基于SSR标记的黔南茶树种质资源DNA指纹图谱构建

以黔南60个野生茶树种质资源为材料,使用15对引物,通过SSR技术进行了DNA指纹数据库的构建。结果显示,所采用的15对引物共扩增出147个等位基因,有较好的多态性。位点的期望杂合度和多态性信息含量的变化范围分别为0.128~0.939和0.124~0.927,平均值分别为0.602和0.572。综合各项指标筛选出6对引物QNSSR01、QNSSR02、QNSSR04、QNSSR06、QNSSR18、QNSSR23上的23个等位基因用于黔南茶树种质资源DNA指纹图谱构建,60个茶树种质资源的SSR指纹图谱互不相同,可以作为各材料特定的图谱。研究结果为黔南茶树种质资源保护和品种创新利用奠定了基础。     

广西部分地区野生茶树遗传关系EST-SSR标记分析

为了明确广西野生茶树种质资源的遗传背景,该研究从广西的宁明县、金秀县、苍梧县收集到14份地方野生茶树种质资源,以17个国家级茶树良种作为参照,采用EST-SSR分子标记技术,探讨了广西这三个地方野生茶树与国家级茶树良种间的亲缘关系以及广西地方茶树自身的遗传多样性。结果表明:15对EST-SSR引物共检测到68个等位基因,平均每个引物可扩增出4.53个,其中多态性位点为60个,多态性比率达88.2%。平均观测杂合度、平均期望杂合度、平均Shannon信息指数分别为0.42、0.55和0.97。PIC值在0.23~0.74之间,平均为0.52,多态性较好。遗传相似系数在0.53~0.9之间,平均值为0.71,31份供试材料在遗传相似系数为0.71分为5组群,76%参照品种聚在A组群,而广西本地的野生茶树资源则主要分布在B、C、D、E组群。利用该研究中的4对核心引物即可将31份供试材料全部区分开,挑选其中10个多态性较好的等位位点进行编码,构建31份供试种质的DNA分子指纹图谱。这表明广西野生茶树资源与国家级茶树良种间遗传差异较大、亲缘关系较远、遗传基础宽、多样性非常丰富,可作为茶树育种的亲本或开展茶树功能基因研究的材料。     

向日葵种质的SSR分析

以向日葵种质‘阜8321,的114份单株为材料,利用23对引物进行SSR分析.结果表明,23对引物扩增共获得57条带,其中24条多态性带,多态性比率为42.11％.聚类分析显示114个个体间遗传相似性较高,遗传相似系数为0.86～1.00,在遗传相似系数0.87附近,可将114份单株分为两个类群,第一类群包括4份样品,其余110个单株为第二类群.PopGen 3.2软件分析得出种质内个体间平均有效基因位点数、平均香农指数和位点预期杂合度分别为1.4682、0.4078和0.2606.说明该种质个体间SSR位点存在一定的差异,为异质型种质,在繁种更新中应注意维持其遗传完整性.     

利用微卫星标记分析山西糜子的遗传多样性

山西是中国糜子主产区之一,有丰富的地方品种和农家种种质资源。利用微卫星标记分析糜子资源的遗传多样性,明确其遗传背景,便于加强糜子各品种之间的基因交流以及优异种质的筛选和利用,同时对种质资源的亲缘关系分析提供科学依据。利用27对SSR引物分析57份山西糜子的遗传差异,采用PowerMarker 3.25计算每对引物的多态性信息含量,采用PopGen1.32计算每对引物和两个生态区的观测等位基因等遗传参数。用MEGA5.0构建Neighbour-Joining聚类图,利用Structure 2.3.4鉴定遗传类群,采用Ntsys2.11进行主成分分析。结果显示27对SSR引物共检测出71个等位变异,平均每个位点扩增出2.6296个等位基因,各引物对的有效等位变异占观测等位变异的76.94%。各引物对的基因多样性指数为0.4140～1.0446,平均为0.7686;PIC为0.0601～0.7158,平均为0.5667。两生态区的观测杂合度等遗传参数相差不大。基于N-J遗传距离将57份材料分为3个类群,类群Ⅰ属于黄土高原春夏糜子区,类群Ⅱ、类群Ⅲ均属均于北方春糜子区和黄土高原春夏糜子区。遗传结构分析将57份糜子材料分为3个类群,绿色类群的基因多样性指数和PIC比蓝色、红色类群高。两种聚类结果基本一致,分布方式均与地理位置相关。主成分分析结果将晋北部材料与晋中、晋南部材料相区别,说明两生态区糜子的遗传背景因地理气候因素有明显差异,与遗传结构群体分析结果一致。研究表明,山西省糜子资源的遗传多样性丰富。     

苹果属栽培种楸子的遗传多样性与遗传结构分析

利用荧光SSR分子标记,对新收集的苹果属栽培种楸子种质资源进行了遗传多样性和群体结构分析,明确群体内和群体间的遗传多样性和结构,为苹果属植物种质资源的收集保存和砧木育种亲本选择提供参考。利用荧光SSR构建研究材料的指纹数据,主要利用GenAlEx 6.501软件分析遗传多样性,利用POPULATION 1.2软件基于Nei遗传距离构建Neighbour-Joining(NJ)树,并利用STRUCTURE 2.3.4软件进行群体结构分析。结果表明:19对SSR引物共检测出390个多态性等位变异,平均多态性等位基因数为20.526,平均有效等位基因数为9.399,观察杂合度和期望杂合度的平均值分别为0.706和0.868,香农多样性指数为2.446,高于以往研究的苹果属植物的遗传多样性。基于Nei遗传距离的聚类分析,在遗传距离0.9167处155份材料可以分成3个类群,3个类群间的遗传距离较近,并没有完全按来源地划分为相应的类群。群体结构分析将155份材料划分成了2个稳定的群体,群体结构分组与NJ聚类有相似的结果,其中150份材料的Q值均大于0.6,血缘相对单一。     

利用SSR标记研究茄子种质资源遗传多样性

本研究利用105个SSR分子标记分析了50份茄子种质资源遗传多样性。105对SSR引物中筛选出的20对多态性含量较高的引物,在50份茄子品种组成的群体中共检测出91个等位基因,平均每个基因位点检测到4.55个等位基因。PIC的变幅为0.202 1~0.735 6,平均为0.401 2。根据遗传距离并结合UPGMA聚类分析可将50份种质分为10个类群。SSR分子标记与品种资源性状聚类分析基本一致。     

应用SSR标记分析中国糯大麦种质的遗传多样性

利用SSR标记对来自中国不同省市的76份糯大麦种质的遗传多样性进行分析,并以遗传相似系数为基础进行聚类分析。SSR标记分析表明,50对大麦SSR引物在76份糯大麦中共扩增出203个等位基因,属于高度多态性位点范畴。当遗传相似系数为0.70时可将76个糯大麦品种划分为5个类群,在一定程度上反映了与材料的地理来源和皮裸性。糯大麦资源平均Shan-non多样性指数显示,来自云南和西藏的糯大麦品种遗传多样性略高。SSR标记分析表明,中国糯大麦具有丰富的遗传多样性,对揭示糯大麦的起源与传播以及对资源的有效利用具有现实意义。     

中国引种桉树种质资源的遗传多样性分析

该研究从110对SSR引物中,选用47个扩增稳定、条带特异的SSR多态位点,对42种159份桉树种质材料进行PCR扩增,通过统计条带构建二维数据库的方法,进行遗传多样性分析和聚类分析。结果显示:(1)共检测到137个等位基因,平均每个位点等位基因数为2.915个,各位点等位基因变异范围为2~7个。(2)遗传多样性分析结果表明,平均Shannon’s信息指数为0.181,平均观察杂合度Ho为0.068,平均多态信息含量PIC为0.182。综合各指标分析发现,位点eSSR-GR018、eSSR-GR083和eSSR-GR109的多态性程度最高,反映的遗传信息量更大,能够在桉树种质资源的遗传多样性分析和种质鉴定等方面发挥更大的作用。(3)非加权类平均法(UPGMA法)和主坐标分析法(PCoA法)聚类分析均表明,159份桉树种质材料分为两大类群,且昆士兰桉和少花桉间具有较高的遗传相似度,很可能产生杂交种;聚类结果与基于形态学的HillJohnson分类系统基本一致。研究表明,中国引种的桉树种质资源具有较高水平的遗传多样性,该研究所选用的47对SSR引物可有效地应用于桉树种质资源的鉴定分析。     

加工番茄种质资源的SSR分析

为探明加工番茄种质资源间的亲缘关系,利用SSR标记对20份加工番茄品种及育种材料进行了多样性分析。结果表明:从49对SSR引物中筛选出12对扩增稳定、条带清晰且多态性丰富的引物进行分析,共获得43个位点,多态性位点为37个,多态位点比率86%;供试材料间的遗传相似系数介于0.419~1.000之间,说明加工番茄种质资源间存在一定的遗传差异;通过UPGMA法聚类分析,将20份材料分为3大类群,其中亲缘关系较远的不同类群间及亚类间的种质资源可作为杂交育种的亲本。     

基于SSR标记分析大豆疫霉根腐病抗源的遗传多样性

丰富的遗传多样性可为大豆育种提供宽阔的遗传基础,本研究基于35对SSR标记,对60份东北地区大豆疫霉根腐病抗性品种进行了遗传多样性分析,共检测到189个等位基因,平均每个位点等位变异数5.4个,多态性信息含量指数(PIC)为0.1550~0.8195,平均为0.6636;遗传相似系数的变异范围为0.31~0.74。利用5对高多态性SSR引物构建了60份抗性材料的指纹图谱,这5对SSR引物构建的指纹图谱可以将60份疫霉根腐病抗性材料逐一区分开。采用NTSYS2.10基于遗传距离的聚类分析,将60份抗性材料分为7个类群,其中78.33%的抗性品种(系)的遗传相似系数在0.45~0.74间,表明遗传差异相对较窄,品种间遗传多样性水平较低。聚类分析与群体遗传结构分析结果有部分重合,均反映出不同地区的抗性材料间存在一定的渗透和交流。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.