PP333用于藻类培养影响异养小球藻的生长及蛋白质含量

用植物生长物质PS333处理异养小球藻,研究了PP333对异养小球藻的生长及蛋白质含量的影响,实验结果表明,PP333能抑制异养小球藻的生长,同时也能显著提高小球藻的蛋白质含量,选取适当浓度的PP333处理异养小球藻可达到小球藻的细胞密度较高,其蛋白质含量又接近自养水平的目的。用50mg/L PP333处理异养小球藻,摇瓶批次培养时,小球藻的蛋白质含量与生物量分别为47.88%和3.60g/L,而对照的分别为37.34%和4.21g/L,摇瓶分批流加培养时,小球藻的蛋白质含量与生物量分别为50.96%和6.97g/L,而对照的分别为38.56%和10.99g/L,蛋白质量促进率和生物量抑制率摇瓶批次培养时分别为28.2%和14.5%,摇瓶分批流加培养时分别达32.2%和36.6%。     

植物激素在小球藻异养培养中的作用

本文研究了几种植物激素对小球藻异养培养的影响。结果表明,IAA、IBA及6-BA三种植物激素均不同程度地促进了小球藻的异养生长,培养≤36h时,IAA或IBA以20mg／L的促进小球藻异养生长的效应最大,100mg／L IAA或IBA则抑制了藻的生长;>36h时,100mg／L IAA或IBA表现出促进小球藻生长的效应,并最终获最大净A540增长量;6-BA以0.1 mg／L的促进作用最大。IBA与6-BA组合同样表现出促进小球藻异养生长的效应,但并非IBA和6-BA简单的加合效应,5 mg／LIBA与6-BA组合的效应维持6-BA单因子的作用趋势,20mg／LIBA与lmg/L6-BA组合的效应大于与0.1mg／L6-BA组合的,100mg／LIBA与0.1mg／L6-BA组合的效应在≤36h时大于与1mg／L6-BA组合的,>36h时则相反。另外,高浓度IBA(≥20mg／L)与6-BA组合抑制了前中期异养藻对葡萄糖的吸收,但加速了中后期葡萄的吸收。再者,IBA与6-BA组合加速了异养小球藻对No-3的吸收。     

植物激素在小球藻异养培养中的作用

本文研究了几种植物激素对小球藻异养培养的影响。结果表明 ,IAA、IBA及 6_BA三种植物激素均不同程度地促进了小球藻的异养生长 ,培养≤ 36h时 ,IAA或IBA以 2 0mg/L的促进小球藻异养生长的效应最大 ,1 0 0mg/LIAA或IBA则抑制了藻的生长 ;>36h时 ,1 0 0mg/LIAA或IBA表现出促进小球藻生长的效应 ,并最终获最大净A540 增长量 ;6_BA以 0 1mg/L的促进作用最大。IBA与 6_BA组合同样表现出促进小球藻异养生长的效应 ,但并非IBA和 6_BA简单的加合效应 ,5mg/LIBA与 6_BA组合的效应维持 6_BA单因子的作用趋势 ,2 0mg/LIBA与 1mg/L 6_BA组合的效应大于与 0 .1mg/L 6_BA组合的 ,1 0 0mg/LIBA与 0 .1mg/L 6_BA组合的效应在≤ 36h时大于与 1mg/L 6_BA组合的 ,>36h时则相反。另外 ,高浓度IBA(≥ 2 0mg/L)与 6_BA组合抑制了前中期异养藻对葡萄糖的吸收 ,但加速了中后期葡萄的吸收。再者 ,IBA与 6_BA组合加速了异养小球藻对NO_3 的吸收。     

转兔防御素基因小球藻异养培养的培养基优化研究

在氮源种类筛选的基础上,采用Plackett-Burman实验设计并结合单因素实验对转兔防御素基因小球藻异养培养的培养基进行了优化。实验结果表明,采用优化后的Knop异养培养基在250mL摇瓶中进行异养培养,藻细胞密度从优化前的1.5g/L提高到优化后的5.11g/L;摇瓶和5L生物反应器异养培养表明,Knop异养培养基中藻细胞浓度分别为优化前培养基的3.39倍和3.17倍,而兔防御素(NP-1)表达能力基本不变。     

以异养细胞作为种子的椭圆小球藻产油脂光自养培养优化

异养细胞种子/光自养培养方法是一种可异养培养的能源微藻培养的有效方法,但已有文献尚未从工艺优化角度考察其发展潜力。为了获得较高细胞密度的用于光自养培养的种子和提高光自养培养的细胞密度与油脂产率,对异养细胞种子/光自养培养的培养基和培养条件进行了优化。结果表明,采用优化后的培养基,椭圆小球藻在摇瓶中异养培养的最高藻细胞密度可达11.04 g/L,比在初始培养基条件下提高了28.0%,在5 L发酵罐中异养培养的藻细胞密度达到73.89 g/L;在2 L柱式光生物反应器中光自养培养的藻细胞密度、油脂含量和油脂产率分别达1.62 g/L、36.34%和6.1 mg/(L·h),油脂成分主要为含C16-C18碳链的脂肪酸,是制备生物柴油的理想原料。经过优化,异养细胞种子/光自养培养这一方法能够显著地提高椭圆小球藻产油脂的能力,这进一步表明异养细胞种子/光自养培养方法有望成为可异养的能源微藻的高效培养方式。     

分批异养培养小球藻光密度值与干重的关系

在小球藻的分批异养培养过程中,培养液的细胞浊度（ＯＤ）与细胞干重（ＤＷ）的关系受培养条件和培养过程的影响很大,在实验中,干重与光密度值的比值在０．５３～０．２８ｇ／ＯＤ·Ｌ间变化。因此在小球藻分批异养培养过程中,培养液藻生物量检测采用单一的ＤＷ与ＯＤ换算常数用ＯＤ来推算细胞的干重则会产生较大的误差。     

热带普通小球藻培养模式的筛选及其培养基的优化

【背景】从海南热带海区中分离得到一株微藻,其生长速度快、适应力强,经鉴定该微藻为普通小球藻。【目的】提高热带普通小球藻的生长速率。【方法】以"宁波大学3#微藻培养液配方"为基础培养液,分别添加有机碳(C6H12O6和CH3COONa)对热带普通小球藻进行自养、兼养及异养培养,获得促进热带普通小球藻快速生长的培养方式。在"宁波大学3#微藻培养液配方"的基础上对热带普通小球藻的兼养培养基配方进行优化,并用优化兼养培养基与"宁波大学3#微藻培养基"对比培养热带普通小球藻。【结果】添加6 g/L CH3COONa的兼养模式促进热带普通小球藻生长效果最好;优化的兼养培养基配方为:6 g/L CH3COONa,20 mg/L(NH4)2SO4-N,5 mg/L Na H2PO4-P,3 mg/L Fe SO4-Fe,1 mg/L Vitamin B1和0.000 5 mg/L Vitamin B12。对比培养实验结果显示,培养第6天,兼养培养液收获的生物量(细胞密度)达4.20×107 cells/m L,是"宁波大学3#配方微藻培养液"的2.30倍。【结论】兼养培养模式为热带普通小球藻的最佳培养模式,优化的兼养培养基极显著地提高了热带普通小球藻的生物量(P0.01)。     

分批异养培养小球藻光密度值与干重的关系*

在小球藻的分批异养培养过程中,培养液的细胞浊度（ＯＤ）与细胞干重（ＤＷ）的关系受培养条件和培养过程的影响很大,在实验中,干重与光密度值的比值在０．５３～０．２８ｇ／ＯＤ·Ｌ间变化。因此在小球藻分批异养培养过程中,培养液藻生物量检测采用单一的ＤＷ与ＯＤ换算常数用ＯＤ来推算细胞的干重则会产生较大的误差。     

不同氮源对异养小球藻生物量和油脂积累的影响

小球藻因其快速生长和易培养等特性可用于制备生物能源。与传统的光自养相比,异养小球藻可获得更多的生物量和更高的油脂含量。低成本的马铃薯淀粉水解液可作为小球藻的理想碳源,在氮饥饿条件下可诱导产生更多的油脂。为了探讨不同氮源对异养小球藻生物量和油脂积累的影响,并筛选出异养条件下的最适氮源,实验研究了不同浓度无机氮源NaNO3以及有机氮源丙氨酸和酪氨酸对异养小球藻生物量和油脂积累的影响。以马铃薯淀粉水解液为唯一碳源,在SE培养基中分别添加不同氮源培养小球藻。设定的NaNO3和丙氨酸浓度均为1.5 mmol/L、3.0 mmol/L、6.0 mmol/L,酪氨酸浓度为0.75 mmol/L、1.5 mmol/L和3.0mmol/L。所有小球藻培养实验均为暗培养并持续10 d时间。实验过程测定的指标为:小球藻的细胞数目、比生长速率、叶绿素含量、中性脂含量和总脂含量。实验结果表明:(1)在异养条件下以硝酸盐为无机氮源时,氮源促进叶绿素积累从而促进小球藻的生长,减少硝态氮可以使小球藻快速进入稳定期积累油脂。在NaNO3中氮含量为1.5 mmol/L时,生物量和油脂含量分别为2.65 g/L和51.21%,总油脂含量为1.36 g/L。(2)在不添加其他氮源的异养培养基中,丙氨酸可促进小球藻的生物量增加,在稳定期仍促进单位细胞的叶绿素含量,但总油脂含量普遍偏低。(3)酪氨酸可抑制小球藻生物量增加,使细胞膨大从而促进单位细胞内叶绿素和油脂合成,油脂含量高达38.78%—47.02%。这些结果表明小球藻可通过诱导氨基酸转运系统适应氮源的变化,其中酪氨酸所在的第三个转运系统在葡萄糖诱导条件下可促进油脂的合成。     

异株藤的离体快繁

1植物名称异株藤(Calamus dioicus)。 2材料类别胚。 3培养条件(1)胚芽生长培养基：MS+6-BA 2．0 mg·L一(单位下同)+4％蔗糖;(2)丛芽诱导培养基：MS+6-BA 4．0+IBA 1．0+NAA 1．0+4％蔗糖;(3)生根培养基1／2MS(大量元素减半)+IBA 0．5+NAA 0．5+3％蔗糖。培养基(1)和(2)加0．7％卡拉胶,培养基(3)加0．73％卡拉胶,pH 5．8±0．2。培养温度(28±2)℃,每天光照10 h,光照度为2 000 k。 4生长与分化情况 4.1 萌发果实大量成熟前一个半月采集近成熟果实,去除果肉得干净种子,用75％酒精浸泡30 s,0．1％升汞表面消毒加～30 min,无菌水冲洗4～5次,在超净台上用刀片将发芽孔打开后转接至培养基(1)。种子在培养基(1)上30 d,与田间播种相同,胚根先长出发芽孔,但受6-BA的作用,胚根长至0．5～1．0 cm即不再进一步生长。接种∞d,胚芽长出发芽孔,∞d长至1．5～2．0 cm高,即可切下胚芽转入丛芽诱导培养基(2)。 4.2 丛芽诱导在培养基(2)中,胚芽高生长明显减缓,基部开始横向膨胀生长,约40d分化出丛芽,丛芽诱导率为30％～35％。     

Definitions,measurements, and classifications of stimuli,situations, and environments

A review is presented of issues relevant to the definition, measurement, and classification of stimuli, situations, and environments. Problems such as the lack of adequate definitions of concepts, error and bias in measurement procedures, confusion between measurement of a concept and measurement of its behavioral effects, and the lack of agreement among alternative measures are emphasized. It is suggested that concepts be defined in terms of objective characteristics while allowing for the study of the transactional relationship between organism and environment. The work of the ethologists in defining stimuli while studying their relationship to different organismic states and situational contexts is emphasized in this regard. Following Brunswik, it is also suggested that wherever possible there be a representative sampling of variables in natural settings. Note from the editors: From time to time, Human Ecology will publish a review article. Our first in this series is a review by a psychologist of basic definitional and conceptual problems in environmental studies.This paper was prepared while the author was a Visiting Research Fellow at the Educational Testing Service. The support of ETS and my colleagues in the Division of Psychological Studies is gratefully acknowledged. The review was also supported in part by a grant from the Rutgers University Research Council.     

Synthesis,tautomerism, and antimicrobial,anti-HCV,anti-SSPE,antioxidant, and antitumor activities of arylazobenzosuberones

2-Dimethylaminomethylene-1-benzosuberone 1 was coupled with diazotized aniline derivatives to afford a series of the hitherto unreported 2-arylazo-1-benzosuberones 3a–i. The tautomeric structure and the effect of substituents on the tautomeric form (s) of the products 3a–i were discussed. Similar coupling of the enaminone 1 with diazonium salts of heterocyclic amines gave the respective fused azolotriazino-benzosuberones. Some of the newly synthesized compounds showed potent antimicrobial, anti-HCV, antioxidant, antitumor (as topoisomerase I inhibitors), and antimicrobial activities.     

The effect of malathion,diazinon, and various concentrations of zinc,copper, nickel,lead, iron,and mercury on fish

Acute and chronic toxicity tests for malathion, diazinon, copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and iron (Fe) were conducted. Mortalities ofBarilius vagra andCyprinus carpio (common carp) were variable but LC50-96 hr were similar for pesticides. AdultB. vagra seem to be more sensitive to malathion than juvenile carp. Both juvenile carp and adultB. vagra were extremely sensitive to diazinon. Long-term exposure to pesticides modified morphology and behavior. The LC50-96 values for Cu, Hg, and Pb were 0.3, 0.16, and 0.44, respectively, for smaller fish and 1.0, 0.77, and 1.33, respectively, for larger fish. Replicate LC50 values for Zn, Ni, and Fe were somewhat variable, and for these metals, the size of the fish seemed to affect response because LC50 values increased as fish size increased. Cooper, Pb, Zn, and Fe residues following exposure to sublethal concentrations of these metals for 15 d were significantly greater in whole juvenile common carp than in controls.     

Low-frequency dynamics and Raman scattering of crystals, of B-, A-, and Z-DNA, and fibers of C-DNA

Normal modes of vibration of DNA in the low-frequency region (10-300 cm-1 interval) have been identified from Raman spectra of crystals of B-DNA [d(CGCAAATTTGCG)], A-DNA [r(GCG)d(CGC) and d(CCCCGGGG)], and Z-DNA [d(CGCGCG) and d(CGCGTG)]. The lowest vibrational frequencies detected in the canonical DNA structures--at 18 +/- 2 cm-1 in the B-DNA crystal, near 24 +/- 2 cm-1 in A-DNA crystals, and near 30 +/- 2 cm-1 in Z-DNA crystals--are shown to correlate well with the degree of DNA hydration in the crystal structures, as well as with the level of hydration in calf thymus DNA fibers. These findings support the assignment [H. Urabe et al. (1985) J. Chem. Phys. 82, 531-535; C. Demarco et al. (1985) Biopolymers 24, 2035-2040] of the lowest frequency Raman band of each DNA to a helix mode, which is dependent primarily upon the degree of helix hydration, rather than upon the intrahelical conformation. The present results show also that B-, A-, C-, and Z-DNA structures can be distinguished from one another on the basis of their characteristic Raman intensity profiles in the region of 40-140 cm-1, even though all structures display two rather similar and complex bands centered within the intervals of 66-72 and 90-120 cm-1. The similarity of Raman frequencies for B-, A-, C-, and Z-DNA suggests that these modes originate from concerted motions of the bases (librations), which are not strongly dependent upon helix backbone geometry or handedness. Correlation of the Raman frequencies and intensities with the DNA base compositions suggests that the complex band near 90-120 cm-1 in all double-helix structures is due to in-plane librational motions of the bases, which involve stretching of the purine-pyrimidine hydrogen bonds. This would explain the centering of the band at higher frequencies in structures containing G.C pairs (greater than 100 cm-1) than in structures containing A.T pairs (less than 100 cm-1), consistent with the strengths of G.C and A.T hydrogen bonding.     

Synthesis and properties of N-, O-, and S-phospho derivatives of amino acids, peptides, and proteins

The literature on chemical (i.e., nonenzymic) phosphorylation of amino acids, peptides, and proteins is reviewed through 1982. The review covers synthetic methods, chemical reactions, and physical properties, with emphasis on the techniques used for separation and characterization of the products. Synthetic methods are classified by reagent rather than product, and are illustrated by experimental procedures for the most important methods. Chemical reactions are classified into four groups depending on whether the reaction site is the phospho group, the amino group, the carboxyl group, or in the case of serine the hydroxyl group. Physical data are given for all of the known N-, O-, and S-phospho derivatives of the amino acids, peptides, and proteins, within certain limitations, and are discussed in detail in the section on physical properties. Emphasis is given to the techniques used for separation of the products, such as chromatography and electrophoresis, and for characterization of the products, particularly spectroscopy. Medical and other uses of the products are mentioned.     

Synthesis,spectroscopic, and antibacterial activity of tetraazamacrocyclic complexes of trivalent chromium,manganese, and iron

A new series of macrocyclic complexes of type [M(TML)X]X₂, where M = Cr(III), Mn(III), or Fe(III), TML is tetradentate macrocyclic ligand, and X = Cl^?, NO₃^?, CH₃COO^? for Cr(III), Fe(III) and X = CH₃COO^? for Mn (III), has been synthesized by condensation of benzil and succinyldihydrazide in the presence of metal salt. The complexes have been so formulated due to the 1:2 electrolytic nature of these complexes as shown by conductivity measurements. The complexes have been characterized with the help of various physicochemical techniques such as elemental analysis, molar conductance, electronic and infrared spectral studies, and magnetic susceptibility. On the basis of these studies, a five-coordinate distorted square pyramidal geometry, in which two nitrogens and two carbonyl oxygen atoms are suitably placed for coordination toward the metal ion, has been proposed for all the complexes. The complexes have been tested for their in vitro antibacterial activity. Some of the complexes show remarkable antibacterial activities against some selected bacterial strains. The minimum inhibitory concentrations shown by these complexes have been compared with those shown by some standard antibiotics such as linezolid and cefaclor.