乌桕梓油和桕脂的脂肪酸组成研究

运用色谱-质谱分析方法,鉴定乌桕梓油和桕脂的脂肪酸成分.分析结果,野生乌桕和栽培乌桕在脂肪酸组成上相同;梓油除了含常见的亚麻酸、亚油酸、油酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸之外,还含有不常见的2,4-癸二烯酸和8-羟基-5,6-辛二烯酸;桕脂含棕榈酸、油酸、硬脂酸和亚油酸.两者的主要差异在于蜡质层厚度和核的大小及其油脂含量的不同.     

乌桕梓油和桕脂的脂肪酸组成研究

运用色谱-质谱分析方法,鉴定乌桕梓油和桕脂的脂肪酸成分.分析结果,野生乌桕和栽培乌桕在脂肪酸组成上相同;梓油除了含常见的亚麻酸、亚油酸、油酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸之外,还含有不常见的2,4-癸二烯酸和8-羟基-5,6-辛二烯酸;桕脂含棕榈酸、油酸、硬脂酸和亚油酸.两者的主要差异在于蜡质层厚度和核的大小及其油脂含量的不同.     

不同品种亚麻籽粒中主要脂肪酸含量的变化

不同亚麻品种‘陇亚7号’、‘82（50）’、‘匈牙利3号’和‘范昵’籽粒中亚麻酸含量最高,其次是油酸、亚油酸和硬脂酸,棕榈酸含量最低。棕榈酸和亚油酸在籽粒发育成熟的初期增长速度较快,含量较高,但随着籽粒逐渐发育成熟而下降,硬脂酸也如此,后者下降幅度较小。油酸和亚麻酸含量随着籽粒发育成熟进程而渐增,油酸含量增加幅度较小。不同品种的籽粒完全成熟时,棕榈酸、硬脂酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸含量有异,同一基因型的亚麻籽粒完全成熟时,开花晚的油酸含量较低,而亚麻酸含量较高。     

脂氧合酶与猕猴桃果实后熟软化的关系

２０ ℃下贮藏果实的脂氧合酶（ＬＯＸ） 活性随着后熟进程持续上升,其活性与果实硬度的变化呈极显著负相关,油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸等不饱和脂肪酸的组分比例变化较大,而棕榈酸和硬脂酸等饱和脂肪酸的组分比例变化很小;０ ℃贮藏果实中的ＬＯＸ 活性被强烈抑制,果实后熟软化进程被明显延缓,５ 种脂肪酸组分比例变化均较平稳;外源乙烯处理显著促进了ＬＯＸ 活性的增加,加速了果实后熟软化进程。     

不同种源山桐子果实脂肪酸组成变异分析

以采自11个种源的山桐子为材料,测定其果实脂肪酸的组成及其变异情况,结果表明：山桐子果实中不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,尤以亚油酸含量最高,11个种源的平均值为63．58％,且种源间差异显著,分宜、宜昌种源亚油酸相对含量明显高于其他9个种源;饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸为主,11个种源山桐子果实棕榈酸差异显著,且以平武种源最高;其余脂肪酸含量均较低,变异幅度较大;种子中棕榈酸和棕榈烯酸含量明显高于果肉,而亚油酸、亚麻酸及硬脂酸含量明显低于果肉,油酸含量相近：果实不饱和脂肪酸含量依次为果肉〉全果〉种子,且变异系数及相对极差均较小,尤以果肉中最小;除硬脂酸外,山桐子果实中其他4种主要脂肪酸组分受海拔等地理环境的影响均较小。     

不同含水量大葱种子贮藏后的脂肪代谢研究

将大葱种子干燥成1．8％-10．5％的不同含水量后。在50℃、35℃、20℃和-18℃条件下密闭贮存16个月。通过对棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸含量的研究,结果表明,随着贮存温度的升高,种子中棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸含量不断升高,但在20℃和-18℃的差异不明显。在50℃下含水量为1．8％～6．6％的种子。5种脂肪酸含量明显大于含水量为7．4％-10.5％的种子。     

脂肪酸对红火蚁搬尸行为的影响

【目的】工蚁死亡后易受病原菌的侵染,进而危害蚁巢的健康。为了避免病菌横向传播,活工蚁根据尸体体内特定的化学物质的变化来识别尸体并将其搬运到弃尸堆。本实验旨在研究6种脂肪酸(油酸、亚油酸、棕榈油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸和肉豆蔻酸)对红火蚁Solenopsis invicta工蚁搬尸行为的影响,明确不同脂肪酸在其搬尸行为中发挥的作用。【方法】本实验利用GC-MS分析了工蚁活体和尸体提取物的脂肪酸成分,并在室内用滤纸片法测定了红火蚁对6种脂肪酸(10 μg/μL)、不同浓度(0.75和3 μg/μL)的单组分油酸或亚油酸以及不同浓度(0.01, 0.1, 1和10 μg/μL)的这两种酸的混合液的反应。【结果】结果表明,红火蚁尸体仅含有亚油酸和油酸两种脂肪酸;另外4种脂肪酸(棕榈油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸和肉豆蔻酸)对红火蚁的搬尸行为无显著影响;单组分的油酸和亚油酸均能促进红火蚁的搬尸行为,浓度越高,搬尸行为越显著。10 μg/μL的油酸和亚油酸混合液对工蚁的搬尸行为也具有显著的促进效果,低浓度的混合液对其无明显的促进作用(P>0.05)。【结论】结果提示油酸和亚油酸可调控红火蚁的搬尸行为,其他脂肪酸对红火蚁搬尸行为不产生影响。     

华南主要野生蔬菜的脂肪酸成分分析

本实验以华南主要野生蔬菜守宫木、土人参、一点红、白仔菜、紫背菜、鳄嘴花、藤三七、塘葛菜为材料,并以华南特产蔬菜菜心为对照,对8种野生蔬菜的脂肪酸成分进行了分析.结果表明:8种野菜共检出十四酸、软脂酸、棕榈油酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、二十二酸和二十四酸共9种脂肪酸,但不同野菜之间的脂肪酸组成与含量差异极大.8种野菜的饱和脂肪酸的总量都高于菜心,饱和脂肪酸种类最多的是藤三七,含4种.不饱和脂肪酸的变化与饱和脂肪酸相反,8种野菜都低于菜心,但其油酸、亚油酸远高过菜心.菜心富含亚麻酸,但不含亚油酸.可见8种野菜油营养价值较高.     

甘肃胡麻地方种质资源品质特性研究

对甘肃省116份胡麻地方品种的重要品质指标———粗脂肪、硬脂酸、棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸含量和碘值进行测定,并根据这些品质指标对供试品种进行聚类分析。结果显示:(1)供试品种粗脂肪含量平均值为37.48%,变异系数3.8%;硬脂酸、油酸含量平均值分别为5.32%和29.05%,变异系数分别为19.5%和11.6%;棕榈酸、亚麻酸、亚油酸含量平均值分别为5.9%、48.76%、10.95%,变异系数分别为8.4%、8%、8%;平均碘价175.60,变异系数2.76%;(2)聚类分析结果显示,116个品种聚为7大类,其中:b亚组群硬脂酸和油酸含量最高,而亚麻酸含量最低;d亚组群品种亚麻酸含量最高;e亚组群粗脂肪含量和碘价最高,油酸含量最低;f亚组群硬脂酸含量最低;g亚组群棕榈酸含量最高,碘价最低。     

利用高代回交导入群体定位大豆品质性状QTL

通过对大豆品质性状的QTL定位,可以为大豆分子育种提供理论依据。本研究以中黄13(轮回亲本)×东山69(供体亲本)的142个家系的高代回交导入系群体BC2F7,利用具有多态性的113对SSR引物构建了一张涵盖除B2之外的19个大豆连锁群、总长度为1630.95 cM、平均遗传距离为14.43 cM的遗传连锁图谱。利用近红外光谱分析法(NIR)、气相色谱技术(GC)分析群体蛋白质、脂肪及5种脂肪酸主要组分含量;采用ICIM-ADD作图法定位QTL。两年共定位到34个QTL,其中与蛋白质、脂肪、硬脂酸、棕榈酸、亚油酸、油酸和亚麻酸相关的QTL分别为5、2、11、6、3、4、3个,Sat_003～Sat_147两年均被检测出与油酸含量呈负相关,5个区间与2个性状含量相关,Satt523～Sat_405与棕榈酸、蛋白质相关,Staga001～Satt658、Satt263～Satt651与油酸、硬脂酸相关,Satt228～Satt525与亚油酸、蛋白质相关,Satt658～Satt433与亚麻酸、硬脂酸相关;总体而言,定位结果在一定程度上阐明了品质性状的相关性,对大豆分子育种中优良品种的选育具有参考意义。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.