性类固醇激素受体ER、AR和PR在牛蛙胃肠胰的定位

本文用免疫组织化学技术检测及光密度定量分析,研究4种性类固醇激素受体在牛蛙(Rana catesbeiana)胃肠胰内的定位及表达的强弱,探讨4种性类固醇激素在牛蛙胃肠胰中的功能。染色结果显示,4种性类固醇激素受体在牛蛙胃肠胰内都有分布,雌雄之间分布差异较小。雌激素受体α(ERα)主要分布在牛蛙胃腺、直肠固有层和胰腺中;雌激素受体β(ERβ)主要分布在食道上皮、直肠固有层和胰腺中;雄激素受体(AR)主要分布在食道上皮、直肠固有层和胰腺中;孕激素受体(PR)主要分布在空肠、食道上皮和胰腺中。光密度检测结果显示,雌激素受体α(ERα)在牛蛙胃和直肠中阳性反应最强,在胰腺中相对较弱。雌激素受体β(ERβ)在牛蛙直肠中阳性反应最强,胰腺和食道次之。雄激素受体(AR)在食道中阳性反应相对较强,其他部位都较弱。孕激素受体(PR)在空肠中的阳性反应较强,其他部位都较弱。雌激素受体α(ERα)在胃中以及雄激素受体(AR)在食道和直肠中的免疫阳性反应均是雌性牛蛙强于雄性牛蛙,雌激素受体β(ERβ)在胰腺中的免疫阳性反应是雄性牛蛙强于雌性牛蛙。4种性类固醇激素受体中,雌激素受体α(ERα)和雌激素受体β(ERβ)在牛蛙胃肠胰中的分布最多,雄激素受体(AR)、孕激素受体(PR)的分布相对较少。性类固醇激素受体主要分布在食道、胃、直肠和胰腺中,其中,分布最多的部位是胃和直肠。4种性类固醇激素受体在牛蛙胃肠胰内的分布表明,性类固醇激素对牛蛙消化功能特别是胃和直肠的功能具有多方面的调节作用。     

雌激素受体β在乳腺癌生长中的作用研究进展

雌激素受体 β(ERβ) 是雌激素受体的另一亚型。众多体内外实验证明,ERβ 与乳腺癌的生长有密切联系。ERβ 低表达会促进乳腺 癌增殖,介导转移,还能抑制乳腺癌细胞的凋亡。临床数据证明,ERβ 在乳腺癌患者的癌旁组织中表达高于癌组织,且与乳腺癌患者的 总生存率相关。ERβ 与雌激素受体 α(ERα)、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、孕激素受体(PR)均有密切联系:ERα 和 ERβ mRNA 平 均表达水平比值(ERβ/ERα)升高,对抗癌药物有拮抗作用,反之则有协同作用;ERβ 的表达量受 PR 调节,并能通过 EGFR 及下游信 号通路,抑制上皮-间充质转化。临床乳腺癌样本表明,ERβ 低表达可能与启动子甲基化有关。因此,采用药物调节 ERβ 的表达以及敏感性, 是具有很大临床价值的潜在治疗手段。综述 ERβ 以及 ERβ 与相关受体之间的联系在乳腺癌生长中的作用。     

大蒜素对小鼠脾细胞雌激素和雄激素受体影响的实验研究

本研究旨在探讨大蒜素对小鼠脾细胞雌激素和雄激素受体的影响。将健康ICR清洁小鼠,按性别随机分成三组实验组和三组对照组。实验组分别连续灌服大蒜素14、21和28 d,对照组同期分别灌服等量生理盐水。采用RT-PCR法检测雌性各组小鼠脾细胞雌激素受体(ERα和ERβ)的mRNA表达水平和雄性各组小鼠脾细胞雄激素受体(AR)的mRNA水平。实验结果显示,雌性小鼠连续灌服大蒜素第14和21 d时实验组ERαmRNA表达水平明显高于对照组(P0.05),第14 d时ERβmRNA表达水平明显高于对照组(P0.05)。雄性小鼠连续灌服大蒜素第14、21和28 d时实验组AR mRNA表达水平均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。综上提示大蒜素可增强小鼠脾细胞雌激素受体(ERα和ERβ)和雄激素受体(AR)mRNA的表达水平。     

雌激素受体在白蚁卵发生过程中的免疫细胞化学定位(简报)

雌激素受体(Estrogen receptor,ER)是一种与性腺发育和精、卵成熟有直接重要关系的性激素受体,不仅在哺乳动物中已经证实与卵子的发生有关系,近年来还发现雌激素受体也存在于雌性文昌鱼早期卵原细胞、卵黄生成期卵母细胞和成熟期卵母细胞中;Osada等在扇贝的卵巢中发现有ER免疫阳性物质存在于卵黄形成期的卵母细胞中,认为ER是基本的类固醇激素受体,有着     

子宫肌瘤患者VEGF、ER及PR的表达及相关性

目的:研究血管内皮生长因(VEGF)、雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)在子宫肌瘤组织中的表达及其相关性,探计三者在子宫肌瘤发生发展中的作用.方法:采用免疫组化sP法检测40例肌瘤组织及其附近正常平滑肌组织中VEGF、ER及PR的表达水平.同时采用Western-blot法检测其中VEGF的含量,结果:①经免疫组化检测,VEGF、ER及PR在子宫肌瘤组织中表达阳性率均高于相应的瘤旁组织,差异具有显著性(P＜0.05).②VEGF的表达与ER及PR成正相关.③经Western-blot检测,VEGF蛋白含量在子宫肌瘤组织中显著高于相应的瘤旁组织,差异具有显著性(P＜0.05).结论:雌孕激素及VEGF均参与了子宫肌瘤的发生发展.三者之间可能具有协同作用.     

Mir-26a调控子宫肌瘤中孕激素受体a(PRa)、雌激素受体α(ERα)的表达

目的:雌激素和孕激素在子宫肌瘤发病中起重要作用。但miRNA在子宫肌瘤发病中的作用还知之甚少,我们前期已证实mir-26a在子宫肌瘤中低表达,本实验进一步探讨mir-26a在体外对子宫肌瘤中孕激素受体a(PRa)、雌激素受体α(ERα)表达的调控。方法:利用TargetScan软件预测mir-26a的潜在靶基因,找出靶基因3'UTR区片段,插入PmirGLO绿色荧光蛋白编码区下游,构建报告基因载体,同时原代培养子宫肌瘤平滑肌细胞。将报告基因载体与mir-26a共转染入原代培养的子宫肌瘤平滑肌细胞,引入双荧光素酶报告基因系统对mir-26a的靶基因进行验证。转染mir-26amimics于子宫肌瘤平滑肌细胞,westernblotting检测子宫肌瘤平滑肌细胞中mir-26a靶蛋白表达水平。结果:用TargetScan软件和双荧光素酶报告基因系统证实ERα、PRa为mir-26a的靶基因。蛋白水平进一步验证,mir-26amimics的转染量不同,ERα、PRa的蛋白表达水平下调不同。结论:Mir-26a通过结合靶基因的3'-UTR区调控靶基因的mRNA水平。Mir-26a抑制雌激素受体α(ERα)、孕激素受体a(PRa)在子宫肌瘤中的表达。Mir-26a可能通过调控雌激素受体α(ERα)、孕激素受体a(PRa)影响子宫肌瘤的发展。本实验通过确定mir-26a对子宫肌瘤的作用机制,有望进一步提高子宫肌瘤的治疗技术,减少手术治疗的创伤。     

GPER在女性生殖系统疾病中的研究进展

G蛋白偶联雌激素受体(G protein-coupled estrogen receptor, GPER)是一种与经典雌激素受体(estrogenreceptor,ER)不同的新型雌激素受体,越来越多的证据表明GPER与某些女性生殖系统的疾病密切相关,可能成为疾病治疗的新靶点。本文介绍了GPER在细胞中的定位及其在生殖系统不同部位的表达、GPER的特异性配体,总结了其作用的可能信号通路,并就GPER在生殖生理及病理、妇科肿瘤、绝经后相关疾病、子宫内膜异位性疾病中的作用机制进行了详细的阐述,以期进一步理解GPER在女性生殖系统疾病防治中的作用。     

Ki-67在基底细胞样型乳腺癌中的诊断价值

目的分析细胞增殖抗原Ki-67与雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)、孕激素受体(progesterone receptor,PR)和人表皮生长因子受体(human epidermal growth factorreceptor-2,HER-2)在乳腺癌表达的相关性,探讨Ki-67在基底细胞样型乳腺癌和非基底细胞样型乳腺癌的表达与临床病理特征的关系。方法选取65例女性浸润性乳腺癌标本,其中包括27例基底细胞样型乳腺癌,38例非基底细胞样型乳腺癌及癌旁组织标本,采用免疫组织化学技术检测Ki-67、ER、PR、HER2在乳腺癌的表达。结果 65例乳腺癌中,Ki-67表达与ER、PR呈负相关,与HER2无相关性。在基底细胞样型乳腺癌组织中,Ki-67在细胞核强阳性表达。基底细胞样型乳腺癌与非基底细胞样型乳腺癌比较,Ki-67表达与组织学分级相关,组织学分级越高,Ki-67表达越强。结论 Ki-67可能参与基底细胞样型乳腺癌的发生发展,对预后评价有重要的参考价值。     

乳腺癌乏氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)与雌激素受体表达的关系

目的探讨乳腺癌乏氧诱导因子-1α(hypoxia induci blefactor-1α,HIF-1α)与雌激素受体(ER)表达的关系。方法利用免疫组织化学方法在42例乳腺癌组织中进行HIF-1α染色,并与ER表达情况及其他临床病理资料进行相关性分析。结果乳腺癌组织中HIF-1α阳性表达率为54.76%,ER表达阳性率为66.67%(28/42)。ER表达率在HIF-1α阳性者中为56.52%,HIF-1α阴性者中为78.95%,P=0.125。而在细胞水平上,ER在HIF-1α阳性者和阴性者中的表达量积分,分别为2.96±1.97、5.11±2.58,t=3.06(P=0.004),Spearman等级分析,r=-0.49(P=0.003)。另外,HIF-1α表达除常见于绝经后患者外,与肿瘤大小、病理类型、孕激素受体、腋窝淋巴结转移、Ki67、C-erbB-2表达均无显著相关。结论乳腺癌组织中HIF-1α表达可能参与了ER表达下调的机制。     

女性退行性腰椎滑脱椎体软骨终板内雌激素受体的表达及其意义

探讨雌激素受体(ER)在绝经后女性退变性腰椎滑脱软骨终板内的表达及其意义。方法:用RT-PCR方法检测绝经后女性退变性腰椎滑脱(DS)患者的与女性腰椎管狭窄患者(SS)患者的软骨终板内雌激素受体mRNA的表达;Western blot方法检测绝经后女性退变性腰椎滑脱(DS)患者的与女性腰椎管狭窄患者(SS)患者的软骨终板内雌激素受体蛋白质的表达;用免疫组织化学法(Envision法)检测绝经后女性退变性腰椎滑脱(DS)患者的与女性腰椎管狭窄患者(SS)患者的软骨终板内雌激素受体的分布和表达;分析雌激素、雌激素受体和退变性腰椎滑脱之间的关系。结果:软骨终板中雌激素受体mRNA的表达量在绝经后女性退变性腰椎滑脱患者中较女性腰椎管狭窄患者(SS)明显下调(P＜0．05);绝经后女性退变性腰椎滑脱患者的软骨终板中雌激素受体蛋白质的表达量较女性腰椎管狭窄患者(SS)明显下调(P＜0．05);免疫组织化学结果显示雌激素受体在绝经后女性退变性腰椎滑脱(DS)的软骨终板中仅少量表达,在绝经后女性腰椎管狭窄患者(SS)的软骨终板中表达量较强。结论:绝经后女性退行性腰椎滑脱患者软骨终板中雌激素受体表达量较绝经后女性腰椎管狭窄患者显著下调,可能是引起绝经后女性退行性腰椎不稳高发的原因之一。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.