大强度训练及恢复后大鼠红细胞变形能力和红细胞膜蛋白的变化

目的 :探讨运动对红细胞变形性和红细胞膜蛋白的影响及其相互关系。方法 :设计不同强度的训练方案 ,用激光衍射法测定红细胞变形能力 ,用SDS PAGE方法测定一定体积大鼠红细胞膜中的重要蛋白带 3蛋白 (band 3)和肌动蛋白 (actin)的含量 ,研究运动即刻和恢复后红细胞变形性及膜蛋白的变化。结果 :长期的运动训练会促进大鼠红细胞变形能力的改善和红细胞膜band 3蛋白和actin的良好发展 ,一次大强度训练会引起红细胞膜band 3蛋白和actin含量的减少 ,大鼠红细胞变形能力降低 ,一周和二周的大强度训练会提高恢复期大鼠红细胞的变形能力和红细胞膜band 3蛋白和actin含量。结论 :运动训练造成的红细胞膜蛋白含量的变化 ,导致了红细胞膜结构的改变 ,从而影响红细胞变形能力 ,可能是训练对红细胞变形能力的作用机制之一。     

杜仲绿原酸对高脂小鼠血液流变学作用研究

旨以研究杜仲绿原酸对高脂高胆固醇诱导的高血脂模型小鼠血液流变学的影响,以昆明小鼠为实验动物,随机分成5组:阴性对照组,模型对照组和低剂量(25 mg/kg BW)、中剂量(50 mg/kg BW)、高剂量(100 mg/kg BW)杜仲绿原酸组,每组10只.后4组饲以高脂饲粮,同时小鼠灌胃杜仲绿原酸4周,实验结束,分别测定各组小鼠血液流变学参数、血清和肝脏的抗氧化酶活性和脂质过氧化产物MDA含量及其总抗氧化能力和羟自由基清除率.高脂血症小鼠的全血粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、血沉、纤维蛋白原、红细胞刚性指数和聚集指数显著降低(P＜0.05),红细胞变形指数显著提高(P＜0.05),小鼠血清和肝脏SOD、GSH-Px水平、总抗氧化能力和羟自由基清除能力均显著升高(P＜0.05),MDA水平显著降低(P＜0.05).在高脂膳食条件下,杜仲绿原酸能有效提高血液的抗氧化防御功能(包括抗氧化力、抗氧化酶活性)、改变血液流变学参数等,降低血液粘度、红细胞刚性和聚集,增强变形能力,使细胞膜的流动性增高,其中以中剂量效果相对较好.     

缺锌对大鼠红细胞膜生物物理性质的影响

利用激光衍射仪,荧光分光光度法,ＥＳＲ等牲物理技术和缺锌大鼠模型,研究缺锌对大鼠红细胞膜生物物理性质的影响,实验结果表明缺锌使大鼠红细胞的变形能力增大,稳定性降低,红细胞膜脂的流动性和膜蛋白的运动性增加,支持了锌具有维持膜结构和功能和生理作用的理论;为膜结构和功能的改变是缺锌病理变化主要原因的假说提供了实验依据。     

克山病病区粮喂养大鼠红细胞膜脂流动性的变化

本文观察了低硒的克山病病区粮和克山病病区粮补硒后喂养大鼠对其红细胞膜脂流动性的影响。实验结果表明克山病病区粮喂养的大鼠红细胞膜脂流动性较正常对照降低,其原因可能与机体处于低硒状态下红细胞膜结合硒含量降低、红细胞膜胆固醇含量及脂质过氧化产物升高有关,克山病病区粮补硒后喂养大鼠,其红细胞膜脂流动性恢复至正常对照。     

高原低氧习服大鼠红细胞变形性的变化规律及其分子机制

目的：探讨高原低氧习服大鼠红细胞变形性的变化规律及其分子机制。方法：将健康雄性大鼠随机分为3组（n=10）：常氧对照组、急性低氧组和低氧习服组。模拟高原低氧环境对大鼠分别进行急性低氧和间断低氧习服,麻醉后心脏采血,分别测定大鼠红细胞变形性、膜流动性、膜胆固醇和总磷脂含量、膜磷脂成分的含量、红细胞ATP酶活性、红细胞内Na＋和Ca2＋浓度及建立红细胞膜蛋白质双向电泳图谱,寻找差异蛋白质点,对其进行质谱鉴定。结果：①急性低氧大鼠红细胞变形性、膜流动性、膜胆固醇和总磷脂含量、红细胞ATP酶活性均降低;红细胞内Na＋和Ca2＋浓度均增高;红细胞膜磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS）、鞘磷脂（SM）含量增加,磷脂酰胆碱（PC）含量降低;建立了红细胞膜蛋白质双向电泳图谱,选取7个差异蛋白质点,其中4个在急性低氧后表达降低。②低氧习服大鼠红细胞变形性、膜流动性、膜胆固醇和总磷脂含量、红细胞ATP酶活性明显均增高;红细胞内Na＋和Ca2＋浓度均降低;红细胞膜PS、SM含量降低,PC含量增加;上述7个差异蛋白质点中4个在低氧习服后表达增高,3个表达降低,质谱技术鉴定结果为补体结合蛋白、水通道蛋白、膜攻击复合物抑制因子、葡萄糖运载体、脂质移行酶、氨基磷脂转移酶、依赖ATP的翻转酶,其中后三个酶与红细胞膜磷脂翻转有关。结论：急性低氧引起红细胞变形性、膜流动性、膜蛋白质表达、红细胞ATP酶活性及胞内Na＋和Ca2＋浓度方面相应的改变;经低氧习服后,上述指标有所改善,低氧习服对急性低氧引起红细胞的影响具有一定的保护作用;红细胞膜上的3种蛋白质,包括脂质移行酶、氨基磷脂转移酶和依赖ATP的翻转酶在低氧习服改善红细胞变形性的机制中可能发挥重要的作用。     

肝郁脾虚证模型大鼠血流变及TXB2、PGFla的变化

目的:探查中医肝郁脾虚证模型的血流变及相关调节因子的状态。方法:采用慢性束缚应激+过度疲劳+饮食失节法建立大鼠肝郁脾虚证模型,测定大鼠造模三周、自然恢复一周时的血流变和血浆TXB2、PGF1a。结果:与正常组相比,模型组大鼠造模三周150/s、38/s、10/s、5/s切变率下的全血粘度、还原粘度均显著升高(P<0.001),红细胞聚集指数显著降低(P<0.001),红细胞压积显著升高(P<0.01),红细胞变形指数无显著性差异(P>0.05);血浆TXB2显著升高(P<0.001),6-keto-PGF1a显著降低(P<0.05),TXB2/PGF1a显著升高(P<0.01);模型组大鼠第四周150/s、38/s、10/s、5/s切变率下的全血粘度、还原粘度仍显著升高(P<0.001或P<0.01);红细胞聚集指数显著降低(P<0.001);红细胞压积与变形指数无显著性差异(P>0.05);血浆TXB2和TXB2/PGF1a显著降低(P<0.05),6-keto-PGF1a显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:肝郁脾虚证大鼠存在血液高粘和血栓易形成状态,恢复期血液高粘同时伴有扩血管因素的加强。提示肝郁脾虚证有血流...     

严重烧伤早期红细胞膜胆固醇含量及Na+-K+-ATP酶活性的变化

目的 :研究严重烧伤患者早期红细胞滤过指数 (EFI)与红细胞膜胆固醇含量、Na K ATPase活性的变化。探讨其在严重烧伤早期中的相互关系及意义。方法 :采用核孔滤膜法测定红细胞滤过指数 (EFI) ,用化学修饰电极法测定红细胞膜胆固醇含量 ,应用定磷法测定红细胞膜Na K ATPase活性。结果 :4 7例严重烧伤早期患者EFI较 6 0例正常对照组下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,红细胞膜胆固醇含量、Na K ATPase活性均高于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,且红细胞膜胆固醇含量、Na K ATPase活性与EFI呈密切负相关 (rcho =- 0 .871,rATPase =- 0 .80 1,P <0 .0 1)。结论 :严重烧伤早期EFI下降 ,变形性明显减低是导致血液粘度和微循环改变的原因之一 ,红细胞膜胆固醇含量和Na K ATPase活性的变化则是引起EFI下降、变形性减低的重要因素     

锌_7-与镉_7-金属硫蛋白对羟自由基损伤大鼠红细胞膜保护作用的比较

用电子自旋共振自旋标记物氮氧自由基硬脂酸和马来酰亚胺标记大鼠红细胞膜脂和膜蛋白,测定膜脂流动性和膜蛋白构象改变,以硫代巴比妥酸法测定脂质过氧化产物丙二醛含量．结果表明,锌7-与镉7-金属硫蛋白对羟自由基引起的膜脂流动性减低、脂质过氧化反应增强双膜蛋白构象改变有明显抑制作用,而且,前者的作用明显强于后者．     

高胆固醇血症家兔红细胞在交、直流电场中的电泳行为

本文对高胆固醇血症家兔红细胞在交、直流电场中的电泳行为进行了多指标测定,结果显示,高脂组与正常组相比红细胞聚集能力增强,变形能力及膜流动性下降,表明高脂血症可能较易导致血栓形成。中药有效成分8501有对抗高脂引起的红细胞上述改变的作用,提示8501可能对血栓和动脉粥样硬化斑块形成有防治作用。     

吗啡对大鼠红细胞膜生物物理特性的影响

为研究吗啡对生物体血液系统的影响,以大鼠为研究对象,分别培养了三周成瘾的吗啡依赖模型、体外吗啡作用和吗啡急性注射的模型,研究了吗啡对大鼠红细胞膜的生物物理特性的改变。作者采用新型激光衍射法测量了上述血样的弹性模量Ｅ和膜微粘度（μｍ）,同时通过ＤＰＨ标记的荧光偏振法测定了这些红细胞膜的流动性,还采用傅立叶变换的红外技术（ＦＴ－ＩＲ）测量了红细胞膜蛋白构象的动态变化,并对上述红细胞膜结构改变所引起的微观流变特性的变化进行了初步探讨。结果表明,大鼠对吗啡形成依赖会导致其红细胞膜流动性的下降,弹性剪切模量的升高和膜蛋白质二级结构的变化。而吗啡的体外作用和体内急性作用对大鼠红细胞膜特性的影响与吗啡依赖的作用相类似。由此我们推测吗啡对大鼠红细胞膜特性的影响可能不需通过受体,而是直接发生作用的。     

Beneficial influence of dietary curcumin, capsaicin and garlic on erythrocyte integrity in high-fat fed rats

In rats rendered hyperlipidemic by maintaining them on a high-fat diet (30%) for 8 weeks, inclusion of spice principles [curcumin (0.2%) or capsaicin (0.015%)] or garlic (2.0%) in the diet produced significant hypotriglyceridemic effect. Plasma cholesterol remained unaffected in high-fat treatment. Hepatic triglyceride content was significantly higher in high-fat fed rats, and this increase was effectively countered by inclusion of the hypolipidemic spice agents -- curcumin, capsaicin or garlic in the diet. The lipid profile of erythrocyte membranes of hyperlipidemic rats was similar to basal controls. An examination of the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes in various groups indicated that the red blood cells of hyperlipidemic rats display a slight resistance to osmotic lysis. Inclusion of spice principles [curcumin (0.2%) or capsaicin (0.015%)] or garlic (2.0%) in the diet, which produced the hypotriglyceridemic effect, appeared to beneficially correct this altered osmotic fragility of erythrocytes. Activities of ouabain-sensitive Na(+),K(+)-ATPase as well as acetylcholinesterase of erythrocyte membranes in high-fat fed rats remained unaltered. Activity of Ca(2+),Mg(2+)-ATPase in erythrocyte membrane was significantly decreased in high-fat fed animals, whereas dietary spice principles and garlic countered this reduction in enzyme activity. In the absence of any change in the cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio in the erythrocyte membrane, a decreased activity of membrane-bound Ca(2+),Mg(2+)-ATPase could have probably contributed to the accumulation of intracellular calcium leading to the diminished deformability of the erythrocytes in high-fat fed rats.     

有氧运动联合黑果枸杞对高脂膳食大鼠心肌脂代谢某些指标的影响*

目的: 研究有氧运动联合黑果枸杞对高脂膳食大鼠心肌脂代谢某些指标的影响。方法: 55只雄性Wistar大鼠经过适应性饲养4 d后进行20 min/d的无负重游泳训练,连续3 d,筛选淘汰5只不适应游泳训练的大鼠后,按体重以数字随机分组法分为5组:普通膳食+安静组(RDC组)、高脂膳食+安静组(HDC组)、高脂膳食+黑果枸杞+安静组(HDLC组)、高脂膳食+有氧运动组(HDM组)、高脂膳食+黑果枸杞+有氧运动组(HDLM),每组10只。HDM组和HDLM组进行6周每周6次60 min/d的无负重游泳训练。RDC组大鼠以普通饲料常规喂养;其余各组以高脂饲料喂养;HDLC组和HDLM组大鼠灌胃黑果枸杞,灌胃剂量为4.48 g/(kg·d),灌胃体积为5 ml/kg,其余各组灌胃等量蒸馏水。6周后,测定大鼠Lee’s指数,取血、心肌检测相关生化指标。结果: 与RDC组比较,HDC组Lee’s指数,血清FFA、TNF-α、IL-6、TC、TG、LDL-C,心肌FFA、ICAM-1显著升高(P＜0.01);血清HDL-C水平显著降低(P＜0.01)。与HDC组比较,HDLC、HDM、HDLM组Lee’s指数,血清FFA、TNF-α、IL-6、TC、TG、LDL-C,心肌FFA、ICAM-1显著降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);血清HDL-C水平显著升高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)。与HDLC、HDM组比较,HDLM组Lee’s指数,血清FFA、TNF-α、IL-6、TC、TG、LDL-C,心肌FFA、ICAM-1显著降低(P＜0.05);血清HDL-C水平显著升高(P＜0.05)。结论: 有氧运动和/或黑果枸杞干预能够不同程度改善高脂膳食大鼠脂代谢,降低肥胖引发的脂毒性。其中联合干预较单一干预更为有效。     

有氧运动联合破壁蛋白核小球藻对高脂膳食大鼠脂代谢某些指标的影响

目的：研究有氧运动联合破壁蛋白核小球藻对高脂膳食大鼠脂代谢某些指标的影响。方法：55只雄性Wistar大鼠经过适应性饲养4 d后进行3 d、20 min/d的无负重游泳训练,筛选淘汰5只不适应游泳训练的大鼠后,按体重以数字随机分组法分为5组：普通膳食+安静对照组（C组）、高脂膳食+安静对照组（H组）、高脂膳食+小球藻+安静对照组（HC组）、高脂膳食+有氧运动组（HM组）、高脂膳食+有氧运动+小球藻组（HMC）,每组10只。HM组和HMC组进行6周每周6次60 min/d的无负重游泳训练。C组大鼠以普通饲料常规喂养;其余各组以高脂饲料喂养;HC组和HMC组大鼠灌胃破壁小球藻1次,灌胃剂量为3.9 g/（kg·d）,灌胃体积为5 ml/kg,其余各组ig等量生理盐水。6周后,测定大鼠Lee’s指数,取血、肝脏检测相关生化指标。结果：与C组比较,H组Lee’s指数,血清FFA、IL-6、TNF-α、TC、TG、LDL-c,肝脏FFA、IL-10显著升高（P<0.01）;血清HDL-c水平显著降低（P< 0.01）。与H组比较,HC、HM、HMC组Lee’s指数,血清FFA、IL-6、TNF-α、TC、TG、LDL-c,肝脏FFA、IL-10显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）;血清HDL-c水平显著升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）。与HC、HM组比较,HMC组Lee’s指数,血清FFA、IL-6、TNF-α、TC、TG、LDL-c,肝脏FFA、IL-10显著降低（P<0.05）;血清HDL-c水平显著升高（P<0.05）。结论：有氧运动和破壁蛋白核小球藻干预能够不同程度改善高脂膳食大鼠脂代谢,降低肥胖对肝脏造成的脂毒性。其中联合干预较单一干预更为有效。     

Damage to the structure of erythrocyte plasma membranes in patients with type-2 hypercholesterolemia

BACKGROUND: Hypercholesterolemia may decrease the deformability of red blood cells which impairs their hemorheological behavior and promotes atherosclerosis.The study involved 60 hypercholesterolemic patients and 30 healthy individuals as the control group.METHODS: The membrane fluidity of erythrocytes was estimated by a spin-label method (5-doxylstearic acid (5-DSA)). The ratio of weakly to strongly (W/S) immobilized residues of erythrocyte membrane-bond maleimide-tempo spin label was studied in oxidative damage to membrane protein. Damage to erythrocyte proteins was also indicated by means of Na(+) K(+) ATPase activity.RESULTS: The membranes of hyperlipidemia (hlp) patients contain larger concentrations of cholesterol 2.16+/-0.24 than do those of the normolipemic individuals 0.31+/-0.24 (P<0.001). The level of Na(+) K(+) ATPase in the erythrocyte membrane from the control group was higher 103.4+/-1.3 (nmolPi/(mgproteinsh)) than in the patient group 93.6+/-3.2 (nmolPi/(mgproteinsh)) (P<0.001). The order parameter S 5-DSA in the control group was 0.745+/-0.009 and in hlp patients was 0.755+/-0.009 (P<0.001). The W/S ratio in the control group amounted to 2.00+/-0.09 and in the hlp patient group was 2.50+/-0.11 (P<0.001).CONCLUSION: Type-2 hypercholesterolemia causes changes in the structure and fluidity of erythrocyte plasma membranes since the excess of cholesterol affects the normal rheology of blood through its interaction with erythrocytes. It also impairs the function and structure of plasma membrane proteins.     

Effects of excessive copper intake on hematological and hemorheological parameters

Copper plays an important role in the structure and function of metalloproteins and in the absorption of iron. The present study deals with the effects of excessive copper intake on hematological and hemorheological parameters. Drinking water containing 250 μg/mL copper for a period of 9 wk, Wistar albino rats showed increased erythrocyte count, blood viscosity, and hematocrit values (p<0.05) and lower hemoglobin (p<0.05) than controls fed a normal diet. The two groups also had differences in the erythrocyte deformability index. The results suggest that excessive copper intake results in hematological and hemorheological changes affecting both the protein content of the erythrocyte membrane and heme synthesis.     

Membrane fluidity and myotonia: Effects of cholesterol and desmosterol on erythrocyte membrane fluidity in rats with 20,25-diazacholesterol-induced myotonia and on phospholipid liposomes

Previous spin-label and electromyographic experiments with rats fed 20,25-diazacholesterol, an inhibitor of the biosynthetic conversion of desmostero[ to cholesterol, demonstrated an increased erythrocyte membrane fluidity and myotonia, a prolonged muscle contraction upon stimulation. The current studies with rats showed normal erythrocyte fluidity in animals fed 20,25-diazacholesterol but maintained on a high-cholesterol diet and no myotonia. Studies of model membrane systems composed of phospholipid vesicles containing desmosterol, cholesterol, or both demonstrated that desmosterol increased membrane lipid fluidity relative to cholesterol, suggesting that in 20,25-diazacholesterol-induced myotonia, in which desmosterot accounts for 85% of the plasma sterol, the increased membrane fluidity previously observed in erythrocytes and sarcolemma m this animal model of human congenital myotonia may be due to desmosterol.     

Membrane changes in rat erythrocyte ghosts on ghee feeding

Alterations in membrane lipid composition is known to result in functional and structural changes in the membrane, and dietary lipids play an important role in this change. It was of interest to study the influence of ghee feeding to the rat on membrane structure and function. The activities of membrane bound enzymes Na⁺ K⁺ ATPase and Acetylcholinesterase were studied as an index of membrane changes. Male weanling rats were fed 2.5% fresh or thermally oxidized ghee in the diet for a period of 8 weeks. The control rats were fed groundnut oil. A decrease of 28% in the membrane fluidity of erythrocyte ghost membranes was observed in the oxidized ghee fed group at 37°C, by fluorescence polarization measurements using 1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene as a probe. The activities of Na⁺ K⁺ ATPase and Acetylcholinesterase showed an increase of 65% and 200% respectively after feeding oxidized ghee (2.5%). Also changes in Na⁺, K⁺ and ATP kinetics were observed in these rats. Increased membrane lipid peroxidation (80%) and C/PL ratio (11%) in the oxidized ghee fed group was observed. Marginal changes in the fatty acid composition were also seen. Further, an increase in the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes was observed in the oxidized ghee fed rats. It is inferred from these experiments that consumption of oxidized ghee with the diet affects the erythrocyte ghost membrane structure and function at 2.5% level, whereas consumption of fresh ghee has no effect on the erythrocyte membrane.