细胞工程与分子生物学相结合——野生稻优异种质资源利用的有效途径

野生稻是提供优异基因、拓宽栽培稻遗传基础的重要种质资源库。非ＡＡ染色体组型野生稻优异基因转移和利用的主要难点在于,与栽培稻的亲缘关系远及由此而产生杂交不实、杂种不育和后代难以利用等问题。细胞工程和分子生物学手段相结合,是实现非ＡＡ型野生稻利用的有效途径。原生质体融合可以克服有效杂交的不亲和性,花药培养能加速后代的纯合和稳定,分子生物学技术可以跟踪目的基因的导入,打破连锁障碍,促进有利基因的重组,提高材料的可利用性,并为目的基因的克隆提供基础。     

小粒野生稻导入系对稻飞虱的抗性鉴定与分析

稻飞虱是水稻生产最严重的害虫之一。野生稻拥有丰富的抗虫基因资源,导入系是鉴定和利用野生稻有利基因的有效途径。本研究通过对371份小粒野生稻导入系进行抗褐飞虱和白背飞虱接虫鉴定,分别筛选出了11份抗、72份中抗褐飞虱的材料和7份抗、45份中抗白背飞虱的材料,其中有5份材料兼抗褐飞虱和白背飞虱,这是从小粒野生稻中鉴定出抗白背飞虱材料的首次报道。通过对2份抗性导入系材料与感虫亲本杂交构建的F1和F2群体的抗虫鉴定和分析表明:K41对褐飞虱和白背飞虱的抗性受2对显性抗虫基因通过互补作用所控制;P114对褐飞虱和白背飞虱的抗性都是由1对主效的隐性基因控制。这些结果必将有利于小粒野生稻抗稻飞虱的基因定位和育种利用。     

细胞工程与分子生物学相结合——野生稻优异种持资源利用的有效途径

野生稻是提供优异基因、拓宽栽培稻遗传基础的重要种质资源库。非ＡＡ染色体组型野生稻优异基因转移和利用的主要难点在于,与栽培稻的亲缘关系无冢由此而产生杂交不实,杂种流通和后代难以利用等问题。细胞工程和分子生物学手段相结合,是实现非ＡＡ型野和稻利用的有效途径。原生质体融合可以克服有效杂交的不亲和性,花药培养能加速后代的纯合和稳定,分子生物学技术可以跟踪目的基因的导入,打破连锁障碍,促进有利基因的重组,提     

小粒野生稻与栽培稻杂种及回交后代的特征分析

小粒野生稻（Oryza minuta）,是栽培稻遗传改良的宝贵资源,本研究通过杂交和回交结合胚拯救技术获得了小粒野生稻与栽培稻的种间杂种及回交后代,调查了杂种与各回交后代的交配率和染色体数目,并运用175对均匀分布的SSR标记对双亲和92份二倍体的BC3F1植株进行了分析.结果表明,杂种F1,BC1,BC2和BC3的交配率分别为5.58%,0.11%,0.37%和1.62%;杂种染色体数目为36（ABC）,回交后代的染色体数目为24～48;小粒野生稻与栽培稻间SSR标记的多态性概率为93.2%;在92份二倍体的BC3F1植株中,小粒野生稻渗入片段的数目、长度、总的大小及其所占全基因组的百分数分别为24.1,17.8,438.4cM和26.2%.同时还评价了杂种和回交后代的部分农艺性状和对水稻白叶枯病的抗性表现.这些材料可以用于鉴定来自于小粒野生稻的有利基因和产量相关性状的数量性状基因座（quantitative trait loci,QTL）,为栽培稻的遗传改良提供新的操作平台.     

广东高州普通野生稻的研究进展

广东高州普通野生稻具有丰富的遗传多样性,是水稻育种的宝贵资源。本文就近几年来有关高州普通野生稻遗传多样性、生殖特性、有利基因发掘与利用等方面的研究进行综述,并提出进一步研究的设想。     

茶陵普通野生稻种质资源评价及其利用进展

茶陵普通野生稻在恶劣的环境中进化获得了许多栽培稻不具有的优良性状,是栽培稻品种遗传改良可以利用的优异种质资源。从野生稻中发掘和利用优异基因是当前水稻研究的热点。本文综述了茶陵野生稻种质资源评价及其抗病、抗寒等优异基因的研究利用情况,探讨了茶陵野生稻在今后水稻育种研究中的利用潜力,为更好地利用茶陵野生稻提供依据。     

广东高州普通野生稻的研究进展

广东高州普通野生稻具有丰富的遗传多样性,是水稻育种的宝贵资源.本文就近几年来有关高州普通野生稻遗传多样性、生殖特性、有利基因发掘与利用等方面的研究进行综述,并提出进一步研究的设想.     

有机大米产业化与野生稻种质利用

针对有机大米产量明显低于普通大米的问题,本文论述了有机大米产业化与野生稻优异种质利用的关系,分析了野生稻优异基因利用现状、目前存在的问题以及解决问题的途径。提出在有机水稻品种选育过程中,通过利用野生稻优异基因,提高有机水稻品种抗病虫性、抗逆性(耐寒、耐旱、耐贫瘠)和光合效率等特性,从而推动野生稻优异种质利用,提高企业经济效益,解决化学物质残留和污染等问题。     

云南野生稻中的抗白叶枯病基因Xa21的鉴定

水稻白叶枯病是水稻生产上的主要细菌病害之一。从野生稻中发掘优异的水稻白叶枯病抗性材料,可以拓宽栽培稻抗白叶枯病遗传基础。经过温室接菌鉴定和PCR标记分析,对云南野生稻进行Xa21基因的检测鉴定。温室接菌鉴定表明,云南野生稻对广谱致病小种PX099及云南强致病菌Y8具有较好的抗性能力,特别是疣粒野生稻对致病菌株达到免疫程度;PCR标记分析表明,云南野生稻不含有Xa21基因,但含有与Xa21基因某些区域同源的片段。本研究结果为寻找新的抗源材料及快速发掘利用云南野生稻中的抗白叶枯病基因提供理论依据。     

野生稻优异基因分子标记定位与利用研究进展

对野生稻中抗(耐)生物胁迫和非生物胁迫等许多有用的遗传性状,抗病虫、耐非生物胁迫环境、高产和细胞质雄性不育恢复等优异基因的分子标记定位研究进行了综述,评价了野生稻中的这些优异基因的利用现状及其应用前景。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.