氧化苦参碱的提取分离及对小鼠的毒性研究

采用酸性乙醇提取、硅胶柱层析分离、乙醚分级沉淀、丙酮重结晶的方法从苦参中分离到氧化苦参碱单体。对小鼠的毒性测定表明,试鼠的死亡主要集中在48 h内,48 h后无试鼠的死亡现象。小鼠对氧化苦参碱的耐受量大于50 mg/kg,小于20 mg/kg,致死中量LD50为85.95 mg/kg,回归方程Y=-3.2664 4.2737X,LD50标准误差s=8.77。氧化苦参碱毒性较低,致死中量适宜,对试鼠有较好的适口性,可以作为杀鼠剂使用。     

中草药精油对蜜蜂狄斯瓦螨的熏杀效果

在实验室条件下测定10种中草药精油对蜜蜂狄斯瓦螨Varroa destructor Anderson&Trueman的熏蒸效果,通过测定中草药精油对蜜蜂和螨的毒性,筛选出具有杀螨活性而对蜜蜂较安全的中草药精油。结果表明:中草药精油对蜜蜂都有一定的毒害;而在对蜜蜂无毒性的剂量下,48h时茴香油、丁香油、肉桂油分别能引起92.5%、54%和12%的螨死亡,显著高于对照组(P<0.05);根据初步筛选结果,选择茴香油和丁香油进行进一步毒力测定,结果表明48h时茴香油对螨的LD50为0.949μL,蜜蜂的LD50为4.033μL;丁香油对螨的LD50为0.795μL,蜜蜂的LD50为1.965μL。茴香油在48h时有着较高的选择比(蜜蜂的LD50/螨的LD50=4.250);GC-MS鉴定茴香油最主要成分是茴香脑(占总成分的88.72%),丁香油的主要成分是丁香酚(68.28%)和石竹烯(20.79%)。可见,茴香油和丁香油在控制狄斯瓦螨的应用上具有很大潜力。     

蛇毒纤溶酶的毒理学研究

目的为保证临床用药安全,对蛇毒纤溶酶进行毒理学研究.方法急性毒性实验小鼠iv给药后,统计LD50及死亡率.亚慢性毒理学实验小鼠ip给药,家兔iv给药,观察动物的一般状态、死亡率、肝功能及血常规.结果LD50为19.30±1.77u/10g,急性毒性实验中,小鼠死亡时间在24～48h.亚慢性毒理学实验动物各项指标均正常.结论蛇毒纤溶酶的临床用量是安全的.     

薏米黄酒的急性毒性研究

目的:研究薏米黄酒的急性毒性,评价该酒的食用安全性。方法:以ICR小鼠为受试对象,一次性给予最大剂量,观察薏米黄酒对小鼠的急性毒性反应,测定薏米黄酒的LD50和最大耐受剂量。结果:小鼠无一只死亡,无法测出LD50,最大耐受量大于20400 mg/kg。结论:实验检测表明,该黄酒无毒,为薏米黄酒的应用提供了毒理学依据。     

薏米黄酒的急性毒性研究

目的：研究薏米黄酒的急性毒性,评价该酒的食用安全性。方法：以ICR小鼠为受试对象,一次性给予最大剂量,观察薏米黄酒对小鼠的急性毒性反应,测定薏米黄酒的LD50和最大耐受剂量。结果：小鼠无一只死亡,无法测出LD50,最大耐受量大于20400 mg/kg。结论：实验检测表明,该黄酒无毒,为薏米黄酒的应用提供了毒理学依据。     

三叶木通果实对小鼠急性毒性的初步研究

以三叶木通（Akebia trifoliata）果实为试材,选取体重20～23g的昆明种小鼠作为试验对象,分别研究果皮、果肉、种子对小鼠的急性毒性效应。结果表明,三叶木通果实的果皮、果肉对小鼠无毒,果皮滤液的最大耐受量大于50g／k,果肉的最大耐受量大于100g／kg。而种子与蒸馏水1：1的混悬液却对小鼠有毒,LD50=12．83g／kg。灌胃后,绝大多数小鼠5～10min内自发活动减少,呈嗜睡状态,1～2h死亡,死亡前少数有轻度惊厥（后肢向后伸）,呼吸先停,随后心跳停止;未死亡小鼠中毒症状持续约3—4h,随后小鼠的饮食、活动恢复正常。     

栽培型和野生型黄花蒿提取物对朱砂叶螨杀螨活性比较

研究了野生型和栽培型黄花蒿叶丙酮提取物对朱砂叶螨的生物活性.结果表明:栽培型和野生型48 h的LC50分别为0.295和0.567 mg·ml-1,以栽培型的杀螨毒力较高;对2种提取物进行柱层析分离,野生型最终分离出19个馏分,栽培型分离出17个馏分,其中野生型的第11馏分与栽培型的第13馏分的杀螨活性在2.5 mg·ml-1,处理48 h的校正死亡率均为100%,与其他组分存在显著性差异;将杀螨活性较好的馏分进行毒力测定得出,处理48 h,野生型馏分11的LC50为0.120 mg·ml-1;栽培型馏分10、12和13的LC50分别为0.144、0.163和0.117 mg·ml-1.表明栽培型黄花蒿叶丙酮提取物对朱砂叶螨的触杀活性优于野生型.     

KM小鼠呼吸器官参数及气管注射耐受量的测定

目的了解小鼠呼吸器官参数和对气管内注射的耐受性.方法将230只不同体重段的KM小鼠分组,分别气管内注射不同容量的生理氯化钠溶液,急性观察动物的反应,24 h内未死亡判为存活,测定不同体重段小鼠气管内注射容量的LD50和呼吸器官参数.结果体重段为18.0～22.0 g、22.1～26.0 g 、26.1～30.0 g和30.1～34.0 g的KM小鼠LD50分别为2.449 mL/kg、3.811 mL/kg、4.556 mL/kg和4.333 mL/kg.结论 KM小鼠的体重越小,单位体重对气管内注射的耐受量越小,体重26.0 g以上的小鼠对气管内注射的耐受量趋于稳定.     

几种杀虫剂对西花蓟马的室内毒力

用浸渍法进行了7种杀虫剂对西花蓟马成虫和若虫的室内毒力测定。结果表明,多杀霉素(48 h)、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(48 h)、阿维菌素(48 h)、辛硫磷(24 h)对西花蓟马成虫的LC50值为0.0544-3.1573 mg.L-1,对西花蓟马若虫的LC50值为0.0219-1.0905 mg.L-1,是防治西花蓟马的较好药剂。     

苦参碱对小鼠S_(180)肉瘤细胞凋亡及对FAS/FASL信号途径的影响

本研究探讨苦参碱对肉瘤小鼠肿瘤生长和凋亡的影响,及其对FAS/FASL信号途径的影响。建立S_(180)肉瘤小鼠模型,30只小鼠分为5组,每组6只,分为对照组,10 mg/kg苦参碱、25 mg/kg苦参碱、50 mg/kg苦参碱和5 mg/kg顺铂,对照组采用生理盐水灌胃,苦参碱组采用不同浓度苦参碱灌胃,顺铂组顺铂腹腔注射3天,饲养12天后取出瘤体,测定瘤体重量。TUNEL法检测肿瘤组织凋亡,测定Caspase-8活性,免疫组化检测FAS/FASL,Western blot检测FAS/FASL和Caspase-8蛋白表达。与对照组相比,10、25、50 mg/kg苦参碱组瘤体重量显著减小,瘤体细胞凋亡率显著增加,均具有显著统计学差异(P0.01),且具有浓度依赖性。与对照组相比,10、25、50 mg/kg苦参碱组瘤体组织Caspase-8活性显著增加,FAS/FASL及Caspase-8蛋白表达增加,均具有显著统计学差异(P0.01),且这些作用与苦参碱浓度呈现正相关趋势。与顺铂组相比,25和50 mg/kg苦参碱组瘤体重量显著减小,瘤体细胞凋亡率显著增加,FAS/FASL及Caspase-8蛋白表达和Caspase-8活性显著增加,均具有显著统计学差异(P0.01)。苦参碱能够促进肉瘤小鼠肿瘤组织的凋亡,并且该作用与上调FAS/FASL表达及活化Caspase-8有关。     

高铜、高锌猪粪对蚯蚓的急性毒性效应研究

测定了高Cu、高Zn猪粪条件下Cu、Zn单一与复合污染对蚯蚓的急性致死及亚致死效应.结果表明,Cu、Zn浓度与蚯蚓死亡率显著正相关(a=0.05,r_Cu=0.99,r_Zn=0.99),与体重增长率显著负相关(a=0.05,r_Cu=-0.99,r_Zn=-0.96).蚯蚓个体对Cu、Zn的耐受程度不同,其毒性阈值(引起蚯蚓个体死亡浓度)分别为:Cu250mg·kg^-1、Zn400mg·kg^-1.LD₅₀分别为:Cu646.68mg·kg^-1、Zn947.38mg·kg^-1.复合污染情况下,Cu浓度为250、500mg·kg^-1时,Cu、Zn复合污染表现为协同效应;Cu浓度为750mg·kg^-1时,Cu、Zn复合污染表现为拮抗效应,可见,猪粪中Cu、Zn复合污染的毒性效应与各组浓度组合密切相关.     

半数致死量LD50的百分偏差和渐近方差

毒性试验中的剂量与致死百分率平方根反正弦变换仍呈Ｓ形,且方差趋于同质, 半数致死量ＬＤ_(５０)可表示为 Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ模型参数的函数·因而,通过参数估计值的偏差和渐 过协方差矩阵,可推导出半数致死量ＬＤ_(５０)的百分偏差,渐近方差和ＬＤ_(５０)的置信区间．通 过 ２７个实例分析后建议,若 ＬＤ_(５０)的百分偏差超过 ５％,则 ＬＤ_(５０)估计值的误差较大     

Biosystematic study of mice of the genus Mus: karyotype and electrophoretic analysis of total proteins

Two forms of sympatric mice are captured in North - Tunisia: long - tailed mouse and short - tailed mouse. They are often considered as two semi - species of genus Mus, respectively Mus musculus musculus et Mus musculus spretus. They have the same Karyotype (2n = acrocentrics). The electrophoretic study of total proteins, shows up genetics differences. These two forms of mice may be considered as two different species, as like as mices of Europe: Mus musculus at long-tailed and Mus spretus at short tailed.     

Morphological demonstration of the failure of Mus caroli trophoblast in the Mus musculus uterus

A histological study of Mus caroli embryos gestating in the Mus musculus uterus was undertaken at Day 8.5 of gestation, 1 day after such embryos are reported to be normal and 1 day before the earliest events associated with death of the xenogeneic embryos. In comparison to control M. caroli embryos recovered from M. caroli and to control M. musculus embryos recovered from M. musculus, the xenogeneically transferred embryos showed intrauterine growth retardation that was associated with trophoblastic insufficiency. Trophoblast cell degeneration was observed, in the absence of lymphocytic infiltration. Therefore, loss of trophoblast cell function rather than lymphocyte-mediated destruction of trophoblast appears to underlie the death of M. caroli embryos in the M. musculus uterus.     

五氯酚对斑马鱼胚胎的毒性效应研究

采用斑马鱼胚胎发育技术,对环境激素类物质五氯酚的毒性进行测定,结果表明,五氯酚(PCP)对胚胎的特定作用时间段是卵产出至发育6 h之内;PCP对胚胎发育有明显的抑制作用,会造成胚胎发育的畸形或死亡,不同时间染毒产生的可观察毒理学终点各异;随着PCP对发育48 h斑马鱼胚胎作用时间的减短,其致死效应敏感性降低,其中0 hpf组的LC0值最小,为70.8μg·L^-1,24hpf组LC0值最大,为831.8μg·L^-1;斑马鱼胚胎对孵化后0时染毒的PCP最为敏感,PCP对胚胎产生急性毒性效应的敏感指标:心胞囊肿、血液循环障碍、无心律＞孵化率降低＞停滞发育作用;斑马鱼胚胎最敏感的指标为48 h血液循环障碍和48 h半致死效应.     

Superovulation and in vitro oocyte maturation in three species of mice (Mus musculus, Mus spretus and Mus spicilegus)

Mouse oocytes can be obtained via superovulation or using in vitro maturation although several factors, including genetic background, may affect response. Our previous studies have identified various mouse species as models to understand the role of sexual selection on the evolution of sperm traits and function. In order to do comparative studies of sperm-oocyte interaction, we sought reliable methods for oocyte superovulation and in vitro maturation in mature females of three mouse species (genus Mus). When 5IU pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) and 5IU human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) were injected 48h apart, and oocytes collected 14h post-hCG, good responses were obtained in Mus musculus (18+/-1.3oocytes/female; mean+/-S.E.M.) and Mus spretus (12+/-0.8), but no ovulation was seen in Mus spicilegus. Changes in PMSG or hCG doses, or longer post-hCG intervals, did not improve results. Use of PMSG/luteinizing hormone (LH) resulted in good responses in M. musculus (19+/-1.2) and M. spretus (12+/-1.1) but not in M. spicilegus (5+/-0.9) with ovulation not increasing with higher LH doses. Follicular puncture 48h after PMSG followed by in vitro maturation led to a high oocyte yield in the three species (M. musculus, 23+/-0.9; M. spretus, 17+/-1.1; M. spicilegus, 10+/-0.9) with a consistently high maturation rates. In vitro fertilization of both superovulated and in vitro matured oocytes resulted in a high proportion of fertilization (range: 83-87%) in the three species. Thus, in vitro maturation led to high yields in all three species. These results will allow future studies on gamete interaction in these closely related species and the role of sexual selection in gamete compatibility.     

四种常用抗凝血灭鼠剂对两种家栖鼠实验室药效比较

比较了几种抗凝血灭鼠剂对家栖鼠的毒效。以常规浓度（溴敌隆０．００５％,杀鼠迷、杀鼠灵和敌鼠钠０．０２５％）的毒饵,对靶标鼠进行单笼饲养无选择和有选择以及围栏群养有选择摄食试验,用毒杀率和摄食系数评价毒效和适口性。结果表明：⑴实验鼠单笼饲养试验：溴敌隆和杀鼠迷对大白鼠适口性好,毒杀率高,敌鼠钠适口性差;对小白鼠的毒效和适口性,溴敌隆最好,敌鼠钠最差;⑵三省四地区的褐家鼠单笼饲养无选择试验,溴敌隆、杀     

Hemoglobin and oxygen: different affinities in two species of rodents (Mus musculus and Pitymys duodecimcostatus)

Five different hemoglobins have been demonstrated by polyacrylamide-gel disk electrophoresis in the species Mus musculus. Oxygen affinities of hemoglobin (P50) from Mus musculus and Pitymys duodecimcostatus hemolysates were determined at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C. Values obtained for delta log P50/delta pH in hemolysates from both species point out a more pronounced Bohr effect in Pitymys duodecimcostatus.