拟小鲵属(有尾目:小鲵科)一新种--水城拟小鲵

在比较和研究拟小鲵属(Pseudohynobius)已知二物种后,确定贵州省水城县石龙乡产拟小鲵为一新种,即水城拟小鲵(PseudohynobiusshuichengensisTian,LietGusp.nov)。新种与黄斑拟小鲵(P.flavomaculatus)的犁骨齿列形状相似;但新种体尾及四肢背面紫褐色,无黄色斑块;四肢长,前后肢贴体相向时,掌、部前半重叠;而黄斑拟小鲵体尾及四肢背面紫褐色,有土黄色斑块;四肢甚短,前后肢贴体相向时,指、趾仅相遇或略重叠。秦巴拟小鲵(P.tsinpaensis)背面棕褐色,体尾及四肢背面有不规则云状斑;四肢较短,前后肢贴体相向时,指、趾末端仅相遇。本文统计并记述了新种的外形、头骨特征、生物学资料。     

拟小鲵属(有尾目,小鲵科)一新种

在比较和研究Pseudohynobius已知3物种P.flavomaculatus、P.shuichengensis、P.kuankuoshuiensis后,确定贵州省贵定县产拟小鲵为新种,贵州拟小鲵Pseudohynobius guizhouensis sp.nov..新种与P.kuankuoshuiensis极相似,但新种身体腹面具有分散细小白点;躯干椎为17枚;二额骨前端中央较尖、呈三角形与鼻骨后缘相接;额骨之间、顶骨之间骨缝连接紧密,无骨中缝;Y形软骨前端分叉细而长,与P.kuankuoshuiensis身体腹面无斑点;躯干椎为18枚;二额骨前端钝圆、呈弧形与鼻骨后缘相接;额骨之间和顶骨之间有骨中缝;Y形软骨前端分叉宽而短相区别.新种身体腹面散布有细小白点,区别于P.flavomaculatus.新种身体背面和尾部背面有近圆形桔红色或黄色斑点,区别于P.shuichengensis.     

湘中西部小鲵属一新种--挂榜山小鲵(两栖纲:小鲵科)

在比较和研究小鲵属Hynobius物种后 ,确定湖南省祁阳县产小鲵为一新种 ,即挂榜山小鲵Hynobiusguabangshanensissp .nov .。新种与安吉小鲵H amjiensis近似 ,它们体型较大 ;有 13条肋沟 ;前后肢贴体相向时指趾重叠较多 ;掌、突明显 ,但又有明显区别 :1)新种比安吉小鲵稍小 ,全长 139 32mm± 9 5 0mm (n=9) ;2 )犁骨齿细且排列密 ,外枝 9- 11枚、内枝 2 5 - 2 7枚 ;3)尾较短 ,平均为头体长之 70 4 % (n =9) ;4 )卵袋较短 ,香蕉形弯曲等。本文列表比较近似种 ,统计并记述了新种     

中国小鲵属一新种(两栖纲:有尾目:小鲵科)

对采自我国河南省商城的一种小鲵标本进行了研究,认为与我国产小鲵科巳知属、种及日本产小鲵属相近种均不相同,被确定为新种,即豫南小鲵Hynobius yunanicus sp.nov.。     

中国两栖类一新种(有尾目,小鲵科)

对2003年2月、2005年11月采自广西猫儿山国家级自然保护区的1种小鲵进行了研究,认为其特征与现有的小鲵都不相同,确定为中国两栖纲有尾目小鲵科小鲵属1新种,即猫儿山小鲵Hynobius maoershanensis sp.nov..模式标本保存于广西大学动物科技学院标本室,部分副模标本(MESH05111001,MESH05111002)保存于广西猫儿山国家级自然保护区标本室.     

中国小鲵100年

中国小鲵Hynobius chinensis是A.Gunther依据A.E.Pratt在中国湖北宜昌采到的两号标本,于1889年描述的种。由于描述依据的标本极少,描述亦较简单。试译如下:中国小鲵的原始描述“与日本产Hynobius nebulosus相近,但犁骨齿列较短,向后仅达眼球中部。体形短而壮;头大,长宽几相等,其长度大于躯干长的四分之一。尾侧扁而无鳍褶;肋沟11。前后肢贴体相向时彼此相遇;第五趾发达;无掌突及蹠突。皮肤平滑;颈褶不显著。背面几为均一的角黑色,腹面浅褐色,散以暗斑。全长85mm,吻端至泄殖肛孔46mm,头长11mm,头宽10mm,前肢15mm,后肢16mm,尾39mm。”中国…     

秦巴拟小鲵在河南的发现及地理分布探讨

报道了采自河南省内乡县的一种小鲵科标本,经形态学鉴定以及DNA序列比对,确定为秦巴拟小鲵(Pseudohynobius tsinpaensis)。内乡是该物种已知分布区的东限,与已知分布点相差3个经度,呈间断分布。秦巴拟小鲵在内乡的发现可为探讨小鲵科动物的起源和演化提供重要的动物地理学依据。     

东北小鲵中枢神经系统形态学与组织学初步研究

本文应用脊椎动物神经标本制作法和HE染色法,对东北小鲵中枢神经系统的外部形态和组织学结构进行了初步研究,描述了东北小鲵神经系统形态和组织学结构的特点,并与无尾两栖类和爬行类相对比,探讨了有尾两栖类的进化地位。结果表明:与无尾两栖类(如蛙)相比,东北小鲵中枢神经系统中,大脑半球较小,结构较为原始,小脑结构简单,是两栖类中较为原始的类群。此外,东北小鲵开始具有了臂神经丛和骶神经丛,但没有爬行类的发达,可作为两栖类向爬行类进化的证据之一。     

中国小鲵科属、种分类变更的回顾

小鲵科为亚洲特有的有尾两栖动物,是现生有尾目10科中第三大科.中国是小鲵科动物属、种分布的主要区域,且研究其分类历史较久,学者较多,故导致学术观点差异较大.本文对中国小鲵科分类地位发生变更的部分属(巴鲵属Liua、拟小鲵属Pseudohynobius、肥鲵属Pachyhynobius)、种(秦巴巴鲵L. tsinpaensis、满洲小鲵Hynobius mantchuricus、豫南小鲵H. yunanicus、弱唇褶山溪鲵Batrachuperus cochranae和太白山溪鲵B. taibaiensis)的变更历史进行回顾,旨在为小鲵科动物的分类提供一个清晰的背景知识.     

中国小鲵的核型

中国小鲵(Hynobius chinensis)被描述于116年前,我国学者于2005年在模式产地湖北宜昌再次采到标本,至此该物种的有效性得以确认。以2007年采于模式产地的中国小鲵胚胎为材料,采用Giemsa染色方法,对中国小鲵的核型进行了分析。结果表明,中国小鲵的二倍体染色体数为56,28对染色体按大小和形状可以分为4组:第一组,包括Nos.1～9,由大型m,sm,st染色体组成;第二组为中型双臂染色体组,由Nos.10～13组成,包含m,sm染色体;第三组,包括Nos.14～18,由小型m染色体组成;第四组,包括Nos.19～28,由小型t染色体组成。与小鲵属其他物种相比,中国小鲵核型与具染色体数为2n=56的类群核型大致相同,差异出现在染色体分组和相应染色体着丝点类型上。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.