外源芦丁预处理对水分胁迫下玉米幼苗的生理效应

以玉米(Zeamays L.)品种'郏单958'为材料.采用营养液水培法,研究了外源芦丁(Rutin)对聚乙二醇(PEG)胁迫下幼苗叶片质膜相对透性、脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量及保护酶活性的影响.结果显示:(1)在15%PEG-6000胁迫下,玉米叶片的MDA含量、质膜相对透性、脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质含量均显著增加,保护酶SOD、CAT、POD活性显著升高.(2)一定浓度芦丁(>0.40 g/L)预处理可显著抑制水分胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片MDA含量的上升,降低叶片质膜相对透性,并诱导SOD、POD和CAT活性提高.降低脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质含量.说明外源芦丁能够提高玉米幼苗的抗氧化作用,缓解水分胁迫引起的膜脂过氧化,保护细胞膜免受或减少损伤·达到提高植物抗旱性的目的.     

干旱胁迫对大丽花生理生化指标的影响

以大丽花品种'粉西施'扦插苗为试材,研究不同程度干旱胁迫及复水处理对大丽花品种'粉西施'叶片生理生化指标的影响.结果表明:随着干旱胁迫程度的增加和时间的延长,大丽花叶片的相对含水量、水势和叶绿素含量显著下降;叶片相对电导率、丙二醛含量显著增加,质膜遭到损害,大量离子外渗,严重胁迫下质膜的损害最严重,复水后无法恢复到对照水平;可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量显著增加,脯氨酸含量在中度和重度胁迫后期增加显著,说明其对干旱亏缺的敏感性较低;可溶性蛋白呈降-升-降的变化趋势;抗氧化酶SOD、POD和CAT活性先上升后下降,3种酶对干旱胁迫和活性氧的响应存在一定差异,表现为相互协调的作用.     

水分胁迫对黄檗幼苗保护酶活性及脂质过氧化作用的影响

以轻度干旱、重度干旱和水涝处理黄檗幼苗,测定丙二醛(MDA)和游离脯氨酸含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的动态变化.结果表明,处理40 d以后,轻度干旱、重度干旱和水涝处理的叶片MDA含量始终显著高于对照,最高分别达对照的2.9、2.37和4.12倍,三者之间在处理80 d以后MDA含量差异不显著.水涝处理和对照的游离脯氨酸含量在处理期间没有明显变化,干旱处理的游离脯氨酸含量从处理后40 d开始增加、80 d后回落,重度干旱处理的增加幅度显著大于轻度干旱处理.SOD、POD和CAT活性的变化趋势缺乏一致性,但重度干旱处理的黄檗幼苗,叶片的SOD、POD和CAT活性在处理期间始终显著高于轻度干旱、水涝处理和对照.     

干旱胁迫及复水对不同黍稷品种根系生理特性的影响

以2种抗旱性不同的黍稷品种(‘陇糜4号’和‘晋黍7号’)为试验材料,采用盆栽试验研究了苗期中度和重度干旱胁迫后拔节期复水对其根系生理特性的影响。结果显示:(1)干旱胁迫引起2个黍稷品种根系活力明显下降,根系SOD、POD活性以及MDA、脯氨酸含量明显升高,而且重度干旱胁迫处理变化幅度显著大于中度干旱胁迫。(2)复水后,2个黍稷品种根系的各项生理指标均有不同程度的恢复,且中度胁迫处理较易恢复,重度胁迫下恢复能力很弱。(3)2个黍稷品种根系各项生理指标在干旱胁迫及复水条件下变化幅度不同,干旱胁迫下抗旱性强的‘陇糜4号’根系活力下降幅度明显低于抗旱性弱的‘晋黍7号’,根系SOD活性、POD活性、MDA含量和脯氨酸含量的上升幅度明显高于‘晋黍7号’,而复水后‘陇糜4号’根系的各项生理指标的恢复能力明显强于‘晋黍7号’。研究表明,干旱胁迫及复水条件下‘陇糜4号’均表现出较高的根系活力、保护酶活性和脯氨酸含量,且MDA含量较低,从而表现出较强的抗旱性。     

模拟干旱胁迫对枣树幼苗的抗氧化系统和渗透调节的影响

用不同浓度的PEG-6000对抗旱性不同的1年生枣树(Zizyphus jujuba)幼苗进行渗透胁迫处理后,研究了不同抗旱性品种枣树幼苗的抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量的变化.结果显示,干旱胁迫下3种枣苗叶片的相对含水量(RWC)均降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量和细胞质膜相对透性均增加.在30%PEG胁迫下除骏枣1号的SOD活性降低外,3个品种枣苗在干旱胁迫下SOD和POD活性都增加;狗头枣2号的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在胁迫下明显增加,而木枣1号和骏枣1号的CAT活性均随着胁迫程度的增加而逐渐下降;木枣1号和骏枣1号的APX活性随着胁迫程度的增加先增加后降低,而狗头枣2号明显增加.干旱胁迫下,除骏枣1号的脯氨酸(Pro)含量和木枣1号的可溶性糖含量在30%的胁迫水平下降低(P>0.05)外,3种干旱胁迫水平下3个品种枣苗的Pro和可溶性糖含量均增加.总之,干旱胁迫下,枣苗叶片相对含水量、抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT和APX)活性、渗透调节物质Pro和可溶性糖含量均为:狗头枣2号>木枣1号>骏枣1号,而MDA含量和膜透性均为骏枣1号>木枣1号>狗头枣2号,表明3个品种的抗旱性为:狗头枣2号>木枣1号>骏枣1号,研究结果与其品种的实际抗旱性一致.     

低温胁迫下菠萝幼苗生长与生理特性变化

以国内外10个菠萝品种幼苗为材料,研究了它们在低温胁迫下的生长及其渗透调节物质、细胞膜透性的变化特征,并综合评价它们的耐寒性.结果表明:(1) 随低温处理时间的延续,各品种幼苗单株干重虽然均呈逐渐增加趋势,但不同品种生物量增加幅度存在显著差异.(2) 随着低温处理时间的延长,各品种叶片脯氨酸含量和细胞膜相对透性逐渐升高;可溶性蛋白含量总体上初期升高后期降低,而‘巴厘'、‘珍珠'、‘台农17号'、‘台农19号'和‘MD-2'的可溶性蛋白在处理末期又有所上升;可溶性糖含量变化趋势复杂.(3) 低温胁迫处理9 d后,各菠萝品种叶片中的脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量及细胞膜相对透性均增加;可溶性糖含量除‘珍珠'略有减少外,其余均增加.(4)经过各指标赋分分级综合评价后认为,‘MD-2'和‘巴厘'品种耐寒性最强;‘台农17号'、‘台农16号'、‘巴厘突变体'、‘台农13号'、‘台农19号'和‘无刺卡因'耐寒性中等;‘珍珠'和‘台农6号'耐寒性最弱.研究发现,菠萝耐寒性强弱可根据干物质积累结合其它生理指标来综合评判.     

干旱胁迫对菜苔叶片保护酶活性和膜脂过氧化的影响

以3个不同耐旱性的菜苔（Brassica parachinensis L.H.Bailey）品种为试材,研究了干旱胁迫对叶片保护酶活性和膜脂过氧化的影响及其与抗旱性的关系。干旱胁迫条件下,菜苔叶片的电解质外渗率和MDA含量呈上升趋势,叶绿素含量、抗坏血酸含量和SOD活性呈下降趋势,CAT活性表现为先上升后下降。耐旱品种比不耐旱品种具有较高的叶绿素含量和抗坏血酸含量,具有较低的电解质外渗率和MDA含量;耐旱品种的SOD活性比不耐旱品种下降幅度小。轻度干旱胁迫下,耐旱品种的CAT活性上升幅度比不耐旱品种高;重度干旱胁迫下耐旱品种的CAT活性下降程度比不耐旱品种低。耐旱品种的POD活性在干旱条件下先上升而后降低,不耐品种的POD活性处于下降趋势。干旱6d后,耐旱品种的SOD、CAT和POD活性显著高于不耐旱品种。     

外源GSH对盐胁迫下番茄幼苗生长及抗逆生理指标的影响

采用营养液栽培法,研究外源谷胱甘肽(GSH)对NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗生长、根系活力、电解质渗透率和丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性糖含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响,为利用外源物质减轻盐胁迫伤害提供理论依据。结果显示:(1)NaCl胁迫显著抑制了番茄幼苗的生长、根系活力和SOD、POD、CAT活性,提高了电解质渗透率及MDA、Pro、可溶性糖含量;(2)外源喷施GSH能够诱导NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗叶片抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT活性上调,电解质渗透率及MDA含量下降,Pro和可溶性糖含量恢复至对照水平;(3)外源喷施还原型谷胱甘肽抑制剂(BSO)使NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗的根系活力以及抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT活性下降,脯氨酸含量提高;(4)喷施GSH可诱导BSO和NaCl共处理番茄植株的根系活力、SOD、POD、CAT活性提高,MDA和Pro含量降低。研究表明,外源GSH可通过提高促进盐胁迫下番茄幼苗植株渗透调节能力及清除活性氧的酶促系统的防御能力、降低细胞膜脂过氧化程度、保护膜结构的完整性,从而有效缓解NaCl胁迫对番茄幼苗生长的抑制,提高其耐盐性。     

24-表油菜素内酯预处理对干旱胁迫下葡萄幼苗抗氧化系统和渗透调节物质的影响

以酿酒葡萄‘雷司令’(Riesling)一年生营养袋扦插苗为材料,采用人工气候室水培试验,考察在聚乙二醇6000(PEG)模拟干旱条件下,不同浓度(0.05、0.10和0.20mg/L)24-表油菜素内酯(EBR)预处理对‘雷司令’幼苗活性氧、抗氧化物质、渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶活性的影响,以揭示EBR预处理对干旱胁迫下葡萄幼苗的抗旱机理。结果显示:(1)与正常生长(对照)相比,干旱胁迫显著提高葡萄幼苗叶片中超氧阴离子自由基(■)、过氧化氢(H_2O_2)和丙二醛(MDA)含量;与干旱胁迫处理(PEG)相比,不同浓度EBR预处理均可降低叶片中■、H_2O_2和MDA的含量。(2)与对照相比,PEG处理显著降低葡萄幼苗叶片的抗坏血酸(AsA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量;与PEG处理相比,各浓度EBR预处理均可显著提高葡萄叶片AsA与GSH的含量,且以0.10mg/LEBR处理效果最好。(3)随着干旱胁迫时间的延长,葡萄幼苗叶片中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)与抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性均呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,而在正常生长条件下酶活性基本保持不变;EBR预处理的葡萄叶片SOD、CAT、POD和APX活性均始终高于同期PEG处理。(4)PEG处理条件下,渗透调节物质脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白的含量整体高于对照;与PEG处理相比,不同浓度EBR预处理在干旱胁迫中后期均能显著提高葡萄叶片中脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量。研究表明,在干旱胁迫下,外源EBR预处理能够提高葡萄叶片抗氧化系统酶活性和渗透调节物质含量,有效降低干旱胁迫诱导的活性氧过度积累及膜脂过氧化程度,提高葡萄幼苗的抗旱能力,且以0.10mg/L EBR处理效果最佳。     

冠菌素对玉米幼苗耐干旱胁迫的诱导效应

以玉米幼苗为材料,在20%PEG模拟干旱条件下,研究了植物生长物质冠菌素0.001~1.0μmol?L-1处理时叶片水分状况及其脯氨酸、可溶性糖、MDA含量及抗氧化酶活性.实验表明,在干旱胁迫条件下,低浓度(0.01μmol?L-1)的冠菌素处理能显著降低干旱胁迫下叶片水势,并显著提高玉米幼苗叶片相对含水量、可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸的含量;同时能显著提高玉米叶片中POD、CAT和APX的活性(分别比对照高32.1%、13.8%和29.5%),而对SOD和GR的活性无显著影响;此时叶片中MDA的含量显著比对照降低11.6%,能够在一定程度上维持细胞膜的完整性.高浓度冠菌素处理(1.0μmol?L-1)下各指标的变化趋势则相反.结果证明,低浓度冠菌素(0.01μmol?L-1)能增强玉米幼苗耐干旱胁迫的能力.     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV