粘红酵母发酵生产类胡萝卜素培养条件的优化

目的是通过测定不同条件下类胡萝卜素的产量找出粘红酵母发酵生产类胡萝卜素的最优条件。探讨了不同碳源、氮源对粘红酵母菌体生长和色素形成的影响,并通过正交实验确定了最佳条件组合。实验结果表明,最适发酵培养条件为：蔗糖40g/L、酵母粉20g/L、转速150r/min、装液量30mL/500mL、发酵时间84h。在此条件下,粘红酵母摇瓶发酵的生物量、类胡萝卜素含量及产量分别达15.17g/L、718.6μg/g、10.9mg/L,依次比初始发酵提高了1倍、7.4倍和15.8倍。发酵过程动态分析表明,84h色素产量达最高峰。     

高产洛伐他汀棒曲霉菌株的筛选、鉴定及发酵条件优化

从不同生境(食品、土壤、空气、有机质等)收集到的自然发酵样品中分离得到150株曲霉属菌株.用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法检测发酵液中洛伐他汀(Lovastatin)含量,筛选获得1株稳定高产Lovastatin的曲霉菌株(编号:Ac-32).根据菌落形态特征并结合18 S rDNA测序,鉴定其为棒曲霉(Aspergillus clavatus).通过摇瓶发酵单因素实验优化了碳氮源种类、碳氮源含量、碳氮比(C/N)、发酵温度、初始pH、转速、种龄和接种量,确定了棒曲霉菌株Ac-32摇瓶发酵产Lovastatin的适宜条件为:乳糖为碳源、蛋白胨为氮源、碳源含量为100 g/L、氮源含量为12 g/L、碳氮比(C/N)为15:1.8、温度28℃、转速180 r/min、初始pH 5.2、种龄4 d、接种量6%.采用Minitab 17软件的P-B实验设计法,筛选对Lovastatin产量有显著影响的因素为:温度、pH、碳源含量和氮源含量.根据P-B实验结果,运用响应面法分析,确定棒曲霉菌株Ac-32产Lovastatin的最优条件为:碳源含量100 g/L,氮源含量11.8 g/L,温度28℃,pH 5.2.在此条件下,Lovastatin最高产量为236.221μg/mL.     

内生解淀粉芽孢杆菌CC09产Iturin A摇瓶发酵条件优化

【目的】提高内生解淀粉芽孢杆菌CC09发酵产抗菌脂肽Iturin A的产量。【方法】首先采用单因子实验研究了碳源、氮源、NaCl浓度、pH、温度、转速和装液量等因子对CC09产Iturin A能力的影响,然后对其中显著性因子:氮源浓度、pH、温度及装液量4个因素进行正交实验,进一步优化发酵条件。【结果】优化培养基组成及发酵条件可以提高CC09菌株的生长速度及产Iturin A的量,其中可溶性淀粉以及一定比例的蛋白胨和酵母粉是CC09菌株产Iturin A的良好碳源和氮源;培养温度、装液量、培养液pH等也对CC09菌株产Iturin A有显著影响。优化后的培养基成分:可溶性淀粉(碳源)5 g/L、比例为3:1的胰蛋白胨酵母粉混合氮源15 g/L、NaCl 1 g/L;最佳培养条件:pH 6.0、28°C、摇床转速120 r/min、培养瓶装液量20%。【结论】在此条件下,Iturin A的产量可达到690 mg/L,较优化前的138 mg/L提高了4倍。     

紫色红曲霉Mp-24高产Monacolin K发酵工艺响应面优化

将单因素实验结果与响应面法相结合,对高产Monacolin K的紫色红曲霉Mp-24菌株进行发酵工艺条件优化。通过摇瓶发酵对碳源、氮源、碳源含量、氮源含量、培养时间等进行单因素优化,确定Mp-24菌株摇瓶发酵适宜条件：乳糖为碳源、酵母膏为氮源、碳源含量7%、氮源含量2%、培养时间12 d,Monacolin K产量为167 mg/L。应用Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计建立数学模型,进行响应面分析优化发酵条件,结果显示最佳发酵工艺条件为：碳源(乳糖)8%,氮源(酵母膏)3%,培养时间11 d,在此条件下Monacolin K的含量达到247.8 mg/L,比优化前提高1.5倍。     

雅致枝霉TE7-15发酵生产γ-亚麻酸的实验研究

研究了温度、时间、碳源和氮源对雅致枝霉诱变株TE7-15的菌体生长、油脂积累及GLA合成的影响,确定了TE7-15菌株适宜的摇瓶发酵培养条件,使其菌体生物量达到19.04g/L,GLA产量达到1079.95 mg/L,可以满足工业化生产的要求.     

玉米原料高产γ-聚谷氨酸优良菌株的选育及发酵条件优化

以实验室筛选到的一株枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）B-1为出发菌株,采用紫外诱变技术对出发菌株进行反复诱变,得到一株能够利用玉米原料生产γ-聚谷氨酸的优良高产菌株B-115,摇瓶发酵γ-聚谷氨酸的产量由原菌株的12.5g/L提高到19.5g/L。再以该菌株为研究对象利用响应面法进行碳源、氮源、谷氨酸钠、金属离子等发酵条件的优化实验,经48h摇瓶发酵,γ-聚谷氨酸产量达到40.98g/ L。     

聚-ε-赖氨酸高产菌株的筛选及其发酵工艺的初步研究

利用亚甲基蓝平板初筛、摇瓶复筛,从土壤中筛选了一株聚-ε-赖氨酸(ε-PL)高产菌株,ε-PL摇瓶产量大于2g/L,经初步鉴定该菌株为白色链霉菌(Streptomyces albulus)。对该菌株发酵生产ε-PL的培养基成分进行初步研究表明:葡萄糖是最好的碳源,酵母粉和硫酸铵是最佳的复合氮源,在优化培养基下,ε-PL摇瓶产量达到3.9g/L。     

雅致枝霉TE7-15发酵生产γ-亚麻酸的实验研究

研究了温度、时间、碳源和氮源对雅致枝霉诱变株TE7- 15的菌体生长、油脂积累及GLA合成的影响 ,确定了TE7- 15菌株适宜的摇瓶发酵培养条件 ,使其菌体生物量达到 19 0 4g/L ,GLA产量达到10 79 95mg/L ,可以满足工业化生产的要求     

淡色生赤壳菌(Bionectria ochroleuca)Bo-1菌株产生抗菌物质的发酵条件优化

以淡色生赤壳菌(Bionectria ochroleuca)Bo-1菌株发酵液乙酸乙酯粗提物对水稻白叶枯病菌(Xanthomonas oryzaepv.oryzae,Xoo)抑菌活性为检测指标,采用单因素试验优化Bo-1菌株产生抗菌物质培养所需的碳源、氮源、无机盐;通过正交试验优化培养基配方和摇瓶发酵条件。研究结果表明,Bo-1菌株产生抗菌物质适宜的碳源、氮源和无机盐分别为淀粉、蛋白胨、MgSO4·7H2O;优化的培养基配方为:淀粉30 g/L,蛋白胨2 g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 0.5 g/L;适宜的发酵条件为:温度30℃,转速150 r/min,装液量80 mL/250 mL,pH 6.5。     

南极细菌Pseudoalteromonas sp.3-3-1-2产胞外多糖条件优化

利用单因子试验和响应面法对南极细菌Pseudoalteromonas sp.3-3-1-2产胞外多糖条件进行了优化。通过单因子试验确定菌株3-3-1-2产胞外多糖的最佳碳源和氮源分别为蔗糖和KNO3,其最佳添加量分别为40 g/L和10 g/L;最适培养温度为15.0℃;最佳培养基盐度和初始p H分别为4.5%和9;并确定了对产糖有显著影响的单因素——碳源(蔗糖)、氮源(KNO3)和温度。通过Box-Behnken进行试验设计和Design-Expert响应面软件分析,得到了菌株3-3-1-2产胞外多糖发酵条件的优化条件:蔗糖43.1 g/L、KNO39.6 g/L和温度17.2℃。在此优化条件下,菌株3-3-1-2发酵液的粗胞外多糖产量可达3.03 g/L。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.