藏马鸡体内一线体吸虫新种(吸虫纲:双腔科)

1974年剖检我国特有珍贵鸟类藏马鸡13只,在一只的肝脏内获完整虫体1个,另一只获完整虫体2个、残断虫体9个。经鉴定为双腔科(Dicro-coelidae Odhner,1911)线体吸虫属的一新种。现记述其特征如下。测量单位为毫米。     

贵州八郎寒武系清虚洞组三叶虫Protoryctoce phalus arcticus的蜕壳研究

研究标本均为Protoryctoce phalusarcticus Geyer and Peel,2011的蜕壳标本,保存于贵州剑河八郎村寒武纪第2世的清虚洞组中,头部、胸部、尾部都得以保存,且胸部与尾部未分离。该类三叶虫可能经历了3个时期的蜕壳过程:1)头部进行上下弯曲,水阻力造成两侧活动颊受到的压力明显大于头盖,这种压力可能导致面线出现裂缝,之后海水通过裂缝进入头部,新头部活动范围增大,并利用水压力降低旧头盖与新头盖的连接程度;2)虫体携带着旧胸尾及其他相连接的部分向前爬行,并在短距离内将旧头盖与虫体分开;3)虫体通过不同的爬行方式摆脱旧壳。本文还重点讨论三叶虫蜕壳过程中首断裂缝的产生、胸尾是否分离的原因、头部运动方向对旧壳保存的影响、以及水动力和水压力在蜕壳过程中的作用。该研究补充oryctocephalids三叶虫的蜕壳研究,为三叶虫的系统演化、个体发育的再研究提供一定的支撑。     

高罗王冠虫（Coronocephalus gaoluoensis Wu, 1979）的再研究

标本采自湖南省永顺县万民乡志留系下部Llandovery统Telychian阶秀山组上部,几乎全部为Coronocephalus gaoluoensis Wu,其中有20多块头、胸、尾相连的完整标本。研究发现,Coronocephalus gaoluoensis Wu具有十分特殊的头部构造,其面线前支横切头鞍前叶中前部...     

美丽花网翅虻

本期封面化石照片为美丽花网翅虻 Florinemestrius pulcherrimus Ren,1998,隶属于双翅目短角亚目网翅虻科,采自中国辽宁省北票市晚侏罗世义县组地层。虫体保存十分完整,小仅翅脉、足、腹部清晰可见,口器以及虫体的细毛均保存良好。在辽西义县地层中还有夫量该科的化石,分别归于2属3种。     

中国东北晚侏罗世蝎蛉化石研究(长翅目:蚊蝎蛉科,直脉蝎蛉科)(英文)

本文描述蝎龄化石1新属4新种。新属Megabittacus2新种,即Megabittacuscolosseussp.nov.,Megabittacusbeipiaoensissp．nov,新种Sibirobittacusatalussp.nov.属于现生的蚊蝎蛉科,新种Orthophlebialiaoningensissp．nov．属于绝灭的直脉蝎蛉科。化石采于辽宁省北票市晚侏罗世义县组地层中。这些新的化石属种,其虫体特征包括触角、喙、足和翅脉特征均完整的保存。模式标本保存在中国地质博物馆。     

蟋蟀精子形成部分时期尾部超微结构观察

通过对黄脸油葫芦精子尾部形成过程4～10期超微结构的观察,发现该虫精子细胞发育至第6期轴丝微管束9 9 2完整形成;7、8两期精子细胞内一些高尔基体、内质网膜系统结构包绕着轴丝;第9期精子细胞及成熟精子轴丝内副微管、双微管中的A微管、中央单微管内充满小圆柱状纤维;中心粒侧体纤维状,成熟精子的线粒体衍生体内不具纵嵴;细胞质膜外不具发达的糖蛋白套。通过比较发现该虫精子与蝗总科癞蝗科精子类型比较相似,同属于原始类型精子。     

我国环肠科吸虫一新纪录——谢氏平体吸虫

谢氏平体吸虫H.theodori Witenberg1928是一种较大型的吸虫,在寄生虫分类地位中隶属于环肠科Cyclocolidae Kossack1911平体属Hyptiasmus Kossack1911最早由Witenberg于1928年在约旦河发现于针尾鸭的鼻腔鼻窦中。1984年8月,笔者在进行寄生虫调查时,曾在成都市禽蛋批发部解剖家鸭200只,从其鼻腔鼻窦中采集到一些大型的环肠科吸虫标本,其中有一种,鉴定为谢氏平体吸虫,此种吸虫为我国家禽吸虫的新纪录,现详细描述如下:虫体大型、扁平、叶状。前端稍尖,后端钝圆,最宽部在虫体的中后部,新鲜虫体为暗红色,固定后呈灰白色,虫卵金黄色。虫长13—17…     

河北和辽宁晚侏罗世古蝉化石(同翅目:头喙亚目)(英文)

本文描述古蝉科化石2新属、6新种,即Liaocossushuegen.etsp.nov.,L.beipiaoensisgen.etsp．nov,L．exiguusgen．etsp．nov,L．fengningensisgen．etsp．nov,L．Pingquanensisgen.etsp.nov.,Miracossusingentiusgen．etsp．nov.。这批化石保存有完整的虫体标本,使作者能够进一步研究古蝉类化石的虫体特征。化石采于冀北和辽西晚侏罗世义县组地层中,保存在中国地质博物馆。     

福建沿海鱼类吸虫二新种（发状科,隐殖科）

从福建沿海的侧条真鲨的体腔内发现发状科的中国连盘吸虫,新种Anaporrhutum sinicum sp. nov., 虫体大小11.0×4.5mm,卵41—56×18—20μm。这是国内首次报道连盘属吸虫及本科的海水种类。又从福州淡水鱼类鲶鱼的肠道发现隐殖科的叶巢外睾吸虫,新种Exorchis ovariolobularis sp. nov., 虫体大小0.340×0.342mm,卵11—14×7—9μm。     

四翼无刺线虫扫描电镜观察

应用扫描电镜观察四翼无刺线虫。虫体尖端较大，略呈方形。口囊方形。口囊较小，内有３个唇瓣。唇瓣上未见细齿。顶端具有４个不甚明显的乳头。头翼长片状，左右对称，明显突出于体表。侧翼波浪状向后止于虫体尾部的尖细部。阴门位于虫体前１／３处，外观似旧式抽屉拉手。     

Wolf-Ernst Reif (1945–2009)

It has been claimed that olenellids, long regarded as trilobites, are more closely related to chelicerates than to the rest of the trilobite clade (Lauterbach 1980). This was based on an interpretation of the homologies of segmental arrangement in the thorax, and of the thoracic axial spine. It is shown that there are more synapomorphies uniting accepted trilobites with the olenellids, than there are uniting olenellids with chelicerates. At least seven characters serve to define Trilobita as a natural, monophyletic group. These include the presence of a pygidium, the unique optical system, the presence of eye ridges, circum‐ocular ecdysial sutures, and the construction of the hypostome. Olenelloids include the most primitive of the trilobites, retaining three (possibly four) primitive characters, including the permarginal suture, flange‐like thoracic articulation and highly expressed segmentation on the larval cranidia. If facial sutures are primitively absent in the Trilobita there is no obvious olenelloid autapomorphy, and they may constitute a paraphyletic group.     

A new oryctocephalid trilobite from the Balang Formation (Cambrian Stage 4) of northwestern Hunan,South China,with remarks on the classification of oryctocephalids

A new trilobite, Longaspis paiwuensis n. gen. n. sp., from the Balang Formation (Cambrian Stage 4) in northwestern Hunan, South China, is described. This rare trilobite adds to an expanding taxonomic list of organisms recognized from the Balang Lagerstätte, a deposit of exceptional preservation from the Cambrian. Longaspis paiwuensis is an unusually large-sized, micropygous oryctocephalid trilobite that has proparian facial sutures, pit-like lateral glabellar furrows, up to 17 thoracic segments, and a distinct medial notch in the pygidium; it lacks marginal spines.The classification of the family Oryctocephalidae is reviewed. Three subfamilies are recognized, and Longaspis n. gen. is assigned to the subfamily Oryctocarinae.     

THE LOWER CAMBRIAN EODISCOID TRILOBITE CALODISCUS LOBATUS FROM SWEDEN: MORPHOLOGY, ONTOGENY AND DISTRIBUTION

Abstract:  Several thousand disarticulated remains together with a few complete enrolled specimens of the lower Cambrian eodiscoid trilobite Calodiscus lobatus ( Hall, 1847 ) have been collected at two outcrop areas in Sweden. The material reveals new details of morphology and morphogenesis during ontogenetic development. Size-frequency analyses show that the material from the Fånån rivulet in Jämtland, central Sweden, represents a natural population dominated by juveniles, whereas the material from Gislövshammar in Scania, southern Sweden, has been sorted during postmortem transport. Three stages of protaspid development can be traced and defined as well as all subsequent ontogenetic stages for the cephalon, hypostome and pygidium. The early meraspid pygidium has a pronounced larval notch, which persists, though becoming progressively less distinct in later meraspides. The number of axial rings in the transitory pygidium increases throughout meraspid development until a third and final thoracic segment is liberated. During ontogeny the articulating half-rings are strongly developed, and both meraspides and holaspides were capable of full sphaeroidal enrollment and outstretched postures. The hypostome undergoes some dramatic modifications; in M0 the anterior margin is axe-shaped, by M1 the area of attachment greatly decreases and the hypostome becomes more elongated and pear-shaped, before attaining its adult form, which has an overall resemblance to that of polymerid trilobites. During ontogeny, the hypostome changes from a conterminant attachment to a natant condition, thereby mirroring hypostomal evolution within trilobites generally. The morphology, ontogeny, enrollment, hypostomal development and the presence of calcified protaspides suggest polymerid rather than agnostoid affinities of the eodiscoids.     

Moulting,ontogeny and sexual dimorphism in the Cambrian ptychopariid trilobite Strenuaeva inflata from the northern Swedish Caledonides

Abstract: Three thousand seven hundred disarticulated remains together with several articulated specimens of the Cambrian Series 2 ptychopariid trilobite Strenuaeva inflata Ahlberg and Bergström, 1978 have been collected from the Torneträsk area, northern Sweden. The material provides significant new data on the morphology, ontogeny, moulting and enrolment of the species. Two distinct morphotypes, possibly an expression of sexual dimorphism, are recognized. The morph with a pair of bulbs in the frontal area, interpreted as brood pouches, is considered to represent females. Statistical treatment of the length/width ratio in cranidia reveals isometric growth during ontogeny for both morphotypes. The transition from the meraspid to holaspid ontogenetic period has been established through recognition of the successive development of the number of thoracic segments in articulated late meraspides. Throughout its life cycle, S. inflata went through 11 meraspid degrees and at least 17 holaspid growth stages. Inferred moult ensembles and exuviae reveal the successive opening of cephalic sutures and the function of the rostral plate during exuviation. As in other ellipsocephalid trilobites in which enrolment is known, the pygidium and two or three thoracic segments of S. inflata are concealed beneath the cephalon (spiral enrolment) during complete enrolment.     

New subgenus of the genus Schizoprymnus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Japan, having a unique abdominal carapace structure

A new subgenus of the genus Schizoprymnus Foerster is described and figured from Honshu, Japan. The subgenus, Ibarakius subgen. nov., comprises three species, S. (I.) gotoi sp. nov. (type species), S. (I.) kaizawus sp. nov., and S. (I.) honshuensis sp. nov. A pair of long, curved posteroventral processes on the carapace is unique to Ibarakius subgen. nov. The variability of frontal protuberances and sutures of the carapace in the brachistine genera Triaspis Haliday and Schizoprymnus Foerster is discussed.     

Intraspecific variation of trunk segmentation in the oryctocephalid trilobite Duyunaspis duyunensis from the Cambrian (Stage 4, Series 2) of South China

A detailed exploration of growth and trunk segmentation of the oryctocephalid trilobite, Duyunaspis duyunensis Chang & Chien in Zhou et al. 1977, from the lower Cambrian (Stage 4, Series 2) Balang Formation in western Hunan Province, South China, is presented. Because of the excellent preservation, the complete post‐protaspid ontogenetic series from merapsid degree 0 to the holaspid phase is described. The ontogenetic series reveals new information on morphological changes such as the migration of the posterior branch of the facial sutures (from proparian to opisthoparian) and contraction of the posteromedial notch in the pygidium. The abundance of articulated specimens available from a narrow stratigraphical interval makes this material singularly useful for studying the morphogenesis and post‐embryonic growth of D. duyunensis in comparison with other oryctocephalids. Strong evidence that multiple numbers of pygidial segment are recognized in each meraspid degree as well as in the holaspid period showed unusual intraspecific variability in the rate of trunk segmentation, providing insights into how Cambrian subisopygous trilobites controlled their body patterning, including size, shape and trunk segment number in both thorax and caudal plate during growth.     

Protaitzehoia Yang三叶虫分类位置的再研究-答“也论Protaitzehoia Yang三叶虫的分类位置”．．．

文章从三叶虫的头尾搭配问题的讨论对"也论Protaitzehoia Yang三叶虫的分类位置"一文中置于原太子河虫属的某些尾部的可靠性提出了质疑,认为插图2中的尾(K),由于缺少宽而下凹的尾边缘,应属于Stephanocare Monke,1903一属的尾部;插图2中的尾(L)的归属尚难定论.将原太子河虫属的头盖、活动颊、尾部、唇瓣与Cheilocephalus Berkey,1898属的头盖、活动颊、尾部、唇瓣对比后,认为原太子河虫属应归属Cheilocephalidae Shaw,1956.     

Morphogenesis in the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Peronopsis</Emphasis> Hawle et Corda (Agnostina)

The morphogenesis of the early members of the genus Peronopsis (Trilobita, Agnostina) is studied. The pygidium of Agnostina exhibits growth-related changes more clearly than the cephalon. In Peronopsis inarmata Hutchinson, 1962 and P. brighamensis Resser, 1938 the axial furrow develops around the anteroglabella in meraspid degree 0. The most significant changes occur in the shape of the pygidium axis and the postaxial field; posterolateral spines do not change throughout growth. Specific characters continue to develop until the advanced holaspid stage. Within the genus Peronopsis, three distinct growth patterns of the pygidium are recognized. Different relative growth rates of different parts of the pygidium were responsible for the evolutionary transitions between the growth patterns. The growth pattern when the pygidium lacks a postaxial furrow was the most primitive and gave rise to a number of species with a long axis reaching the border, a growth pattern that in turn gave rise to the species with the postaxial furrow (a character typical of Agnostina). The evolution of these growth patterns is inferred from ontogenetic observations and is supported by the stratigraphic succession of Peronopsis and their immediate descendants in different regional faunas.     

The true identity of the supposed giant fossil spider Megarachne

Megarachne servinei from the Permo-Carboniferous Bajo de Véliz Formation of San Luis Province, Argentina (32 degrees 17'S, 65 degrees 25'E), was described as a giant mygalomorph spider ('tarantula') and, with its body length of 339mm, the largest known spider ever to have lived on Earth. Its identification as a spider was based on interpretations of the shape of the carapace, the position of the eye tubercle, the anterior protrusion of the carapace as a pair of chelicerae, and the posterior circular structure as the abdomen. X-radiography revealed possible morphology hidden in the matrix: cheliceral fangs, sternum, labium and coxae, and so a reconstruction of Megarachne as a giant spider was presented. Difficulties with the interpretation (unusual cuticular ornament, suture dividing the carapace and spade-like anterior border of the chelicera), together with non-preservation of synapomorphies of Araneae, provoked debate about its interpretation as a spider. Now, the holotype and a new specimen have become available for study. Megarachne is shown to be a bizarre eurypterid ('sea-scorpion'), similar to rare forms known from Carboniferous rocks of Scotland and South Africa, and is the most complete eurypterid so far recorded from Carboniferous strata of South America.