表达重组人骨形态发生蛋白-7工程菌的发酵及表达产物的纯化

目的:研究表达重组人骨形态发生蛋白-7工程菌的发酵和表达产物的纯化工艺。方法:利用16L发酵罐发酵培养工程菌,设定了溶氧、搅拌速度、诱导时机、补料和培养基pH值等发酵条件;通过包涵体洗涤、离子交换层析法纯化目的蛋白。结果:工程菌目的蛋白质表达量占菌体总蛋白质的30%以上,纯化后目的蛋白的纯度可达98%。结论:建立了大肠杆菌高效表达人骨形态发生蛋白-7的发酵及纯化工艺。     

结核分枝杆菌Rv3369基因的表达和纯化

在大肠杆菌中高效表达结核分枝杆菌Rv3369蛋白,获得纯化的重组蛋白rRv3369。通过聚合酶链反应(Polymerase chain reaction,PCR)扩增Rv3369基因;以质粒pET28a为表达载体,构建重组质粒,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3);以异丙基硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达目的蛋白,通过SDS-PAGE鉴定rRv3369在大肠杆菌中的表达,确定rRv3369在大肠杆菌中的表达形式;采用Ni-NTA His.Bind Resin来纯化重组蛋白。重组质粒pET28a-Rv3369中目的基因测序结果与报道序列相同。分子量约19.5kDa,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的18%,纯化后的重组蛋白样品经SDS-PAGE和激光密度扫描分析表明其纯度为90%以上,每100mL培养菌可获得1.56mg左右的重组蛋白。用亲和层析法纯化的重组蛋白纯度较好。     

重组人磷脂爬行酶1的原核表达及纯化

目的:建立重组人磷脂爬行酶1(hPLSCR1)原核表达及纯化工艺。方法:PCR扩增hPLSCR1编码基因并连接到原核表达载体pET-28a,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)并进行诱导表达,Western印迹鉴定所表达蛋白;优化表达条件后,Ni2+柱亲和层析纯化重组蛋白。结果:构建了pET-28a-PLSCR1重组质粒,诱导表达后,经SDS-PAGE分析目的蛋白的表达量达32%,Ni2+金属螯合法纯化目的蛋白后纯度达到95%以上,Western印迹验证了融合蛋白的特异性。结论:建立了高效稳定的His-PLSCR1表达体系,获得大规模生产His-PLSCR1的分离纯化工艺,为进一步研究其蛋白功能奠定了基础。     

幽门螺杆菌HP0762蛋白的原核表达纯化及多克隆抗体制备

目的:表达和纯化幽门螺杆菌HP0762蛋白,并制备该蛋白的多克隆抗体。方法:从幽门螺杆菌SS1中经PCR扩增得到了hp0762基因,将其克隆至含有6×His编码序列的原核表达载体pET-28a(+)中,再将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),在IPTG诱导下进行蛋白表达;用HiTrap Chelating HP亲和柱纯化重组蛋白,Western印迹进一步鉴定;以纯化后的蛋白为抗原免疫新西兰大耳白兔,制备该蛋白的多克隆抗体;用ELISA和Western印迹检测抗血清。结果:目的蛋白在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中获得了可溶性表达,纯化后纯度可达90%以上;制备了针对HP0762重组蛋白的抗血清,抗体ELISA效价为1:256000,Western印迹分析表明该抗体能特异性识别内源性HP0762。结论:完成了HP0762蛋白的原核高效表达与纯化,并制备了其高效价的多克隆抗体,为进一步对其进行疫苗研制与基因功能研究奠定了基础。     

重组干扰素-τ在大肠杆菌中的表达与纯化

目的:探讨干扰素(IFN)-τ在大肠杆菌中的表达及纯化。方法:含有IFN-τ基因的pBV220表达质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21,于42℃温控诱导重组菌表达IFN-τ。经过包涵体溶解、DEAE离子交换层析、硫酸铵沉淀及梯度透析,使重组IFN-τ获得纯化和复性。结果:诱导后的表达产物经SDS-PAGE分析,有相对分子质量约21000的条带。纯化复性后目的蛋白纯度可达90%。结论:工程菌可稳定高效地表达IFN-τ。硫酸铵沉淀结合阴离子交换是一种简便高效的纯化方法,可获得较高纯度的IFN-τ。     

PSCA-HSP70融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中的表达与纯化

旨在大肠杆菌中表达PSCA-HSPT0融合蛋白,并对其进行纯化.克隆人PSCA基因及HSP70基因,构建表达PSCA-HSP融合蛋白的工程菌,优化表达及纯化条件,对重组蛋白进行纯化.结果表明,成功构建重组表达质粒PSCA-HSP,重组蛋白得到可溶性表达,优化纯化条件后获得90%以上纯度的重组蛋白.本研究成功实现了PSCA与HSP的融合表达,为下一步肿瘤疫苗的研制奠定基础.     

人Hsp90α基因克隆、中试发酵及生物信息学分析

目的:克隆获得人热休克蛋白90α(Hsp90α)基因,构建其原核表达载体,分离纯化重组蛋白,为Hsp90抑制剂的体外筛选奠定基础.方法:TRIzol Reagent法提取K562细胞总RNA,通过RT-PCR获得Hsp90α-cDNA.以该cDNA为模板PCR扩增Hsp90α基因,目的基因和质粒pET28a(+)经Nco Ⅰ和Xho Ⅰ双酶切后,连接酶切片段,将重组DNA转化DH5α,酶切及测序鉴定重组体.将构建好的重组质粒转化Rosetta(DE3)菌株,IPTG诱导,经条件优化后进行中试发酵、纯化以及Western blot鉴定.结果:原核表达载体pET28a(+)-Hsp90α成功构建,可在Rosetta(DE3)中正确表达,中试发酵收菌574g且表达产物以可溶性形式存在,纯化产物纯度为97%.结论:利用分子克隆技术建立了Hsp90α基因的原核表达和中试发酵的条件,为更深入地研究其在抗肿瘤治疗中的作用打下基础.     

高纯度白介素-3与假单胞菌外毒素融合蛋白的表达、纯化及质谱鉴定

旨在利用简单的表达纯化工艺,获得纯度较高、有活性的重组免疫毒素IL3-PE38KDEL并对其物理学及免疫学性质进行鉴定。利用PQE30-IL3-PE38KDEL/SG12009工程菌表达重组免疫毒素IL3-PE38KDEL,在提取包涵体后经一步强阳离子柱层析得到纯度较高的免疫毒素复性纯化产物,用Westenblotting、质谱、氨基测序等先进技术对产物鉴定。结果显示,发酵后目的蛋白表达量占总菌体的17.56%,经强阳离子柱层析纯化复性后的目的蛋白纯度达到90%以上,Western blotting、质谱、氨基测序结果均表明,纯化产物分子量为54.9kD且具有相应的免疫学活性,序列与预期序列完全一致。纯化复性方法对重组免疫毒素IL3-PE38KDEL的生物性质及纯度有较大影响,因此选择一种适当的纯化复性方法至关重要。     

重组人基质金属蛋白酶12的原核表达与纯化

目的:利用原核系统表达重组对人基质金属蛋白酶12(MMP-12)并纯化,获得高纯度的人MMP-12蛋白。方法:在MMP-12氨基酸序列的N端加入His标签和肠激酶位点序列,构建MMP-12融合蛋白的原核表达载体,通过表达和亲和纯化获得MMP-12融合蛋白,以肠激酶对融合蛋白进行酶切和二次纯化,获得高纯度的人MMP-12。结果:构建了pET-MMP-12表达载体,并在大肠杆菌中实现了稳定高效表达。重组融合蛋白MMP-12经亲和层析纯化后,相对分子质量为42×10~3,纯度约95%。利用肠激酶对融合蛋白MMP-12进行酶切,酶切效率接近100%,通过二次纯化获得了MMP-12,相对分子质量为40.8×10~3,纯度大于95%。结论:利用原核表达系统高效表达了MMP-12融合蛋白,通过亲和纯化和肠激酶酶切的方法可以获得高纯度的MMP-12,为后续抗体制备和配基筛选奠定了基础。     

重组蛋白ES-Kringle5的表达、纯化及活性检测

目的：利用基因工程方法原核表达重组融合蛋白ES-Kringle5并进行纯化及活性检测。方法：ES-Kringle5是将内皮抑素N端的前27个氨基酸与Kringle5通过连接肽相连的重组融合蛋白,合成该重组蛋白的基因片段并插入载体pMD18-T中,然后克隆至大肠杆菌表达载体pET25b中并转化E.coli BL21（DE3）。乳糖诱导表达后经Ni-NTA亲和层析纯化后获得目的蛋白。通过抑制HUVEC细胞增殖实验检测其生物学活性。结果：重组质粒构建正确。利用乳糖诱导表达并降低诱导温度能增加目的蛋白的产量及可溶性表达。纯化后的重组蛋白纯度大于95%。生物学活性证明该重组蛋白具有抑制HUVEC的增殖能力。结论：具有生物学活性的重组蛋白ES-Kringle5可在大肠杆菌中高效表达,为研究其体内药效、药代及安全性评价奠定了基础。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.     

Composition and diversity of bird communities in Swedish farmland–forest mosaic landscapes

CapsuleThe amount of forest (at local and landscape scales) and occurrence of residual habitats at the local scale are shown to be the major factors influencing bird community composition in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Aims To investigate the importance of local habitat and landscape structure for breeding birds in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Methods Breeding birds were censused at 292 points. A detailed habitat mapping was made within 300 m of the points. Within a 300–600 m radius only two major habitats (forests and arable fields) were identified.

Results Cluster analyses of bird communities identified three site types that also differed in habitat composition: (i) partially forested sites in forested landscapes; (ii) heterogeneous sites with residual habitats in mosaic landscapes; and (iii) field-dominated farmland sites in open landscapes. A total of 19 of 25 farmland bird species (restricted to farmland or using both farmland and forest) had the highest abundance in farmland sites with mosaics of forest and farmland, while only six farmland species had the highest abundance in field-dominated sites. The bird community changed from being dominated by farmland species to being dominated by forest species (common in forest landscapes without farmland) at small proportions (10–20%) of forest at the local scale. A major difference in habitat composition between heterogeneous and field-dominated sites was the occurrence of different residual habitats (e.g. shrubby areas and seminatural grasslands). These habitats seemed to influence bird community composition more than land-use, despite covering <10% of the area. Seminatural grasslands were important for bird community composition and species-richness, but grazing seemed to be less important. Among different land-use types, cereal crops were the least preferred fields. Set-asides with tall vegetation and short rotation coppices were positively associated with species-richness of farmland birds.

Conclusion In general, the composition of the landscape was important for bird community composition, although amount and distribution of forests, occurrence of residual habitats and land-use of fields at the local scale had the strongest influence on bird community composition. The possible implications of these patterns for managing farmland–forest landscapes are discussed.     

Chemical constituents from the fruits of Rhus typhina L. and their chemotaxonomic significance

This work describes the isolation and characterization of twenty-nine compounds from the fruits of Rhus typhina L., including eleven flavonoids (1–11), eleven phenols (12–22), two pentacyclic triterpenes (23–24), two organic acids (25–26), one lumichrome (27), one courmarin (28) and one pyrimidine (29) on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Compounds apigenin (1), daidzein (4), orobol (5), 3′, 5, 5′, 7-tetrahydroxyflavanone (6), naringenin (7), butein (8), (-)-catechin (9), quercetin-3-O-α-L-(3″-O-galloyl)-rhamnoside (11), 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (13), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (14), vanillin (15), methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (16), 3,5-dihydroxybenzamide (18), tyrosol (19), caffeic acid (20), 3-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan-1-one (21), phlorizin (22), friedelin (23), oleanolic acid (24), 4,4-dimethyl-heptanedioic acid (25), anthranilic acid (26), lumichrome (27), scoparone (28) and uracil (29) have not been recorded before in this plant. This is the first report on the occurrence of compounds 4–7, 9, 11, 13–14, 16, 18–21, 25–29 from the genus Rhus. Moreover, the chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds was also summarized.