黑翅土白蚁踪迹信息素组分数量的柱层析分离和活性测定分析

本文分析了在活性限浓度进行生物活性测定时,黑翅土白蚁Odontotermes formosanu Shiraki对踪迹信息素的行为反应特点以及使用不同踪迹线载体对踪迹信息素活性的影响。并设计标准生物活性测试方法,测定了采用柱层析方法分离的黑翅土白蚁踪迹信息素各分离馏分的活性,发现黑翅土白蚁踪迹信息素用22%乙酸乙酯/正己烷洗脱液等度洗脱分离后的各馏分中包含两个强活性区段,推测黑翅土白蚁踪迹信息素至少包含2个有轻微极性差异的组分。     

七种抑制剂对两种白蚁谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性抑制作用的比较

利用分光光度酶动力学方法,确定了白蚁谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GSTs）的最适反应条件,并进一步研究了7种抑制剂对黑翅土白蚁Odontotermes formosanus (Shiraki)和黑胸散白蚁Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder GSTs活性的体外影响。结果表明：白蚁GSTs测定的最适反应条件为pH 6.5,温度25℃,最适反应时间2 min。黑翅土白蚁GSTs的米氏常数(K_mCDNB和K_mGSH)分别为0.11±0.02 mmol/L和0.81±0.16 mmol/L,最大反应速度(V_maxCDNB和V_maxGSH)分别为425.92±19.67 nmol/(min·mg)和534.86±39.05 nmol/(min·mg)。黑胸散白蚁GSTs的米氏常数(K_mCDNB和K_mGSH)分别为0.12±0.03 mmol/L和1.03±0.31 mmol/L,最大反应速度(V_maxCDNB和V_maxGSH)分别为544.39±37.19 nmol/(min·mg)和715.45±83.68 nmol/(min·mg)。浓度为2×10^-5 mol/L时,槲皮素和辛硫磷对黑胸散白蚁GSTs活性的抑制作用要强于黑翅土白蚁,对黑胸散白蚁GSTs活性的抑制作用分别为62.28％和44.89％,对黑翅土白蚁GSTs活性的抑制作用分别为54.96％和28.36％。高效氯氰菊酯、甲氰菊酯、啶虫脒和单宁酸对黑翅土白蚁GSTs活性的抑制作用要强于黑胸散白蚁,对黑翅土白蚁GSTs活性的抑制作用分别为39.43％,72.07％,52.24％和82.19％;对黑胸散白蚁GSTs活性的抑制作用分别为14.96％,40.23％,39.96％和57.80％。阿维菌素对黑翅土白蚁和黑胸散白蚁GSTs活性的抑制作用没有显著差异,对黑翅土白蚁和黑胸散白蚁GSTs活性的抑制作用分别为76.21％和76.88％。这表明两种白蚁对药剂的敏感性完全不同。实验结果还表明,在3.2×10^-8～2×10^-5 mol/L内,上述植物次生物质和杀虫剂对两种白蚁GSTs活性的抑制率存在明显的剂量-效应关系。     

黑翅土白蚁与其它二种白蚁种群间的相容性

将黑翅土白蚁Odontotermes formosanus(Shiraki)与另外2个种群的白蚁按一定比例放置于同一培养皿中观察其斗争情况,研究黑翅土白蚁与台湾乳白蚁Coptotermes formosanus(Shiraki)和黑胸散白蚁Reticulitermes chinensisSnyder的相容性。结果表明,实验一开始,双方的工蚁和兵蚁都立即进入激烈的嘶咬斗争,在不同配比下,开始5min内的斗争次数均在40次左右,5h后开始5min内的斗争次数陡然下降,几乎不发生争斗。各种群白蚁在其数量占优势的情况下均表现出显著的斗争优势;而在双方数量相当时,黑翅土白蚁工蚁的斗争能力明显强于另外2个种群的工蚁。结果表明,自然界中不可能出现黑翅土白蚁与家白蚁和黑胸散白蚁群体的偶然性融合,黑翅土白蚁很可能在其群体建立的地区中占据优势。     

三明地区林木白蚁种类、分布及危害的调查

在三明全区范围内设点普查,得知共有林木白蚁2科9属22种,其中中华葫白蚁、海南大白蚁、普见家白蚁、大头家白蚁、高山散白蚁为福建省首次发现危害林木。黄翅大白蚁、闽华歪白蚁、大近歪白蚁、歪白蚁、中华葫白蚁、小象白蚁、海南大白蚁、普见家白蚁、大头象白蚁、蛋头蔡白蚁、黄肢散白蚁、高额散白蚁、高山散白仪、细颏散白蚁、武宫散白蚁、尖唇异白蚁为本地区首次发现危害林木。三明地区白蚁优势种有黑翅土白蚁、黄翅大白蚁和家白蚁。黑翅土白蚁等白蚁对林木造成严重危害,已成为当前林业生产中的一大难题。三明地区林木白蚁区系分布有以下特点：1）林木白蚁种类多,分布广泛,危害较为普遍;2）土白蚁、大白蚁是危害林木的主要类别;3）全区范围白蚁发生情况是由北向南蚁种延增,危害趋重。     

利用放射性同位素碘标记法研究黑翅土白蚁的取食活动

前言 黑翅土白蚁Odontotermes formosanus(shiraki)是我国南方诸省的水库和堤围土坝的主要危害昆虫。蔡邦华等(1965)报道过黑翅土白蚁在大堤上的地面活动规律。本文利用放射性同位素碘~(131)标记法研究黑翅土白蚁在水库土坝上的取食活动量与温度和湿度的关系,为防治提供依据。 方法 在广州市郊区沙田水库土坝上的背水坡中位线上设引诱坑(40×35×40厘米),坑内层层置放黑翅     

氯化钠含量对黑翅土白蚁生存的影响

【目的】为摸清堤坝土埝中氯化钠对黑翅土白蚁Odontotermes formosanus Shiraki生存的影响,合理确定防治黑翅土白蚁危害堤坝的氯化钠含量值,确保堤坝工程安全运行。【方法】选取有黑翅土白蚁生存和无黑翅土白蚁生存两类堤坝的土埝,进行土埝中氯化钠含量的测试。【结果】有黑翅土白蚁生存的堤坝土埝氯化钠含量在0.02%以下,无黑翅土白蚁生存的堤坝土埝氯化钠含量在0.19%以上。【结论】研究成果对黑翅土白蚁危害堤坝的防治具有很好的实用价值。     

姜黄根提取物对苜蓿蚜成蚜有杀虫活性化合物的分离与鉴定

【目的】明确姜黄Curcuma longa根乙醇提取物对苜蓿蚜Aphis craccivora成蚜的生物活性和活性成分,并鉴定活性成分的结构,为利用姜黄根提取物研制新型植物源杀虫剂防治苜蓿蚜奠定基础。【方法】运用植物化学手段和生物活性跟踪方法,采用萃取、硅胶柱层析、葡聚糖凝胶层析,并结合薄层层析检测方法从姜黄根提取物中分离、纯化出对苜蓿蚜成蚜具有杀虫活性的化合物,并采用核磁共振和质谱对其进行结构鉴定。通过浸渍法测定姜黄根提取物对苜蓿蚜无翅成蚜的触杀活性,通过点滴法测定活性成分对苜蓿蚜无翅成蚜的触杀活性。【结果】姜黄根95%乙醇提取物对苜蓿蚜无翅成蚜具有触杀活性,处理后24 h的LC_(50)值为3 226.27 mg/L。从姜黄根中分离得到的活性化合物为芳姜黄酮,该物质对苜蓿蚜无翅成蚜表现出较好的触杀活性,处理后24 h的LC_(50)值为706.10 mg/L。【结论】姜黄根95%乙醇提取物对苜蓿蚜成蚜具有一定的杀虫活性,芳姜黄酮是主要的活性物质。     

泉州市白蚁分飞与气象因子的关系

白蚁分飞与当地气象因子有着密切的关系。本观察了黑翅土白纹,家白蚁分飞期与泉州气象因子中的气温,湿度,降水,日照,气压的关系,及其分飞的始期。高峰期和末期的分飞规律,黑翅土白蚊的分飞期从3月中旬始至5月下旬结束,家白蚁的分飞期从5月个旬始至7月中旬结束。     

白蚁初期群体的形成及其行为的观察

家白蚁Coptotermes formosanus Skiraki和黑翅土白蚁Odontotermes formosanus(Skiraki)在我国是分布广,为害大的二种重要害虫。家白蚁危害建筑材料、房屋、橡胶、塑料、地下电缆、尼龙等有机合成材料,部分金属和农林作物,危害涉及到国民经济各个部门;而黑翅土白蚁严重地为害堤坝,我国南方各省水库堤坝为害率达53—92％,严重地区发生漏水的占20％,为害农林作物亦很严重。对它们的生物学和生态学特性及防治方法,国内外已有不少研究报道,但对它的生殖行为、孵化、脱皮习性,目前尚少有较系统的资料。因此,本试验试图通过家白蚁和黑翅土白蚁初期群体的形成,进行较详细的观察,为深入探讨白蚁的生物学和生态学特性提供真实依据。     

合成黑翅土白蚁踪迹信息素类似物的生物活性

合成了黑翅土白蚁踪迹信息素类似物(Z,Z)-3,6-十二碳二烯醇-1（DDE-OH）,该类似物对黑翅土白蚁工蚁具有和信息素提取物类似的行为反应。活性反应阈值为10^-3～10 ng/cm,大于10 ng/cm时产生较强的驱避作用。最佳活性浓度DDE-OH与信息素提取物的活性反应之间没有显著差别。     

Physicochemical and biological properties of 6(1),6(3),6(5)-tri-O-alpha-maltosyl-cyclomaltoheptaose (6(1),6(3),6(5)-tri-O-alpha-maltosyl-beta-cyclodextrin)

A unique multibranched cyclomaltooligosaccharide (cyclodextrin, CD) of 6(1),6(3),6(5)-tri-O-alpha-maltosyl-cyclomaltoheptaose [6(1),6(3),6(5)-tri-O-alpha-maltosyl-beta-cyclodextrin, (G(2))(3)-betaCD] was prepared. The physicochemical and biological properties of (G(2))(3)-betaCD were determined together with those of monobranched CDs (6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-cyclodextrin (G(1)-alphaCD), 6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-cyclodextrin (G(1)-betaCD), and 6-O-alpha-maltosyl-beta-cyclodextrin (G(2)-betaCD)). NMR spectra of (G(2))(3)-betaCD were measured using various 2D NMR techniques. The solubility of (G(2))(3)-betaCD in water and MeOH-water solutions was extremely high in comparison with nonbranched betaCD and was about the same as that of the other monobranched betaCDs. The formation of an inclusion complex of (G(2))(3)-betaCD with stereoisomers (estradiol, retinoic acid, quinine, citral, and glycyrrhetinic acid) depends on the cis-trans isomers of guest compounds. The cis isomers of estradiol, retinoic acid, and glycyrrhetinic acid were included more than their trans isomers, while the trans isomers of citral and quinine fit more tightly than their cis isomers. (G(2))(3)-betaCD was the most effective host compound in the cis-trans resolution of glycyrrhetinic acid. Among the branched betaCDs, (G(2))(3)-betaCD exhibited the weakest hemolytic activity in human erythrocytes and showed negligible cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells up to 200 microM. These results indicate unique characteristics of (G(2))(3)-betaCD in some biological responses of cultured cells.     

Spectral and thermodynamic properties of Ag(I), Au(III), Cd(II), Co(II), Fe(III), Hg(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), U(IV), and Zn(II) binding by methanobactin from Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b

Methanobactin (mb) is a novel chromopeptide that appears to function as the extracellular component of a copper acquisition system in methanotrophic bacteria. To examine this potential physiological role, and to distinguish it from iron binding siderophores, the spectral (UV–visible absorption, circular dichroism, fluorescence, and X-ray photoelectron) and thermodynamic properties of metal binding by mb were examined. In the absence of Cu(II) or Cu(I), mb will bind Ag(I), Au(III), Co(II), Cd(II), Fe(III), Hg(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), U(VI), or Zn(II), but not Ba(II), Ca(II), La(II), Mg(II), and Sr(II). The results suggest metals such as Ag(I), Au(III), Hg(II), Pb(II) and possibly U(VI) are bound by a mechanism similar to Cu, whereas the coordination of Co(II), Cd(II), Fe(III), Mn(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) by mb differs from Cu(II). Consistent with its role as a copper-binding compound or chalkophore, the binding constants of all the metals examined were less than those observed with Cu(II) and copper displaced other metals except Ag(I) and Au(III) bound to mb. However, the binding of different metals by mb suggests that methanotrophic activity also may play a role in either the solubilization or immobilization of many metals in situ.     

Circular dichroism spectra of DNA quadruplexes [d(G(5)T(5))](4) as formed with G(4) and T(4) tetrads and [d(G(5)T(5)). d(A(5)C(5))]2 as formed with Watson-Crick-like (G-C)(2) and (T-A)(2) tetrads

We utilize electrophoresis and find that a thermally treated equimolar mixture of the oligonucleotide d(G(5)T(5)) and its complementary oligonucleotide d(A(5)C(5)) exhibits either two bands or a single band in one lane, depending on the conditions of the incubation solutions. The thermally treated d(G(5)T(5)) solution loaded in a different lane exhibits a single band of the parallel quadruplex [d(G(5)T(5))](4), which is composed of homocyclic hydrogen-bonded G(4) and T(4) tetrads previously proposed. For the thermally treated equimolar mixture of d(G(5)T(5)) and d(A(5)C(5)), the fast band is assigned to a Watson-Crick d(G(5)T(5)). d(A(5)C(5)) duplex, so that the slow band with the same low mobility as that of [d(G(5)T(5))](4) may be assigned to either [d(G(5)T(5))](4) itself or a [d(G(5)T(5)). d(A(5)C(5))](2) quadruplex. If the latter compound is true, this may be the antiparallel quadruplex composed of the heterocyclic hydrogen-bonded G-C-G-C and T-A-T-A tetrads proposed previously. After removing these three bands for the duplex and two kinds of hypothetical quadruplexes, we electrophoretically elute the corresponding compounds in the same electrophoresis buffer using an electroeluter. The eluted compounds are ascertained to be stable by electrophoresis. The circular dichroism (CD) and UV absorption spectra measured for the three isolated compounds are found to be clearly different. For the electrophoretic elution of the hypothetical [d(G(5)T(5))](4) quadruplex, the result of the molecularity of n = 4 obtained from the CD melting curve analysis provides further support for the formation of the parallel [d(G(5)T(5))](4) quadruplex already proposed. For the thermally treated equimolar mixture of d(G(5)T(5)) and d(C(5)A(5)), the fast band with a molecularity of n = 2 corresponds to the Watson-Crick duplex, d(G(5)T(5)). d(A(5)C(5)). The slow band with a molecularity of n = 4 indicates the antiparallel quadruplex [d(G(5)T(5)). d(A(5)C(5))](2), whose observed CD and UV spectra are different from those of [d(G(5)T(5))](4). By electrophoresis, after reannealing the eluted compound [d(G(5)T(5)). d(A(5)C(5))](2), a distinct photograph showing the band splitting of this quadruplex band into the lower duplex and upper quadruplex bands is not possible; but by a transilluminator, we occasionally observe this band splitting with the naked eye. The linear response polarizability tensor calculations for the thus determined structures of the [d(G(5)T(5))](4) quadruplex, the McGavin-like [d(G(5)T(5)). d(A(5)C(5))](2) quadruplex, and the Watson-Crick d(G(5)T(5)). d(A(5)C(5)) duplex are found to qualitatively predict the observed CD and UV spectra.     

Synthesis and luminescence properties of a blue-emitting Sr(3.5) Y(6.5) O(2) (PO(4) )(1.5) (SiO(4) )(4.5) :Eu(2+) phosphor

A novel blue‐emitting Sr_3.5Y_6.5O₂(PO₄)_1.5(SiO₄)_4.5:Eu²⁺ phosphor was synthesized via a solid‐state reaction. Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated that the Sr_3.5Y_6.5O₂(PO₄)_1.5(SiO₄)_4.5 host had a hexagonal crystal structure in the space group P6₃/m and unit cell parameters a = 9.418 Å, c = 6.900 Å. The as‐prepared phosphor showed a blue emission and all the main emission peaks were located at around 466 nm for different excitation wavelengths of 297, 333 and 391 nm. The temperature dependence of the photoluminescence property was investigated in the range 20–250 °C, and the emission intensity decreased to 71% of the initial value at room temperature on increasing the temperature to 150 °C. According to the classical theory of fluorescent thermal quenching, the activation energy (ΔE) for the thermal quenching luminescence of the as‐prepared Sr_3.45Y_6.5O₂(PO₄)_1.5(SiO₄)_4.5:0.05Eu²⁺ phosphor was determined to be 0.20 eV. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The frequencies of Gm(1), Gm(2), Gm(4), Gm(12), and Inv(1) in Hessen (Germany)

Summary The serum groups Gm(1) [Gm(a)], Gm(2) [Gm(x)], Gm(4) [Gm(f)]. Gm(12) [Gm(b)] and Inv(1) [Inv(1)] of 2000 sera of healthy blood donors from the land Hesse were examined. The results obtained were compared with those known until now. Three persons, not related to each other, possessed the extremely rare phenotype Gm(-1, 2, 4, 12) [Gm (a-x+b+f+)]. In 0.75% of the cases we found a discordant behaviour of the factors Gm(4) and Gm(12) [Gm(f) and Gm(b)].

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Zusammenfassung 2000 Seren von gesunden Blutspendern aus Hessen wurden bezüglich der Gamma-Globulin-Serumgruppen Gm(1) [Gm(a)], Gm(2) [Gm(x)], Gm(4) [Gm(f)]. Gm(12) [Gm(b)] und Inv(1) [Inv(1)] untersucht. Die gefundenen Resultate wurden mit den bisher bekannten verglichen. Drei miteinander nicht verwandte Personen wiesen den äußerst seltenen Phänotyp Gm(-1, 2, 4, 12) [Gm(a-x+b+f+)] auf. In 0.75% der Fälle fanden wir ein diskordantes Verhalten der Faktoren Gm(4) und Gm(12) [Gm(f) und Gm(b)].

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Director: Prof. Dr. W. Wachsmuth

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Director: Prof. Dr. W. Spielmann

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The nomenclature suggested by WHO at a round-table conference over genes, genotypes and allotypes of immunglobulins is used. The conference took place in Geneva on the 1965 31. 5. to the 5. 6. [5].

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With technical assistance of S. Mohs.     

New complexes of La(III), Ce(III), Pr(III), Nd(III), Sm(III), Eu(III) and Gd(III) ions with morin

New solid complex compounds of La(III), Ce(III), Pr(III), Nd(III), Sm(III), Eu(III) and Gd(III) ions with morin were synthesized. The molecular formula of the complexes is Ln(C₁₅H₉O₇)₃ · nH₂O, where Ln is the cation of lanthanide and n = 6 for La(III), Sm(III), Gd(III) or n = 8 for Ce(III), Pr(III), Nd(III) and Eu(III). Thermogravimetric studies and the values of dehydration enthalpy indicate that water occurring in the compounds is not present in the inner coordination sphere of the complex. The structure of the complexes was determined on the basis of UV-visible, IR, MS, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR analyses. It was found that in binding the lanthanide ions the following groups of morin take part: 3OH and 4CO in the case of complexes of La, Pr, Nd, Sm and Eu, or 5OH and 4CO in the case of complexes of Ce and Gd. The complexes are five- and six-membered chelate compounds.