古尼虫草胞内多糖高产培养基优化研究

以古尼虫草Cordyceps gunnii胞内多糖产量为目标,利用单因素法筛选古尼虫草产胞内多糖的最适碳源、氮源和无机盐,运用正交试验筛选最佳培养基组合,用最佳培养基研究古尼虫草产胞内多糖的发酵动力学。结果表明：古尼虫草产胞内多糖最佳培养基为葡萄糖35g/L、蛋白胨15g/L、硫酸锌1g/L、KH₂PO₄ 1g/L、K₂HPO₄ 0.5g/L,用最佳培养基获得胞内多糖（5.169±0.274）g/L,产量是优化前的1.81倍;动力学研究表明,144h是古尼虫草胞内多糖最佳培养时间,此时产量最高为（6.794±0.221）g/L,是目前报道古尼虫草胞内多糖的最高产量。     

利用扁桃斑鸠菊叶发酵高产粗毛纤孔菌胞外多糖的条件优化及其抗氧化活性研究

粗毛纤孔菌胞外多糖是粗毛纤孔菌液体发酵的重要活性代谢产物,但采用常规的发酵方法,粗毛纤孔菌胞外多糖的产量较低。为更好地获取粗毛纤孔菌胞外多糖,本文采用双向液体发酵的方法,通过向发酵培养基中添加适量的扁桃斑鸠菊叶粉末,来提高粗毛纤孔菌胞外多糖的产量,并对优化得到的胞外多糖抗氧化活性进行了研究。以发酵液中胞外多糖含量为指标,采用单因素实验和正交实验优化发酵条件;采用红外光谱对胞外多糖的结构特征进行分析;通过测定胞外多糖对ABTS、DPPH和羟基自由基的清除率来了解其抗氧化活性。结果表明,最优发酵条件为:扁桃斑鸠菊叶粉末添加量0.5g/L、发酵时间10d、pH 6.5、接种量5.0mL,在此条件下,粗毛纤孔菌胞外多糖的产量达到(2.34±0.25)mg/mL,与未添加扁桃斑鸠菊叶的空白组相比,其胞外多糖产量提高了约216.22%;红外分析与抗氧化活性实验结果表明,添加扁桃斑鸠菊叶后的胞外多糖与未添加扁桃斑鸠菊叶的胞外多糖红外主要吸收峰一致,并且对ABTS、DPPH以及羟基自由基清除能力相近。本研究结果表明扁桃斑鸠菊叶能够有效地提高粗毛纤孔菌胞外多糖的产量,为其他珍稀食药用菌胞外多糖的高效生产提供了新思路。     

盘针孢菌发酵及其胞外多糖抗氧化活性

[目的]研究盘针孢菌的发酵条件及其胞外多糖(EPS)抗氧化活性.[方法]分别研究碳源、氮源、生长因子、pH值和培养时间等条件对盘针孢菌多糖产量的影响作用,并通过测定其多糖的还原能力及对羟自由基(·OH)和1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼(DPPH)自由基的清除作用研究该多糖的抗氧化活性.[结果]盘针孢菌多糖发酵的最佳条件为20%的马铃薯浸汁,20g/L麦芽糖,5 g/L(NH4)2SO4,0.01 g/L L-胱氨酸,pH 5.0,25℃下培养10 d.在此条件下,多糖产量达到37.52 mg/L,与在基础发酵培养基条件下相比,其多糖产量提高了84.10%.盘针孢菌多糖对·OH和DPPH自由基均有较好的清除作用,在多糖浓度为50 mg/L时,对·OH的清除率达到50.81%;多糖浓度为20 mg/L时,对DPPH自由基的清除率达到14.21%.[结论]发酵条件对盘针孢菌多糖代谢具有重要的调控作用,且该多糖具有明显的抗氧化活性.     

敦煌地区产胞外多糖菌株的筛选鉴定及其发酵条件研究

盐碱土壤是一类典型的极端环境,极端环境下微生物产生的胞外多糖具有更加优良的性质。从敦煌地区盐碱土壤中分离出一株胞外多糖产量较高的菌株并确定其分类学地位和最佳培养基。多糖含量测定采用苯酚硫酸法,菌株鉴定结合生理生化特征、形态学特征和16S rDNA分子生物学鉴定方法,最佳培养基采用单因子优化培养基实验和正交实验。菌株Ⅱ4-01为地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis),其在25 g/L蔗糖、25 g/L黄豆粉、0.5 g/L MgSO_4、2 g/L Na_2HPO_4·12H_2O、1 g/L NaH_2PO_4·2H_2O、pH=7.5的发酵培养基中培养36 h时,胞外多糖产量可达8.594 g/L。菌株Ⅱ4-01发酵培养基经优化后胞外多糖产量提高了10倍。     

忍冬木层孔菌液体培养过程中多酚含量及抗氧化活性研究

忍冬木层孔菌是木层孔菌属的一种药用真菌,目前对它的研究少有报道。以液体培养为基础,研究忍冬木层孔菌培养过程中生物量、胞内外多酚含量的变化,以及胞内外提取物抗氧化活性的变化。结果显示,菌丝体生物量在培养168–216h时达到最大值（8.33g/L）;胞内多酚和胞外多酚含量分别在216h和168h时达到最大值（15.60mg GAE/g和106.76mg GAE/L）;液体培养胞内外提取物的抗氧化活性与多酚含量正相关,多酚含量高时提取物对DPPH[1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl]自由基的抑制率也高。     

黑曲霉生产β-葡萄糖苷酶发酵条件的研究产

经多项式回归分析,研究了不同浓度N源、C源、无机盐等对酶产量的影响,确定出最佳培养基配方为:麸皮4.9%,(NH₄)_2>SO₄0.4%,KH₂PO₄0.29%,CaCl₂0.05%,MgSO₄·7H₂O0.04%,FeSO₄·7H₂O 5mg·L^-1,ZnCl₂1.4mg·L^-1,0.2%油酸钠。并对培养温度、时间、培养基初始pH、通气量、接种量、接种方式等培养条件进行优化,使黑曲霉生产β葡萄糖苷酶的产量由17U·ml^-1增至21.3U·ml^-1.     

漏斗多孔菌液体菌种培养基及其栽培条件

为实现漏斗多孔菌资源化利用,设计单因素试验,以菌丝生物量、菌球密度和菌球直径为指标,获得漏斗多孔菌Polyporus arcularius液体菌种培养基配方为马铃薯（去皮）200g、玉米粉20.0g、蛋白胨5.0g、KH₂PO₄ 3.0g、K₂HPO₄ 1.0g,MgSO₄·7H₂O 1.5g,初始pH 5.0,并优化培养条件为装液量250mL/500mL,接种量2%,培养温度32℃,转速170r/min,种龄6d;依上述条件制备液体菌种,以固体菌种为对照,进行出菇试验,调查农艺性状,试验结果表明液体菌种接种后,菌袋满袋时间提前7d,子实体原基产生时间提前8d,头潮菇鲜重提高22.5%;配方试验结果表明,以细木屑为主料的配方产量最高,头潮菇鲜重为270.6g/袋。     

白腐真菌落叶松锈迷孔菌产漆酶液体培养基的优化及其对染料的脱色作用

以白腐真菌落叶松锈迷孔菌(Porodaedalea laricis)胞外漆酶为响应值,通过将Plackett-Burman设计、最陡爬坡设计和Box-Behnken设计相结合,获得了P.laricis产胞外漆酶的最适培养基为:去皮马铃薯365.61 g/L、蛋白胨5.0 g/L、葡萄糖20.0 g/L、KH2PO41.0 g/L、MgSO47H2O 0.5 g/L、MnSO4 H2O 0.15 g/L、CaCl22H2O 0.03 g/L、酒石酸铵6.68 g/L、琥珀酸钠1.5 g/L、吐温800.48 mL/L、玉米芯46.43 g/L、维生素B10.01 g/L。在该条件下,P.laricis漆酶活性为3.29 U/mL,相比于优化前提高了2.81倍,与理论值3.32 U/mL相近,说明该模型准确可靠。此外,将漆酶应用于降解多种合成染料包括活性亮蓝X-BR、雷马素亮蓝R、酸性黑172、刚果红、亚甲基蓝、中性红、靛蓝、萘酚绿B和结晶紫,反应168 h后脱色率分别可达到95.64%、97.21%、36.11%、91.63%、61.42%、74.65%、48.60%、25.13%和68.80%。     

裸脚菇0612-9液体菌种优化及其对后续发酵产活性物质的影响

裸脚菇0612-9次级代谢产物具有强烈抗青绿霉活性,可作为微生物源防腐剂用于柑橘保藏,但是其发酵周期长,产出能耗大效率低。用摇瓶对裸脚菇0612-9的液体菌种培养基、培养条件进行优化并对优化后液体菌种接种种龄、接种量进行探索,最后用5L发酵罐进行放大发酵验证。取样计数测定菌丝球数量、过滤称重测定菌丝干重、HPLC监测活性物质Ⅱ的积累、牛津杯法评价抗青绿霉活性。经研究最佳碳源为玉米粉和麦芽糖,最佳氮源为蛋白胨,最佳液体菌种培养基组成为：玉米粉30g/L、麦芽糖10g/L、蛋白胨15g/L、KH₂PO₄ 2g/L、MgSO₄·7H₂O 1g/L;最佳培养条件：起始pH 5、接种3×Ф7mm菌块、装液量100mL/250mL三角瓶、温度28℃、转速160r/min;优化前菌丝球数46个/10mL,菌丝干重0.28g/100mL,优化后菌球数达985个/10mL,菌丝干重达0.69g/100mL,分别为优化前的21.4倍、2.43倍;后续发酵使用种龄9d的液体菌种、接种量7.5%。优化后液体菌种在发酵罐中后续发酵周期从10d缩短至5d,缩短50%,产量比优化前提高8.28%。     

响应面分析法优化黑根霉胞外多糖发酵工艺

实验以商品化的马铃薯葡萄糖液体培养基为基础培养基,以胞外粗多糖产量为考察指标,运用响应面分析法考察玉米浆浓度、KH₂PO₄浓度和发酵时间3个因素对胞外多糖发酵产量的影响,以获得黑根霉胞外多糖发酵最优工艺,建立高产、稳定、可控的胞外多糖发酵生产工艺技术方案。经响应面分析,各因素按照对响应值的影响顺序为：玉米浆浓度>发酵时间> KH₂PO₄浓度,且玉米浆浓度、发酵时间对胞外多糖产量的影响极显著,KH₂PO₄浓度对胞外多糖产量的影响不显著。胞外多糖发酵最优工艺为：玉米浆3.2mg/mL、KH₂PO₄ 1.5mg/mL和发酵时间132h,在此条件下胞外多糖的最大预测产量为0.824mg/mL。实验重复性好,是一个高产、稳定、可控的胞外多糖发酵生产工艺技术方案,可以指导黑根霉胞外多糖发酵。     

蝙蝠蛾拟青霉液体发酵工艺优化及菌丝体腺苷含量的检测

通过摇瓶液体培养的方法,以菌丝体生物量为主要考察指标,筛选蝙蝠蛾拟青霉PH-2菌株液体发酵的培养基成分和条件。进一步采用正交试验,以菌丝体生物量和腺苷含量为联合指标,确定PH-2菌株液体发酵高产菌丝体和腺苷的培养基配方。通过试验获得的最佳配方为：玉米淀粉40g/L,葡萄糖5g/L,玉米浆25g/L,硫酸镁·7H₂O 1g/L,磷酸二氢钾1g/L,硫酸锌1.5g/L,维生素B1 25mg/L;培养条件为：初始pH 6.0,装液量150mL/500mL,接种量8%（V/V）,温度26℃,转速120r/min,培养7d。在该工艺下,菌丝体生物量达到25.2g/L。应用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法,检测到菌丝体中腺苷含量为2.76mg/g。该方法简便、快速、准确,可作为蝙蝠蛾拟青霉菌丝体或其相关产品中腺苷的检测手段。本工艺的优化试验获得了较高的菌丝体收率,菌丝体质量良好。     

高雄山虫草生物学特性及人工驯化条件优化

高雄山虫草Cordyceps tenuipes是一种重要的珍稀野生虫草,无性型为细脚棒束孢Isaria tenuipes。对采集的野生无性型高雄山虫草生物学特性进行了研究,采用小麦和大米为栽培基质,通过添加不同营养成分进行人工驯化和栽培条件优化,对后续提高其孢梗束产量和商业化栽培具有重要意义。试验结果表明,该虫草菌丝在固体和液体培养条件下生长所需的最佳营养组成一致,通过单因素和多因素正交试验得出菌丝在固体和液体条件下生长的最佳培养基配方为蔗糖30g/L、酵母粉15g/L、磷酸二氢钾2g/L、七水硫酸镁2g/L,最佳培养条件为温度25℃,pH 7。以小麦为培养基栽培的孢梗束生物学效率介于(45.750±6.062)%-(67.820±6.018)%,总体优于大米培养基(23.410±5.242)%-(36.880±8.812)%。以添加蚕蛹粉的小麦培养基栽培的孢梗束生物转化率最高,达67.820%,高于已有的报道。通过生物学特性分析和人工驯化条件的优化,为高雄山虫草的规模化人工栽培提供参考。     

Optimization of culture conditions for production of cis-epoxysuccinic acid hydrolase using response surface methodology

Response surface methodology, which allows for rapid identification of important factors and optimization of them to enhance enzyme production, was employed here to optimize culture conditions for the production of cis-epoxysuccinic acid hydrolase from Bordetella sp. strain 1–3. In the first step, a Plackett–Burman design was used to evaluate the effects of nine variables (yeast extract, cis-epoxysuccinic acid, KH₂PO₄, K₂HPO₄ · 3H₂O, MgSO₄ · 7H₂O, trace minerals solution, culture volume, initial pH and incubation time) on the enzyme production. Yeast extract, cis-epoxysuccinic acid and KH₂PO₄ had significant influences on cis-epoxysuccinic acid hydrolase production and their concentrations were further optimized using central composite design and response surface analysis. A combination of adjusting the concentration of yeast extract to 7.8 g/l, cis-epoxysuccinic acid to 9.8 g/l, and KH₂PO₄ to 1.12 g/l would favor maximum cis-epoxysuccinic acid hydrolase production. An enhancement of cis-epoxysuccinic acid hydrolase production from 5.6 U/ml to 9.27 U/ml was gained after optimization.     

Copper(II) coordination polymers derived from triethanolamine and pyromellitic acid for bioinspired mild peroxidative oxidation of cyclohexane

The new inorganic 1D coordination polymer [Cu₂(H₃tea)₂(μ₄-pma)]_n has been prepared, via self-assembly in aqueous medium, from copper(II) nitrate, triethanolamine (H₃tea), pyromellitic acid (H₄pma) and lithium hydroxide, and characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. This compound and the related 2D polymer [Cu₂(μ-H₂tea)₂{μ₃-Na₂(H₂O)₄}(μ₆-pma)]_n · 10nH₂O are shown to mimic the alkane partial oxidation activity of the multicopper particulate methane monooxygenase, acting as catalysts precursors for the peroxidative oxidation of cyclohexane into cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone, by hydrogen peroxide (as green oxidant) and at room temperature in acidic MeCN/H₂O medium. An overall yield (based on cyclohexane) of 29% has been achieved.     

Structures and magnetism of rubidium and cesium salts of dimeric oxovanadium(IV) tartrate(4−) complexes

Complexes of type A₄[VO(tart)]₂·nH₂O, where A = Rb or Cs and tart =d,l-tartrate(4−) (n = 2) or d,d-tartrate(4−) (n = 2 for Rb and n = 3 for Cs), were prepared from an aqueous mixture of V₂O₅, AOH and H₄tart. These complexes were studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods: Rb₄[VO(d,l-tart)]₂·2H₂O, space group P1 with a = 8.156(1),b = 8.246(1),c = 8.719(1)Å, = 66.09(1)°, β = 65.07(1)°, γ = 82.40(1)°,Z = 2, 1917 observed reflections, and final R_w = 0.035; Cs₄[VO(d,l-tart)]₂·2H₂O, space group P₂₁/c with a = 9.350(1),b = 13.728(2),c = 8.479(1)Å, β = 106.77(1)°,Z = 4, 2235 observed reflections, and final R_w = 0.054; Rb₄[VO(d,d-tart)]₂·2H₂O, space group P₄₁₂₂ with a = 8.072(1),c = 32.006(3)Å,Z = 8, 1014 observed reflections and final R_w = 0.038; Cs₄[VO(d,d-tart)]₂·3H₂O, space group P₁₂₂ with a = 8.184(1),c = 33.680(5)Å,Z = 8, 1310 observed reflections, and final R_w = 0.063. Bulk magnetic susceptibility data (1.5–300 K) for these compounds and A₄[VOl,l-tart)]₂·nH₂O (A = Rb, Cs) were obtained on polycrystalline samples. These data were analyzed in terms of a Van Vleck exchange coupled S = 1/2 model which was modified to include an interdimer exchange parameters Θ. Analysis of the low-temperature (1.5–20 K) susceptibility data gave 2J = +1.30 cm⁻¹ and Θ = −1.86 K for Rb₄[VO(d,l-tart)]₂·2H₂O, 2J = +1.16 cm⁻¹ and Θ = −1.69 K for Cs₄[VO(d,l-tart)]₂·2H₂O, 2J = +1.90 cm⁻¹ and Θ = −0.82 K for Rb₄[VO(d,d-tart)]₂·2H₂O, 2J = +2.04 cm⁻¹ and Θ = −0.80 K for Rb₄[VO(l,l-tart)]₂·2H₂O, 2J = +1.52 cm⁻¹ and Θ = −0.25 K for Cs₄[VO(d,d-tart)]₂·3H₂O, and 2J = +1.64 cm⁻¹ and Θ = −0.31 K for Cs₄[VO(l,l-tart)]₂·3H₂O. These results suggest the magnitudes of intradimer (ferromagnetic and interdimer (antiferromagnetic) exchange interactions are similar in these complexes, as observed for the analogous Na salts.     

Medium improvement by orthogonal array designs for cholesterol oxidase production by Rhodococcus equi No. 23

Medium improvement for the production of cholesterol oxidase (CO, EC 1.1.3.6) by Rhodococcus equi No. 23 was investigated using an orthogonal array design in two steps. Results revealed that yeast extract, Tween 80 and zinc sulphate had positive effects on CO production, but magnesium sulphate had an inhibitory effect. In addition, interaction between cholesterol and sodium chloride also had a significant effect on enzyme production. The improved medium consisted of 2·0 g/litre cholesterol, 8·0 g/litre yeast extract, 1·0 g/litre NH₄Cl, 1·0 g/litre NaCl, 0·50 g/litre KH₂PO₄, 0·25 g/litre Na₂HPO₄, 0·10 g/litre -valine, 0·15 g/litre -tyrosine, 0·15 g/litre MgSO₄·7H₂O, 0·01 g/litre ZnSO₄·7H₂O, 0·10 g/litre FeSO₄·7H₂O and 4·0 ml/litre Tween 80. CO production at 60 h (about 0·24 units/ml) was about four-fold greater than with the control medium.     

Studies of the oxovanadium(IV)—oxalate system: syntheses and crystal structures of binuclear (Ph4P)2[(VO)2(H2O)2(C2O4)3]·4H2O and of the one-dimensional chain material, (Ph4P)[VOCl(C2O4)]

The hydrothermal reactions of (Ph₄P)[VO₂Cl₂] and H₂C₂O₄ at 150 and 125°C yield (Ph₄P)₂[V₂O₂(H₂O)₂(C₂O₄)₃]·4H₂O (1) and (Ph₄P)[VOCl(C₂O₄)] (2), respectively. The structure of the molecular anion of 1 consists of a binuclear unit of oxovanadium(IV) octahedra bridged by a bisbidentate oxalate group. The VO₆ coordination geometry at each vanadium site is defined by a terminal oxo group, an aquo ligand, and four oxygen donors — two from the bisbidentate bridging oxalate and two from the terminal bidentate oxalate. The structure of 2 consists of discrete Ph₄P⁺ cations occupying regions between [VOCl(C₂O₄)]⁻_∞ spiral chains. The structure of the one-dimensional anionic chain exhibits V(IV) octahedra bridged by bisbidentate oxalate groups. Crystal data: 1·4H₂O, monoclinic P2₁/n, A = 12.694(3), B = 12.531(3), C = 17.17(3) Å, β = 106.32(2)°, V = 2621.3(13) ų, Z = 2, D_calc = 1.501 g cm⁻³, structure solution and refinement converged at a conventional residual of 0.0518; 2, tetragonal P4₃, A = 12.145(2), C = 15.991(3) Å, V = 2358.7(12) ų, Z = 4, R = 0.0452.     

One-dimensional polymeric chlorocadmate(II) systems of N-methylpiperazinium and N,N′-dimethylpiperazinium compounds: synthesis, structural and thermal properties

The chlorocadmate(II) systems of (H₂me₂pipz)[Cd₂Cl₆(H₂O)₂] (1) and (H₂mepipz)₂[Cd₃Cl₁₀(H₂O)] (2) (L = me₂pipz = N,N′-dimethylpiperazine; L′ = mepipz = N-methylpiperazine) were prepared and their structural and thermal properties investigated. Compound 1 is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c, A = 7.664(1), B = 7.472(4), C = 15.347(1) Å, β = 99.468(7)°, Z = 2, R = 0.024. The crystal structure consists of organic cations and infinite one-dimensional chains of [CdCl₃(H₂O)]_n³⁻ anions. Each Cd atom is octahedrally surrounded by bridged and terminal chlorine atoms and by a water molecule, which is in trans position with respect to the terminal chlorine atom. Inter- and intrachain hydrogen bond interactions between the terminal chlorine atoms and the water molecules contribute to the crystal packing. Compound 2 is orthorhombic, space group Cmc2₁, A = 15.286(3), B = 13.354(3), C = 13.154(3) Å, R = 0.023. The crystal structure consists of organic dications and infinite chains of [Cd₂Cl₆(CdCl₄H₂O]_n⁴⁻ units running along the [001] axis. Each unit is formed of regularly alternate six-coordinated Cd atoms, one of them linking one pentacoordinated Cd atom which completes its coordination througha water molecule. A strong hydrogen bond interaction involving the organic dication and the inorganic chain contributes to the crystal packing. Differential hydrogen bond interaction involving the organic dication and the inorganic chain contributes to the crystal packing. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements did not show the presence of any structural phase transitions. The structures are compared with those of (H₂pipz)[Cd₂Cl₆(H₂O)₂] (3), (H₂mepipz)[Cd₂Cl₆(H₂O)₂]·H₂O (4) and (H₂mepipz)[Cd₂Cl₆] (5) (L = pipz = piperazine, L′ = mepipz = N-ethylpiperazine).     

响应面法优化荷叶离褶伞菌丝体产漆酶条件

为了对荷叶离褶伞产漆酶条件进行优化,在单因素实验基础上,通过最陡爬坡实验(PB)对培养基8因素进行筛选,获得影响产漆酶的3个显著性因素:葡萄糖,pH和KH₂PO₄;通过中心组合(CCD)设计及响应面分析确定了最优发酵条件:葡萄糖20.09g/L,酪蛋白1.5g/L,酵母提取物1.5g/L,MgSO₄ 3g/L,CuSO₄ 3.75mg/L,KH₂PO₄ 3.97g/L,pH 4.98,VB₁ 0.1g/L,愈创木酚12mg/L,该条件下,漆酶酶活为829.83U/mL,较未优化对照提高46.6%.