 min. and compared to burn alone. A separate group of mice were treated with the M₃‐muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M₃‐AchR) antagonist 4‐DAMP or phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 prior to burn and VNS. Heart tissue samples were collected at 6 and 24 hrs after injury to measure changes in apoptotic signalling pathways. Burn injury caused significant cardiac pathological changes, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, mitochondrial swelling and decrease in myocardial ATP content at 6 and 24 hrs after injury. These changes were significantly attenuated by VNS. VNS inhibited release of pro‐apoptotic protein cytochrome C and apoptosis‐inducing factor from mitochondria to cytosol by increasing the expression of Bcl‐2, and the phosphorylation level of Bad (pBad¹³⁶) and Akt (pAkt³⁰⁸). These protective changes were blocked by 4‐DAMP or LY294002. We demonstrated that VNS protected against burn injury–induced cardiac injury by attenuating mitochondria dysfunction, likely through the M₃‐AchR and the PI3K/Akt signalling pathways.     

Early evolution of selenium status and oxidative stress parameters in rat models of thermal injury

The objective of the present study was to measure the relationship between selenium status and oxidative stress in two rat models of thermal injury. A non-lethal third-degree burn injury involving 20% (experiment 1) or 40% (experiment 2) of total body surface area (TBSA) was applied to male Wistar rats. Selenium level, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in plasma, red blood cells (RBC) and tissues (liver, kidney, muscle, and brain), and plasma selenoalbumin (Se-alb) were measured in control rats and in burned rats respectively 6 hours after injury and daily from day 1 to day 5. In parallel, lipid and protein oxidative damages, monitored by plasma and tissue thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARs) levels and plasma total thiol groups were assessed.

We observed a decrease of plasma Se and Se-albumin 6 hours after burn injury. In parallel, plasma GPx activity rapidly decreased and remained significantly lower than in control rats. These alterations were enhanced by the burn injury severity. Plasma TBARs followed the same pattern as that of plasma cholesterol, with an initial decrease and an increase at day 3 in 40% TBSA burned rats. Plasma thiol groups decreased in the two experiments indicating plasma protein oxidation.

These results confirm an early oxidative stress in burn injury, and suggest an early selenium mobilization, which might counteract this oxidative stress. These data underline the crucial need of a restored selenium status in burned patients immediately after the burn injury.     

ROLE OF SERUM AND ION CHANNEL BLOCK ON GROWTH AND HORMONALLY‐INDUCED DIFFERENTIATION OF Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf21) INSECT CELLS

A neuronal morphological phenotype can be induced in cultured Spodoptera frugiperda insect cells (Sf21) by supplementing serum‐containing media with 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20‐HE) and/or insulin. In this study, the primary objectives were to determine any role of ion channels in mediating the morphological change in cells treated with 20‐HE and insulin, and whether serum was required to observe this effect. Results showed serum‐free media also induced growth of processes in Sf21 cells, but at a lower percentage than that found previously in cells bathed in serum‐containing media. Veratridine, a sodium channel activator, increased cell survival when applied in combination with 20‐HE to Sf21 cells, and the effect was blocked by tetrodotoxin (1 μM) a known sodium channel blocker. Cobalt, a calcium channel blocker, showed significant inhibition of cell process growth when applied in combination with both 20‐HE and 20‐HE plus veratridine. Cobalt also showed significant inhibition of cell process growth when applied in combination with insulin. Thus, some type of sodium channel, as well as a mechanism for transmembrane calcium ion movement, are apparently expressed in Sf21 cells and are involved in the differentiation process. These cell lines may be used in a wide variety of endeavors, including the screening of insecticides, as well as foster basic studies of neurodevelopment and ecdysone action.