三疣梭子蟹蜕壳周期肝胰腺、外壳和鳃中钙含量的变化

研究测定了三疣梭子蟹蜕壳周期肝胰腺、鳃和外壳中的钙含量。结果显示,在不同时间,鳃中钙含量变化较小,各时间点差异不显著;蜕壳前期至蜕壳刚完成阶段三疣梭子蟹(软壳蟹)肝胰腺中钙含量最高,蜕壳后第4 d肝胰腺中钙含量最低。三疣梭子蟹外壳中钙含量随着外壳的硬化(钙化)逐渐增加,完全硬化后外壳中钙含量达到最高。研究表明,蜕壳后三疣梭子蟹肝胰腺中钙含量的降低与外壳的钙化之间具有关联性,肝胰腺在三疣梭子蟹蜕壳后钙的储存中起着重要作用,而鳃在钙离子储存中所起的作用可能小于钙转移的作用。     

饲料中添加雨生红球藻粉对中华绒螯蟹成体雄蟹生化组成的影响

为研究饲料中添加雨生红球藻(Haematococcus pluvialis)粉对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)成体雄蟹成活、增重和生化组成的影响,分别在饲料中添加0、0.2%、0.4%和0.6%的雨生红球藻粉,配制4种等氮等脂的育肥饲料,投喂生殖蜕壳后雄蟹60 d,计算各组成活率、增重率、特定生长率和肥满度,同时测定了组织中的常规营养成分、脂肪酸组成和类胡萝卜素含量,并对实验数据进行方差分析。结果显示:(1)饲料中添加雨生红球藻粉对成体雄蟹的成活率、增重率、特定生长率和肥满度均无显著影响。(2)雄蟹性腺中的粗蛋白及肝胰腺总脂含量均以雨生红球藻粉0.4%组最高,而肌肉水分含量随饲料中雨生红球藻粉含量的升高整体呈上升趋势(P0.05)。(3)性腺中的脂肪酸C20:0含量随饲料雨生红球藻粉添加水平的升高而显著上升,而C16:1n7、C18:2n6和C18:3n3含量分别在雨生红球藻粉0.6%组、0.4%组和0组最高(P0.05)。(4)肝胰腺中的脂肪酸C14:0、C18:0和C18:1n7含量均以雨生红球藻粉0.2%组最高,而C18:1n9和总单不饱和脂肪酸(∑MUFA)含量均以雨生红球藻粉0.6%组最高(P0.05)。(5)肌肉中的脂肪酸C14:1n5和C20:2n6含量在雨生红球藻粉0.2%组最高(P0.05),C16:0含量及二十二碳六烯酸/二十碳五烯酸(DHA/EPA)比例以雨生红球藻粉0.4%组最高,而C22:6n3、总多不饱和脂肪酸(∑PUFA)、∑n-3 PUFA和总高度不饱和脂肪酸(∑HUFA)含量均以雨生红球藻粉0.6%组最高(P0.05)。(6)肝胰腺中的虾青素、β-胡萝卜素和头胸甲中的虾青素、叶黄素、玉米黄素含量随饲料中雨生红球藻粉含量的升高而显著上升(P0.05)。综上,饲料中添加雨生红球藻粉对成体雄蟹成活率、增重率和肥满度无显著影响,但可提高性腺粗蛋白、肌肉总多不饱和脂肪酸、肝胰腺和头胸甲中的类胡萝卜素含量,雄蟹育肥饲料中适宜的雨生红球藻粉添加量建议为0.4%左右。     

饲料中添加雨生红球藻粉对三疣梭子蟹雌体卵巢发育、色泽、抗氧化能力和生化组成的影响

研究采用雨生红球藻(Haematococcus pluvialis)藻粉作为天然虾青素源, 配制4种不同虾青素含量(含量分别为0、26.60、41.62和81.37 mg/kg)的饲料(记为饲料1#—4#), 对三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)雌体进行为期45d的育肥实验, 研究其对雌蟹卵巢发育、色泽、抗氧化能力、免疫性能和生化组成的影响。结果表明: (1)育肥饲料中虾青素含量对雌蟹性腺指数(GSI)和肝胰腺指数(HSI)均无显著影响。(2)肝胰腺、卵巢和头胸甲中的总类胡萝卜素含量、红度(a*)值和黄度(b*)值均随饲料虾青素含量的升高而升高, 而3种组织的亮度(L*)值呈显著下降趋势(P<0.05)。(3)对抗氧化指标而言, 虾青素添加组(饲料2#—4#)血淋巴超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活力均显著低于无虾青素组(饲料1#); 血淋巴中的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)及肝胰腺中的SOD和T-AOC活力均随饲料中虾青素水平升高而上升, 而血淋巴和肝胰腺中的丙二醛(MDA)含量呈下降趋势。(4)对免疫指标而言, 血淋巴和肝胰腺中的酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活力均在饲料4#组最高, 而饲料1#组血淋巴中的血蓝蛋白(Hc)含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。(5)对生化组成而言, 肌肉和肝胰腺中的总脂、总碳水化合物及卵巢中总脂含量均随饲料中虾青素含量的升高呈上升趋势, 饲料2#组卵巢中的总碳水化合物含量最高(P<0.05)。综上所述, 三疣梭子蟹雌体育肥饲料中添加虾青素对其卵巢发育无显著影响, 但可改善色泽和提高其抗氧化能力及可食组织中的总脂和碳水化合物含量, 三疣梭子蟹雌体育肥饲料中虾青素适宜含量为50 mg/kg饲料左右。     

三疣梭子蟹软壳硬化阶段肝胰腺的营养成分及脂肪酸组成分析

采用常规营养物质测定方法和气质联用(GC-MS)技术,研究了三疣梭子蟹软壳硬化阶段肝胰腺的基本营养成分和脂肪酸组成。结果发现在其软壳硬化的过程中肝胰腺指数、粗脂肪和灰分含量逐渐降低,而粗蛋白含量趋势相反;表明脂类是主要的能源物质。共检测出42种脂肪酸,其中C16:0(棕榈酸)、C18:1(n-9)(油酸)和C22:6(n-3)(DHA)是主要脂肪酸;蜕壳后0～6 h,单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)在肝胰腺中的含量显著降低(P<0.05),而饱和脂肪酸(SFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的含量则均有不同程度的上升;6～48 h,MUFA在肝胰腺中的含量逐渐上升,PUFA的含量则与其相反;SFA在6～24 h时降低,随后升高;∑EPA+DHA在肝胰腺中的含量与∑PUFA的含量变化趋势一致。     

混合植物油替代鱼油对中华绒螯蟹成体雄蟹常规成分和脂肪酸组成的影响

为研究育肥饲料中混合植物油替代鱼油对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)成体雄蟹常规成分和脂肪酸组成的影响,采用豆油和菜籽油混合物替代鱼油制成5种不同鱼油替代水平(0%、25%、50%、75%和100%)的等氮等脂育肥饲料(分别记为1#~5#饲料组)饲喂雄蟹,测定5组雄蟹肝胰腺、肌肉和性腺中的常规成分和脂肪酸组成,并对实验数据进行方差分析。结果显示:(1)饲料1#组性腺灰分含量显著高于饲料4#和5#组(P0.05),但各组性腺中的水分、总脂和蛋白含量均无显著差异(P0.05);饲料1#组肝胰腺中的水分和灰分最高,但其总脂含量低于其他组,各组肝胰腺的蛋白含量无显著差异(P0.05);除1#饲料组外,肌肉中的总脂和灰分含量随鱼油替代水平的升高而显著上升(P0.05),而水分和蛋白含量均无显著差异(P0.05)。(2)各饲料组精巢中总饱和脂肪酸(∑SFA)、总多不饱和脂肪酸(∑PUFA)和总高度不饱和脂肪酸(∑HUFA)含量无显著差异(P0.05),其总n-6多不饱和脂肪酸(∑n-6PUFA)含量随鱼油替代水平升高而升高,而总n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(∑n-3PUFA)含量和∑n-3PUFA/∑n-6PUFA比值呈显著下降趋势(P0.05)。(3)肝胰腺中∑n-3PUFA和∑HUFA含量具有显著的组间差异,且均以饲料3#组最高。但各组的∑PUFA和∑n-6PUFA含量差异并不显著(P0.05)。(4)肌肉中大部分脂肪酸组成无显著差异,仅∑n-6PUFA含量随鱼油替代水平升高而升高。综上,中华绒螯蟹育肥饲料中植物油(豆油与菜籽油含量为1︰1)替代鱼油对成体雄蟹可食组织中水分和蛋白含量并无显著影响,但会对其脂肪酸组成造成显著的影响,50%的鱼油替代水平有利于雄蟹肝胰腺和肌肉中的脂肪沉积。     

三疣梭子蟹软壳蟹肝胰腺的消化酶活力与营养成分分析

通过生化分析、气质联用和液质联用等技术, 系统地研究了三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)软壳蟹肝胰腺的消化酶活力与营养组成。结果表明三疣梭子蟹软壳蟹肝胰腺中粗脂肪的含量最高, 达47.97%, 但脂肪酶活力却最小; 其消化酶活力大小为: 淀粉酶>类胰蛋白酶>脂肪酶, 且各消化酶活力之间差异显著(P<0.05)。共检出38种脂肪酸, 其中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)18 种, 单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)8 种, 多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)12 种; 其中SFA的含量最高, 为33.05%, PUFA次之, 占32.45%, MUFA的含量最少, 为28.18%。氨基酸组成中谷氨酸含量居首位, 共检测出29种氨基酸, 包括7种必需氨基酸、2种半必需氨基酸及20中非必需氨基酸; 非必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例最高, 为52.77%; 其次为必需氨基酸, 占35.39%; 半必需氨基酸最低, 为11.84%。由此可知, 脂类物质是三疣梭子蟹软壳蟹期间主要的能源物质, 其脂肪酸和氨基酸的种类及含量与硬壳蟹相比存在着一定的差异。     

饲料中DHA含量对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长、脂类组成和低氧胁迫的影响

二十二碳六烯酸（C22:6n-3,DHA）对甲壳动物生长、蜕壳、性腺发育、免疫保护和抗环境胁迫具有重要的调节作用,探讨饲料中脂肪酸营养与中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长和耐低氧胁迫的调控关系具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。通过单个体养殖试验、生化分析、低氧胁迫及生理指标测定等方法,研究了饲料中DHA含量对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹（初始均重为0.6g左右）成活、生长、脂类组成和低氧胁迫下生理指标的影响,探讨幼蟹饲料中适宜的DHA含量。结果表明:（1）饲料中DHA含量对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹的成活、生长、蜕壳和肝胰腺指数无显著影响;（2）饲料中DHA含量对幼蟹肝胰腺水分、肌肉水分及总脂含量均无显著影响,但饲料中过量DHA（0.81%）导致幼蟹肝胰腺总脂含量显著升高;（3）幼蟹肝胰腺和肌肉中的DHA均随着饲料中DHA含量升高而显著上升,但DHA相对保留率（组织中DHA与饲料中DHA的比值）随着饲料中DHA含量上升而显著下降,整体上肌肉中各PUFA的相对保留率远高于肝胰腺。无论饲料中DHA/EPA比值如何变化,肌肉中DHA/EPA均小于1,这说明幼蟹肌肉需要更多的EPA;（4）饲料中添加适量的DHA（0.18%0.28%）可以提高低氧胁迫下幼蟹血淋巴中超氧化物歧化酶的活性,降低其乳酸和丙二醛含量,从而提高幼蟹的抗低氧胁迫能力。综上,中华绒螯蟹幼蟹饲料中适宜DHA含量为0.2%左右。       

长江刀鲚生殖洄游期间脂肪酸组成及含量变化分析

为探究长江刀鲚生殖洄游过程中脂肪酸组成及其含量变化规律,研究选择洄游距离、卵巢发育和规格大小3个影响因子设置梯度,对长江刀鲚肝胰腺、肌肉和卵巢的脂肪酸组成及含量进行实验分析。实验结果显示, 62尾雌性刀鲚3个组织均检测出28种脂肪酸,以单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)含量最高,大于各组织总脂肪酸含量的56.23%,各类脂肪酸中的C18:1、C16:0、C16:1、DHA和EPA含量较高,为主要脂肪酸。在生殖洄游过程中,刀鲚肝胰腺总脂肪含量随洄游距离的延长呈上升趋势,从崇明江段的(526.61±38.50) mg/g增加至安庆江段的(587.21±124.72) mg/g,而肌肉和卵巢总脂肪酸含量呈显著下降趋势,分别下降了33.03%和57.09%(P<0.05)。在各体长组中,肌肉总脂肪酸、SFA、MUFA和PUFA含量与体长呈正相关(P<0.05),而肝胰腺和卵巢总脂肪酸及各类脂肪酸含量与体长无显著相关性(P>0.05)。在卵巢发育过程中,刀鲚肝胰腺和肌肉总脂肪酸、MUFA和PUFA含量随卵巢由Ⅱ期发育至Ⅳ期均呈下降趋势,总脂肪酸含量分别减少了47.56%和22.40%,...     

饲料中添加合成虾青素对中华绒螯蟹成体雌蟹性腺发育、色泽和抗氧化能力的影响

采用在基础饲料中分别添加0、130和260 mg/kg的合成虾青素配制成3种粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量分别为42%和16%的等氮等脂的中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)育肥饲料(分别记为饲料1、2和3), 以中华绒螯蟹商业育肥饲料作为饲料4, 分别投喂4组雌蟹(每个饲料组3个重复水槽, 每个水槽中12只蟹), 进行为期60d的室内养殖实验, 以探讨添加合成虾青素对中华绒螯蟹成体雌蟹性腺发育、色泽及抗氧化能力的影响。结果显示: (1)实验进行到30d和60d, 在饲料中添加虾青素对雌体肝胰腺指数(HSI)和性腺指数(GSI)均无显著影响(P>0.05)。(2)性腺、肝胰腺和头胸甲中的总类胡萝卜素含量和红度值(a值)均以饲料3组最高, 性腺亮度值(L值)和黄度值(b值)以饲料1组最高(P<0.05); 饲料2组头胸甲的b值最高, 饲料1组最低(P<0.05)。(3) 饲料1组中华绒螯蟹血清过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著高于其他组, 饲料4组的过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、丙二醛(MDA)和乳酸(LD)含量最高(P<0.05); 肝胰腺中的SOD、T-AOC、GSH-Px和GR活性均以饲料1组最高, 饲料2组最低(P<0.05)。(4) 饲料2组血清酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性和血蓝蛋白(Hc)含量显著高于其他组, 其余各组间差异不显著。血清中的碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和γ-谷氨酰转移酶(γ-GT)活性和一氧化氮(NO)含量均以饲料4组最高(P<0.05), 肝胰腺中的ACP、ALP和γ-GT活性以饲料1组最高。综上, 在育肥饲料中添加合成虾青素对成体雌蟹性腺发育无显著影响, 但可显著提高头胸甲、肝胰腺和卵巢中的类胡萝卜素总量、色泽和抗氧化能力, 建议雌蟹育肥饲料中合成虾青素的含量为90 mg/kg左右。     

配合饲料投喂条件下日本新糠虾雌雄成体的营养成分比较

为比较配合饲料投喂条件下日本新糠虾(Neomysis japonica)雌雄成体的营养组成差异,本研究采用养殖实验和生化分析方法,测定和比较了日本新糠虾雌雄成体的常规营养成分、脂类、脂肪酸和氨基酸含量,进一步探讨了日本新糠虾雌雄成体对配合饲料中多不饱和脂肪酸和必需氨基酸的相对保留率。结果显示:(1)饲料中的粗蛋白和粗脂肪分别为40.48%和9.82%,高度不饱和脂肪酸(HUFA)含量和二十二碳六烯酸/二十碳五烯酸(DHA/EPA)的比值分别为27%和1.34,总氨基酸(TAA)和10种必需氨基酸(EAA)含量分别为38.80%和16.32%。(2)雄、雌成体的水分含量均在88%左右,雌体的粗蛋白、粗脂肪和甘油三酯含量均显著高于雄体,雄体的磷脂含量显著高于雌体。(3)除肉豆蔻酸和棕榈油酸(14:0和16:1n-7)外,雌雄成体的饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸组成接近,雄体的花生四烯酸(ARA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)、总高不饱和脂肪酸(∑HUFA)以及DHA/EPA的比值显著高于雌体,雌体的亚油酸(LOA)、亚麻酸(LNA)和亚麻油酸(18:4n-3)含量高于雄体;雌体的异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、苏氨酸、精氨酸、半胱氨酸、天冬氨酸、丝氨酸和谷氨酸含量显著高于雄体,雄体牛磺酸的含量显著高于雌体,雌体的必需氨基酸和所有氨基酸总量显著高于雄体。(4)雌体的亚油酸和亚麻酸的相对保留率高于雄体,而雄体的花生四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸相对保留率高于雌体;雌雄成体对各种必需氨基酸的相对保留率接近。综上,日本新糠虾雌雄成体在粗蛋白、粗脂肪、甘油三酰、磷脂、部分脂肪酸和氨基酸含量及重要脂肪酸相对保留率上差异显著,这暗示雌雄成体的营养需求有所不同。     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Uniform hypothesis of cell behavior--movement, contact inhibition of movement, adhesion, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, division, contact inhibition of division, fusion.

The cell has been represented as a charged liquid drop. Contrary to the DLVO-theory, the effect of the surface potential upon the value of the interfacial tension of the cell membrane has also been taken into consideration. The cell membrane has visco-elastic properties and its constituents may move against each other. Cell movement is caused by the appearance of a small number of the electrically charged constituents of the cell membrane on the leading edge of the cell. This produces a local decrease in the surface tension and the cell membrane expansion. At the moment of contact between two cells proton transfers occur between the strongly negatively charged microvilli of one cell and the body of the other, analogous to a condenser breakdown. This, through the effect on the surface tension, causes contact inhibition of movement. The distribution of the proton dissociable groups modifies the interaction between the cells (differentiation) and between the cell and the substratum (adhesion). Adsorption of the charged compounds at the surface of the cell membrane, decreasing the surface potential and increasing the surface tension, causes the phenomena of chemotaxis, phagocytosis and pinocytosis. Cell division, considered in the terms of the surface energy, requires an adequate supply of considerable quantities of energy inversely proportional to the surface potential value. In case of a reduction of the distance between the cells, their surface potential and the energetic barrier of the cell division processes increases, and causes contact inhibition of cell division. Due to their high charge, division of neoplastic cells is inhibited much later than division of normal cells, or is completely ininhibited due to geometric conditions. Fusion of the cell membrane in the intra-cellular and intercellular processes is a reverse process in relation to the cell division.     

The effect of malathion,diazinon, and various concentrations of zinc,copper, nickel,lead, iron,and mercury on fish

Acute and chronic toxicity tests for malathion, diazinon, copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and iron (Fe) were conducted. Mortalities ofBarilius vagra andCyprinus carpio (common carp) were variable but LC50-96 hr were similar for pesticides. AdultB. vagra seem to be more sensitive to malathion than juvenile carp. Both juvenile carp and adultB. vagra were extremely sensitive to diazinon. Long-term exposure to pesticides modified morphology and behavior. The LC50-96 values for Cu, Hg, and Pb were 0.3, 0.16, and 0.44, respectively, for smaller fish and 1.0, 0.77, and 1.33, respectively, for larger fish. Replicate LC50 values for Zn, Ni, and Fe were somewhat variable, and for these metals, the size of the fish seemed to affect response because LC50 values increased as fish size increased. Cooper, Pb, Zn, and Fe residues following exposure to sublethal concentrations of these metals for 15 d were significantly greater in whole juvenile common carp than in controls.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Further studies of the sieve-element plastids of theCaryophyllales includingBarbeuia,Corrigiola, Lyallia,Microtea, Sarcobatus,andTelephium

The sieve-element plastids of 69 species of theCaryophyllales were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. All contained the specific subtype-P3 plastids characterized by a peripheral ring of protein filaments. The presence or absence of an additional central protein crystal and their shape being either polygonal or globular as well as the average sizes of the sieve-element plastids are useful features in the characterization of some families.—Barbeuia contains sieve-element plastids that confirm its placement within thePhytolaccaceae. Lyallia differs fromHectorella by including small starch grains in their sieve-element plastids, which otherwise by their globular crystals negate a closer connection to theCaryophyllaceae. The lack of a central protein crystal in its form-P3fs plastids placesMicrotea best within theChenopodiaceae. Sarcobatus, a so far uncontested member of theChenopodiaceae, contains form-P3cf plastids, i.e., including a central crystal not found elsewhere in this family.Telephium andCorrigiola, shifted back and forth betweenMolluginaceae andCaryophyllaceae, have form-P3cf(s) plastids with a polygonal crystal which favor their placement within theCaryophyllaceae.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Translocation of radionuclides of Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Y, Tc, and Re into organs of tomato plant via roots

The translocation of the radionuclides of Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Y, Tc, and Re into red and green fruits, flesh, seeds, rind, calyxes, flower, leaves, and stems via the root of the tomato plant at two different growth stages was studied by a multitracer technique. The contents (%/g) of Co, Zn, Se, and Y in the roots were the highest among the organs, but only small amounts of them were translocated into the aerial parts after 5 d cultivation with a multitracer. In contrast, Rb, Tc, and Re showed rapid translocation into the stems and leaves from the root. In the plants cultivated for 95 d with a multitracer, Zn, Se, and Rb distributed in all of the organs, Co in the organs except for flowers, and Y, Tc, and Re in the limited organs. The translocation ratio of the elements for the edible part of the plants cultivated for 95 d decreased in the order of Rb>Zn>Co≈Se>Tc≈Y>Re. The transfer factor of the elements for tomato fruit was determined to be in the range of 10⁻⁵–10⁻². The characteristic translocation behavior of the elements gives us fundamental information on the assessment of pollutant uptake by the tomato plant.