过表达MicroRNA-21通过PTEN/PI3K/AKT信号通路调控人退变髓核细胞自噬的研究

目的:探讨过表达mi R-21通过PTEN/PI3K/AKT通路对人退变髓核细胞自噬的影响。方法:构建稳定过表达mi R-21 mimic人退变髓核细胞,转染无意义序列作为mi R-21 mimic control组,采用RT-qPCR检测转染效率;利用MDC荧光染色法观察细胞自噬泡;Western-Blot检测细胞自噬相关蛋白LC3和P62的表达以及PTEN/PI3K/AKT信号通路中关键蛋白PTEN、PI3K及AKT的表达水平。结果:RT-qPCR结果表明mi R-21 mimic转染成功且效率较高,与mi R-21 mimic control组及空白细胞对照组相比,差异显著(P0.05)。荧光显微镜观察MDC染色情况,mi R-21 mimic组的细胞中几乎没有发现自噬体,而mi R-21 mimic control组以及空白对照组细胞中自噬体均较多,与前者相比差异均明显,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。mi R-21 mimic组细胞中LC3-II/LC3-I表达量的比值均显著低于mi R-21 mimic control组及空白对照组细胞(P0.05);而P62在mi R-21 mimic组细胞中表达量显著高于mi R-21 mimic control组及空白细胞对照组,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。mi R-21 mimic组中PTEN蛋白的表达水平较低,与另外两组相比具有统计学意义(P0.05);磷酸化的PI3K(p-PI3K)和AKT(p-Akt)在mi R-21 mimic组中均明显高于mi R-21 mimic control组和空白细胞对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:mi R-21可以通过靶向沉默PTEN,促进PI3K和AKT发生磷酸化,进而使PTEN/PI3K/AKT信号通路被激活,最终抑制人椎间盘退变髓核细胞的自噬。     

miR-124靶向TNF-α促进猪皮下脂肪细胞分化

前期研究中采用双萤光素酶报告基因验证了mi R-124与脂解因子猪TNF-α之间的靶关系,以此为基础研究mi R-124是否影响猪皮下脂肪细胞的分化。采用mi R-124模拟物mimics和抑制物inhibitor分别转染猪脂肪前体细胞并诱导其分化成成熟脂肪细胞,检测细胞的聚脂情况,甘油及甘油三酯的含量变化,荧光定量检测脂肪细胞关键转录因子PPARγ,脂肪合成和分解的主要酶FASN和HSL基因的表达变化。结果显示,过表达mi R-124能抑制TNF-α蛋白的表达,脂肪细胞脂滴多于对照组,甘油三酯(TG)含量显著增加(P0.01),甘油含量亦显著增加(P0.05),PPARγ、FASNT和HSL的表达显著上调(P0.01);抑制细胞mi R-124的表达脂滴则较少,TG含量显著减少(P0.05),PPARγ和FASN的表达均显著下调(P0.05)。mi R-124可能通过抑制TNF-α调节猪脂肪细胞的分化,为后续研究mi R-124调节脂肪代谢的相关机制奠定基础。     

抑制miR-34a减少高糖代谢记忆所致视网膜色素上皮细胞SIRT1下调和凋亡

目的探讨mi R-34a在视网膜色素上皮(retinal pigment epithelium,RPE)细胞高糖"代谢记忆"中的作用及其机制,为糖尿病视网膜病的防治提供新的策略。方法 RPE细胞用高糖培养4d后换用正常糖浓度培养4d,模拟糖尿病高糖代谢记忆模型,用mi R-34a mimic和mi R-34a inhibitor改变高糖代谢记忆RPE细胞内mi R-34a表达,实时定量PCR检测mi R-34a表达水平,免疫细胞化学和Western blot检测组蛋白去乙酰化酶Sirtuin 1(SIRT1)水平,annexin V-PI法流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。结果实时定量PCR检测显示,高糖培养和代谢记忆可显著升高RPE细胞内mi R-34a表达水平,mi R-34a mimic可进一步显著上调代谢记忆RPE细胞内mi R-34a表达水平,mi R-34a inhibitor可显著下调代谢记忆RPE细胞内mi R-34a水平;免疫细胞化学染色显示,高糖培养和代谢记忆可使RPE细胞内STRT1免疫反应性显著降低,过表达mi R-34a进一步下调代谢记忆RPE细胞内STRT1免疫反应性,而mi R-34a inhibitor则可抑制代谢记忆对RPE细胞内STRT1免疫反应性的下调作用;流式细胞术检测发现,高糖培养和代谢记忆使RPE细胞凋亡明显增加,过表达mi R-34a进一步增加代谢记忆RPE细胞凋亡,而mi R-34a inhibitor则显著抑制代谢记忆RPE细胞凋亡的增加。结论 mi R-34a抑制剂能通过抑制高糖代谢记忆对RPE细胞SIRT1水平的下调和细胞凋亡的增加,部分逆转高糖代谢记忆效应,防治糖尿病视网膜病变。     

MiR-706通过TAOK1信号通路抑制小鼠肝纤维化

目的探讨mi R-706介导的TAOK1信号通路在小鼠肝纤维化进程中的作用及分子生物学机制。方法将C57BL/6小鼠随机分为胆总管结扎(bile duct ligation,BDL)肝纤维化模型组(BDL组)和假手术组两组,小鼠造模4周后取材,HE、Masson染色及Western blot分析检测小鼠肝纤维化造模是否成功;Real-time PCR检测肝组织内mi R-706的表达含量;免疫组织化学染色检测肝组织内TAOK1和TAOK1下游促使肝纤维化发生的MAPK通路相关基因的蛋白表达含量的变化。结果 HE及Masson染色显示胆总管结扎肝纤维化模型组中纤维间隔增多,同时,Western blot显示BDL组中α-SMA及collagen I含量增加,说明肝纤维化造模成功;Real-time PCR显示BDL组中mi R-706含量显著下降,同时,免疫组织化学染色显示,BDL组中TAOK1和其下游MAPK通路中P38与MEK3免疫反应性明显增强。结论肝纤维化组中可能由于mi R-706表达的下调,mi R-706对其下游TAOK1信号通路加重小鼠BDL所导致的肝纤维化进程。     

Nrf2/ARE通路相关因子在脂肪变性HepG2细胞中的表达及其意义

目的:探讨建立一种新型的脂肪变性人肝癌细胞(Hep G2)模型,观察核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)/抗氧化反应元件(ARE)通路相关因子在脂肪变性Hep G2细胞中的表达及其意义。方法:Hep G2细胞给予含25%的胎牛血清、0.1%医用脂肪乳和0.1 mmol/L游离脂肪酸(FFA)的DMEM培养基分阶段诱导后,建立脂肪变性Hep G2细胞模型,并设置对照组。模型成功后,以油红O染色观察细胞内脂滴形成状况,并用全自动生化仪检测细胞内甘油三酯(TG)含量;采用流式细胞仪测定细胞内活性氧(ROS)的含量,采用生物试剂盒检测细胞内一氧化氮(NO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)含量及活性的变化;运用Western blot法检测各组细胞Nrf2、血红素氧化酶-1(HO-1)和醌氧化还原酶1(NQO1)蛋白的表达。结果:与对照组比较,模型组油红O染色可见细胞内橘红色脂滴大量形成,TG、ROS、NO、MDA含量水平明显增高(P0.05,P0.01),SOD、GSHPx活性明显下降(P0.01),Nrf2、HO-1和NQO1蛋白表达均显著增高(P0.05,P0.01)。结论:本模型可以成功诱导Hep G2细胞发生脂肪变性和氧化应激损伤状态;Nrf2/ARE通路下游相关因子发生激活可能与脂肪变性Hep G2细胞氧化应激的过度反应有关。     

多效生长因子通过JNK信号通路负调控Schlafen2基因表达

实验室前期研究发现,多效生长因子（pleiotrophin,PTN）基因稳定沉默的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞中Schlafen2 (Slfn2)基因高表达.为了探讨Ptn沉默诱导Slfn2基因表达可能涉及的信号通路,应用Western印迹检测外源性PTN因子（终浓度50 ng/μl）对Ptn沉默细胞JNK磷酸化水平的影响;应用Northern 印迹分别检测JNK和p38通路特异性抑制剂对Ptn沉默细胞Slfn2基因转录水平的影响.结果发现,Ptn沉默细胞内JNK磷酸化水平高于对照细胞,外源性PTN处理后沉默细胞内JNK磷酸化水平下调;阻断JNK通路呈时间依赖性抑制Ptn沉默细胞中Slfn2基因转录,阻断p38通路对Ptn沉默细胞中Slfn2转录水平没有明显影响结果提示,Ptn可能通过抑制其下游JNK/MAPK通路来负调控Slfn2的表达.     

HBx与肝细胞脂肪变性关系及可能机制的细胞学研究

从细胞水平探讨乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白(hepatitis B virus X protein,HBx)与肝细胞脂肪变性的关系,并探讨其可能分子机制。油红O染色及细胞内甘油三酯含量测定鉴定HepG2.2.15细胞和HepG2细胞的脂变程度;Western blotting检测HBx,肝X受体(liver X receptor alpha,LXRα)及脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthase,FAS)蛋白的表达。结果显示,C2.2.15组细胞脂变程度较CG2组细胞重。O2.2.15组细胞在24,48及72h的脂变程度及TG含量均较同一时间段的OG2组增加;Western blotting结果显示,HepG2.2.15细胞内有HBx蛋白表达,而HepG2细胞则无此蛋白表达;C2.2.15组细胞LXRα及FAS蛋白表达强度较CG2组细胞高。HBx蛋白与肝细胞脂肪变性存在密切的关系,其机制可能与HBx/LXRα/FAS信号通路有关。     

miR-223在结肠癌组织中的表达及促进结肠癌细胞迁移侵袭的机制研究

目的:探讨微小RNA-223 (mi R-223)在结肠癌组织中的表达及对结肠癌HT-29细胞侵袭、迁移能力的影响及机制。方法:检测mi R-223在结肠癌组织与癌旁组织中的表达。通过脂质体转染法将mi R-223模拟物(mi R-223 mimics,mi R-223 mimics组)及microRNA无关序列(mi R-223 NC,NC组)转染入结肠癌HT-29细胞。采用Real-time PCR检测转染后细胞中mi R-223和TWIST的表达,Western blot检测TWIST的蛋白表达,Tranwell检测细胞的迁移与侵袭能力。双荧光素酶报告基因检测mi R-223对TWIST基因启动子活性的影响。采用Transwell迁移与侵袭实验检测mi R-223 mimic及Twist si RNA共转染后人结肠癌细胞系HT-29迁移与侵袭能力的变化。结果:与癌旁结肠组织比较,mi R-223在结肠癌组织中呈现明显高表达(P0.05);与空白对照组和mi R-223 NC组比较,转染mi R-223 mimics后的HT-29细胞中的mi R-223表达显著增加(P0.05)。与阴性对照组和空载转染组相比较,mi R-223 mimics转染组穿透的细胞数目明显增加(P0.05),且mi R-223 mimics转染组的细胞侵袭能力显著增强(P0.05)。与mi R-223 NC组和空白对照组比较,转染mi R-223 mimics的HT-29细胞的TWIST基因m RNA和蛋白表达均显著增加(P0.05)。双荧光素酶检验结果显示TWIST为mi R-223的下游靶基因。共转染TWIST si RNA和mi R-223 mimics的结肠癌HT-29细胞的迁移与侵袭能力较单独转染mi R-223 mimics的HT-29细胞显著减弱(P0.05)。结论:mi R-223可能通过上调下游靶基因TWIST水平促进结肠癌HT-29细胞的迁移与侵袭。     

糖代谢异常对大鼠肝脏组织中巨噬细胞移动抑制因子及C-Jun氨基端激酶表达水平的影响

目的观察巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(MIF)和C-Jun氨基端激酶(JNK)在糖代谢异常大鼠肝脏组织中表达水平的变化,探讨糖代谢异常合并非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)的病理机制。方法将60只大鼠随机分为糖耐量受损(IGT)模型组(n=20)、2型糖尿病(T2DM)模型组(n=20)、IGT对照组(n=10)及T2DM对照组(n=10),高脂饲料喂养复制IGT大鼠模型,高脂饲料喂养加腹腔注射小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ)制备T2DM大鼠模型,采用TUNEL法检测各组大鼠肝脏细胞凋亡;实时荧光PCR技术检测肝脏组织中MIF mRNA的表达;Western blot方法检测肝脏组织中MIF、caspase-3、JNK蛋白表达及磷酸化JNK(p-JNK)的表达。结果 IGT大鼠及T2DM大鼠肝组织凋亡细胞明显增多;IGT组和T2DM组肝组织MIF基因表达较各自对照组明升高(P0.01),MIF、caspase-3、JNK蛋白表达及JNK磷酸化水平也明显升高(P0.05或P0.01);与IGT组相比,T2DM组caspase-3、MIF、JNK蛋白表达水平明显降低(P0.01),而JNK磷酸化水平是明显升高(P0.01)。结论糖代谢异常合并非酒精性脂肪肝的发生可能与MIF、caspase-3、JNK表达水平的升高及JNK磷酸化水平的增强有关。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV