情绪调节自我效能感对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者治疗的影响

目的:本研究探讨心理干预对患者情绪调节自我效能感的影响,分析情绪调节自我效能感对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者治疗和康复的影响.方法:1)实验分为干预组(实验组)和非干预组(对照).2)情绪调节自我效能感量表评定患者干预前后的情绪调节自我效能感.3)对心理干预组进行随访,使用理性情绪化疗法、支持疗法、情绪宣泄法、康复指导及疾病意外应对指导进行干预.结果:1)为其1年心理干预有效降低疾病复发率、住院时间和住院频率.但对急性发作治疗期的治疗影响不显著.2)心理干预有效提高患者的情绪调节自我效能感.结论:心理干预有效提高患者的情绪调节自我效能感,促进缓解期的慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的康复,并有效降低复发率.     

独立学院分子生物学引导式教学改革实践

分子生物学是生命科学专业的基础课程,但由于信息量大、知识更新快、生物大分子之间的作用关系错综复杂,使得该课程内容庞杂抽象、较难理解。学生在学习过程中往往感到十分枯燥,从而失去了学习兴趣,学习效率不高。生物科学教研室通过学业自我效能感评价,科学地分析出独立学院学生的学习特点,并使用信息化引导、双语引导、模块引导及互动引导等方式对分子生物学教学进行了改革。教学改革评价显示,此次教学改革提高了分子生物学的教学效果,增强了学生学习的主动性,激发了学生的科研兴趣,为分子生物学教学改革提供了理论依据。     

改良微格教学法对护理临床实习生操作技能培训中自我效能感的影响研究

目的探讨改良微格教学法对临床护理实习生操作培训中自我效能感的影响。方法选择2013年11月~2014年2月在我院实习的临床护理实习生100名,采用便利取样法分为对照组和干预组各50名,对照组采用传统教学法,干预组采用改良微格教学法,比较两组实习护生在生命体征、壁式氧气吸入法、肌肉注射及静脉输液四项操作培训干预前后的成绩,并采用中文版一般自我效能感量表(GSES)评价培训前后两组实习护生的自我效能感。结果两组实习护生在生命体征测量、壁式氧气吸入法的成绩差异无统计学意义(P0.05);干预组实习护生在肌肉注射、静脉输液及自我效能感分值较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论改良微格教学法有助于提高临床护理实习生的自我效能感及操作能力。     

不同护理模式在妊娠期高血压患者中的应用效果比较

目的观察不同护理模式对妊娠期高血压疾病(HDCP)患者的临床效果。方法选取临床上明确诊断为HDCP的患者120例,随机分为对照组和观察组各60例,对照组采用常规护理模式,观察组在常规护理模式的基础上给予细致化护理模式,分别采用自我效能感(CBSEI)量表、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对HDCP患者护理前后进行评分,分析比较两组患者护理前后自我效能感评分、SAS评分、SDS评分情况。结果两组患者护理前的自我效能感、SAS评分、SDS评分等方面差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。护理后两组患者自我效能感评分明显升高,SAS评分、SDS评分均明显降低,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。而且护理后,观察组自我效能感明显高于对照组,SAS评分、SDS评分均较对照组明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论细致化护理能显著提高HDCP患者的自我效能感、降低HDCP患者的SAS评分、SDS评分,缓解焦虑、抑郁情绪,值得临床推广应用。     

类风湿关节炎患者自我效能水平及相关因素分析

目的：探讨类风湿关节炎患者自我效能水平及影响因素,为科学的护理干预提供依据。方法：采用一般自我效能感量表（GSES）对随机抽样的267例类风湿关节炎患者进行调查。测定调查患者的自我效能水平。结果：267例类风湿关节炎患者自我效能水平较低。结论：多种因素影响类风湿患者的自我效能水平,这些影响因素包括：患者文化程度,收入,医疗付费方式,病程等。     

类风湿关节炎患者自我效能水平及相关因素分析

目的:探讨类风湿关节炎患者自我效能水平及影响因素,为科学的护理干预提供依据。方法:采用一般自我效能感量表(GSES)对随机抽样的267例类风湿关节炎患者进行调查,测定调查患者的自我效能水平。结果:267例类风湿关节炎患者自我效能水平较低。结论:多种因素影响类风湿患者的自我效能水平,这些影响因素包括:患者文化程度,收入,医疗付费方式,病程等。     

关于学生学习自我监控能力培养策略的探讨

学习自我监控能力是指学习主体对其所从事的学习活动进行自我调节和控制的能力。文章对学习中的自我监控能力进行了界定,并对其在学习活动中的重要性及发展规律进行了分析,旨在探讨培养学生学习自我监控能力的策略,为提高学生素质、实现教育目标服务。     

构建小组“自主合作”学习模式----彰显学生个性 焕发课堂生命的活力

构建小组"自主合作"学习模式,不仅仅是回归教育本位,更是实现学生综合能力的提高。其本质就是为学生提供一个自我成长、合作学习的平台。这种课堂教学模式的变革,能够最大限度地促进学生发展的功能,让学生充分发挥自学潜能,个性得到张扬,课堂上开展发展性的教学活动,极大地焕发了课堂的生命活力。这样既解决了各自的现有发展区的问题,又解决了最近发展区的问题,促使两种发展水平相互交替,教学与发展形成了良性循环。同时自主合作学习这一动态生成,让学生有惊奇感,永远保持对课堂教学的新鲜感。成为师生自我提高、发展、完善和欣赏的一种创造性劳动。这就是教学相长的真实写照,也是师生人生幸福的共同源泉。才能体现新型的教学观念,促进每一个学生可持续发展;才能彰显学生个性,让课堂充满生命的活力。     

老年性白内障患者生活质量调查及与自我效能感、自我感受负担和社会关系质量的相关性研究

目的:研究老年性白内障患者生活质量与自我效能感、自我感受负担和社会关系质量的相关性。方法:纳入我院于2018年8月~2020年12月期间接收的老年性白内障患者116例作为研究组,另选取同期来我院检查眼睛视力的100例志愿者作为对照组,两组均填写中文版低视力者生活质量量表(CLVQOL)、自我感受负担量表(SPBS)、一般自我效能感量表(GSES)、社会关系质量量表等评分量表。经Pearson线性相关分析CLVQOL评分与SPBS、GSES和社会关系质量的关系。结果:共发放问卷216份,收回有效问卷212份,回收率为98.15%。研究组的身体机能、精神心理、症状与视功能、社会活动、总分低于对照组,组间对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组身体因素、情感因素、经济因素、总分高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组个体对环境挑战的认知、个体对自我的认知、个体对控制感的认知以及总分低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组家庭承担、家庭亲密度、朋友关系、总分低于对照组(P<0.05)。Pearson线性相关分析结果显示,CLVQOL评分与GSES和社会关系质量呈正相关,而与SPBS呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论:老年性白内障患者生活质量较差,与自我效能感、自我感受负担和社会关系质量密切相关,应重视上述相关因素的改善,以提高患者生活质量。     

文拉法辛联合团体人际心理疗法对社交恐惧症患者心理状态、自我效能感和社会功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨团体人际心理疗法联合文拉法辛对社交恐惧症（SAD）患者心理状态、自我效能感和社会功能的影响。方法：选取2017年4月~2020年4月期间我院收治的98例SAD患者,根据奇偶数法将患者分为对照组49例和联合组49例。对照组给予文拉法辛治疗,联合组在对照组的基础上联合团体人际心理疗法治疗,对比两组SAD症状改善情况、心理状态、自我效能感和社会功能。结果：两组干预后社交回避、社交苦恼评分均下降,且联合组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预后焦虑自评量表（SAS)、抑郁自评量表（SDS)评分均下降,且联合组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预后表达积极、管理沮丧、管理生气自我效能感评分均升高,且联合组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预后社会功能缺陷筛选量表（SDSS）、社会适应能力评定量表（SAFE）评分均降低,且联合组低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：团体人际心理疗法联合文拉法辛治疗SAD患者,可缓解其抑郁、焦虑症状,提高自我效能感及社会功能,疗效较好。     

A Pain in the Fetus: Toward Ending Confusion about Fetal Pain

Are fetuses, at any stage of their development, capable of feeling pain? In his paper, ‘Locating the Beginnings of Pain’, Stuart Derbyshire argues that they are not. We argue that he reaches this conclusion by way of conceptual confusion, a misreading of the available scientific data and the inclusion of irrelevant data. Despite his assertion to the contrary, the work of most scientists in the area supports the conclusion that fetuses can feel pain. At the outset we examine the concept of pain and distinguish it from the allied concept of nociception, with which it is sometimes confused. With the relevant conceptual framework in place, we elucidate the problem of determining when, in its development, a human becomes capable of feeling pain. We then examine the available data showing how, on balance, it tends more to support than undermine the claim that fetuses of around 28 to 30 weeks' gestation are capable of feeling pain.     

Crowdedness Mediates the Effect of Social Identification on Positive Emotion in a Crowd: A Survey of Two Crowd Events

Exposure to crowding is said to be aversive, yet people also seek out and enjoy crowded situations. We surveyed participants at two crowd events to test the prediction of self-categorization theory that variable emotional responses to crowding are a function of social identification with the crowd. In data collected from participants who attended a crowded outdoor music event (n = 48), identification with the crowd predicted feeling less crowded; and there was an indirect effect of identification with the crowd on positive emotion through feeling less crowded. Identification with the crowd also moderated the relation between feeling less crowded and positive emotion. In data collected at a demonstration march (n = 112), identification with the crowd predicted central (most dense) location in the crowd; and there was an indirect effect of identification with the crowd on positive emotion through central location in the crowd. Positive emotion in the crowd also increased over the duration of the crowd event. These findings are in line with the predictions of self-categorization theory. They are inconsistent with approaches that suggest that crowding is inherently aversive; and they cannot easily be explained through the concept of ‘personal space’.     

Infants prefer the faces of strangers or mothers to morphed faces: an uncanny valley between social novelty and familiarity

The ‘uncanny valley’ response is a phenomenon involving the elicitation of a negative feeling and subsequent avoidant behaviour in human adults and infants as a result of viewing very realistic human-like robots or computer avatars. It is hypothesized that this uncanny feeling occurs because the realistic synthetic characters elicit the concept of ‘human’ but fail to satisfy it. Such violations of our normal expectations regarding social signals generate a feeling of unease. This conflict-induced uncanny valley between mutually exclusive categories (human and synthetic agent) raises a new question: could an uncanny feeling be elicited by other mutually exclusive categories, such as familiarity and novelty? Given that infants prefer both familiarity and novelty in social objects, we address this question as well as the associated developmental profile. Using the morphing technique and a preferential-looking paradigm, we demonstrated uncanny valley responses of infants to faces of mothers (i.e. familiarity) and strangers (i.e. novelty). Furthermore, this effect strengthened with the infant''s age. We excluded the possibility that infants detect and avoid traces of morphing. This conclusion follows from our finding that the infants equally preferred strangers’ faces and the morphed faces of two strangers. These results indicate that an uncanny valley between familiarity and novelty may accentuate the categorical perception of familiar and novel objects.     

From presence to consciousness through virtual reality

Immersive virtual environments can break the deep, everyday connection between where our senses tell us we are and where we are actually located and whom we are with. The concept of 'presence' refers to the phenomenon of behaving and feeling as if we are in the virtual world created by computer displays. In this article, we argue that presence is worthy of study by neuroscientists, and that it might aid the study of perception and consciousness.     

Effects of inhalation of essential oils on EEG activity and sensory evaluation

The purpose of this study was to investigate EEG changes in subjects directly after inhalation of essential oils, and subsequently, to observe any effect on subjective evaluations. EEG and sensory evaluation were assessed in 13 healthy female subjects in four odor conditions. Four odor conditions (including lavender, chamomile, sandalwood and eugenol) were applied respectively for each subject in the experiment. The results were as follows. 1) Four basic factors were extracted from 22 adjective pairs by factor analysis of the sensory evaluation. The first factor was "comfortable feeling", the second "cheerful feeling", the third "natural feeling" and the fourth "feminine feeling". In the score of the first factor (comfortable feeling), the odors in order of high contribution are lavender, eugenol, chamomile and sandalwood. 2) Alpha 1 (8-10 Hz) of EEG at parietal and posterior temporal regions significantly decreased soon after the onset of inhalation of lavender oil (p < 0.01). Significant changes of alpha 1 were also observed after inhalation of eugenol or chamomile. The change after inhalation of sandalwood was not significant. These results showed that alpha 1 activity significantly decreased under odor conditions in which subjects felt comfortable, and showed no significant change under odor conditions in which subjects felt uncomfortable. These results suggest a possible correlation between alpha 1 activity and subjective evaluation.     

Gut feelings: the emerging biology of gut-brain communication

The concept that the gut and the brain are closely connected, and that this interaction plays an important part not only in gastrointestinal function but also in certain feeling states and in intuitive decision making, is deeply rooted in our language. Recent neurobiological insights into this gut-brain crosstalk have revealed a complex, bidirectional communication system that not only ensures the proper maintenance of gastrointestinal homeostasis and digestion but is likely to have multiple effects on affect, motivation and higher cognitive functions, including intuitive decision making. Moreover, disturbances of this system have been implicated in a wide range of disorders, including functional and inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders, obesity and eating disorders.     

‘Community’ and the Re‐Making of 1970s Belfast

This article explores the fraught, shifting terrain of'community’ as lived out in 1970s Belfast. Applying Raymond Williams’ concept of ‘structures of feeling,’ it explores ‘community’ consciousness that is rooted in affection, sensation, and knowledge. It then considers campaigns against redevelopment in west Belfast at this time, and the ways they were inspired and limited by the contemporary experience of ‘community.’ Based on fieldwork, oral histories, and archival resources, the discussion proposes that political action in divided societies is not reducible to sectarian geography. Rather, it advocates analysing the historically specific contours ofnuanced emotional allegiances and spatial associations that motivate and limit political action, and attention to how social content and place figure in conceptions of collectivity.     

A risk shadow in Spain

This paper describes a period of intense risk construction in Spain. By autumn 2000 there was a coincidence of different alarming events affecting Spanish society and widely covered by media. A feeling of risk extended all around and the Spanish political agenda was, for a time, dominated by risk issues. This paper tries to establish how useful the concept of 'risk shadow' can be in order to analyse the construction of risk in a global context. The narratives of risk seem to give this phenomenon its cultural consistency, because more than a scientific fact, risk construction is a cultural matter.     

全景绿视率自动识别和计算研究

绿视率是用于绿色空间感知的直观评价标准,传统研究的绿视率多基于平面影像进行计算,不能完全反映三维空间中人对绿量的主观感受。基于全景影像,提出全景绿视率的概念,通过全景相机获取球面全景照片,将等距圆柱投影转换为等积圆柱投影,利用基于语义分割的卷积神经网络模型,自动识别植被区域面积以实现全景绿视率自动化识别和计量。通过比较5项卷积神经网络模型对绿视率的识别效果,显示出Dilated ResNet-105神经网络模型具有最高的识别准确度。以武汉市武昌区紫阳公园为例,对各级园路和广场的全景绿视率进行计算和分析。将卷积神经网络的识别结果同人工判别结果进行对比研究,结果显示：使用Dilated ResNet-105卷积神经网络对绿植范围识别的平均交并比（mIoU）为62.53%,与人工识别的平均差异为9.17%。全景绿视率自动识别和计算可以为相关研究提供新的思路,实现客观准确、快速便捷的绿视率测量评估。     

Feeling like a burden to others and the wish to hasten death in patients with advanced illness: A systematic review

Studies that have explored the wish to hasten death (WTHD) in patients with advanced illness have found that the feeling of being a burden may trigger WTHD. Research suggests that both the feeling and the wish are indicators of multidimensional suffering whose meaning may depend on the patient's biographical background. Therefore, we carried out a systematic review and meta‐ethnography. Fourteen qualitative studies, reported in 16 articles, met the inclusion criteria. The analysis identified two themes: the personal and social dimensions that could help to explain the feeling of being a burden in these patients. These dimensions reveal how this feeling is linked to physical, psychological/emotional, existential and social factors. The feeling of being a burden cannot be understood without considering patients’ personal interpretation of their dependency or care needs, and hence it is also necessary to understand their biographical background. Such an understanding is crucial to inform clinical policies based on the moral duty to provide all patients with humane care.