喀斯特城市杨树人工林微量元素的生物循环

对喀斯特城市25年生杨树人工林内Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn、Ni、Pb、Co、Cd微量元素的含量、积累、空间分配和生物循环进行了研究。结果表明,林地土壤中,微量元素含量Fe最高,Mn次之,Cd最低,且呈现随土层深度增加而减少的垂直分布规律。在枯枝落叶层的分解过程中,Pb、Ni、Mn、Cd、Cu、Co、Zn分解速度比Fe快。林木各器官微量元素含量为细根>树叶>粗根>树皮>树枝>大根>根桩>干材,Cu在叶中高于其他器官。林分微量元素的总贮量为14.086 kg.hm^-2,微量元素在各器官中贮存量排序为Mn>Zn>Cu>Fe>Cd>Co>Pb>Ni,树干和树皮的贮存量最多,占总贮存量的43.4%。林分微量元素的年吸收量为3.079 kg.hm^-2,年归还量为2.663 kg.hm^-2,年存留量为0.417 kg.hm^-2,总利用系数为0.219,循环系数为0.865,周转期为5.29年,林分对土壤中Cd的吸收能力强,微量元素的生物分解率均高于生物迁移率。杨树林分中微量元素具有较大的循环速率和较短的周转期,而且林分对养分的稳定性、自我调节能力和培肥土壤的能力强,有利于林地生产力维持。     

广西马尾松人工林对重金属元素的吸收、累积及动态

探讨了广西马尾松人工林对重金属Cu、Zn、Mn、Pb、Ni、cd元素的吸收、累积及动态。结果表明:马尾松林地土壤层(0~60 cm)中重金属元素Cu、Zn、Mn、Pd、Ni、Cd的平均含量,分别为23.02,24.46,235.46,5.93.8.45和0.14 mg·kg-1,储量大小依次为Mn>Zn>Cu>Ni>Pb>Cd。马尾松林不同组分中,重金属元素的含量范围分别为Cu 2.97-13.47,Zn 12.09-42.93,Mn 143.14-751.78,Pd 2.87-25.12,Ni 0.19-25.05和Cd 0.16~1.24 mg·kg-1,对土壤6种重金属元素富集能力的大小依次为Cd>Mn>Pb>Zn>Ni>Cu。马尾松林中,重金属元素的总储量为39.791kg·hm-2,其中Mn、Zn、Pb、Cu、Cd、Ni元素的储量分别为34.047,3.351,1.226,0.874,0.245,0.084 kg·hm-2,各组分中重金属元素储量的空间分布为干>皮>根>叶>枝。Cu、Zn、Mn、Pd、Ni、Cd的周转期分别为13.9、7.0、3.1、20.4、2.1、12 a,流动系数为Ni>Mn>Zn>Cd>Cu>Pb。     

北京人工刺槐林化学元素含量特征

 31年生人工刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)林内各种植物的化学元素含量以C素最高,尤以刺槐树干中C含量多。N和Ca在刺槐叶片中含量大。丛生隐子草(Cleistogenes caespitosa)地上部分含K量高于林内其他植物。Fe在荆条(Vitex negundo var．heterophylla)叶片中含量较多。Al和Na在植物细根中含量为大。酸枣(Zizyphus jujuba var．spinosa) 叶中含有较高的Mg和Mn。 刺槐林的乔木、灌木、草本层化学元素积累量以C>Ca>N> K>Mg>P>Fe>Al>Na>Mn>Cu>Zn为序。灌木层化学元素积累量除C和Ca以外,均高于乔木层。对比地表枯枝落叶层化学元素总量与人工林元素的积累量,以Na的比值最高,Ca、Mn、Fe、Zn比值次之,元素归还量都较大。P比值较低,归还量较少。刺槐林土壤化学元素贮存量是以Ca>N>Mg>Fe>K>P>Na>Mn>Al>Zn>Cu为序。植物对土壤中化学元素的富集系数以K、Al和P较高。人工林元素积累量与土壤元素贮存量之比,亦以K、P、Al比值较高。可见土壤中的K、P和Al相对是不足的。     

胡杨、灰叶胡杨种子营养化学成分的研究

对不同居群的胡杨、灰叶胡杨种子营养化学成分进行分析,结果表明,胡杨种子中可溶性糖、粗蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉的含量分别为9～12g·kg-1、38～44g·kg-1、21～62g·kg-1、1.9～2.3g·kg-1;灰叶胡杨种子中可溶性糖、粗蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉的含量分别为9～10g·kg-1、38～48g·kg-1、14～41g·kg-1、2.3～2.5g·kg-1.胡杨、灰叶胡杨不同居群种子中大量元素含量均以N最高,分别为6.0～6.9g·kg-1、6.3～7.6g·kg-1;微量元素含量排序一致,依次为Fe>Zn>Cu>Mn>Pb>Ni>Cd.统计分析表明,不同居群种子中可溶性糖、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、N、P、K、Ca、Mg的含量均呈现极显著差异;而淀粉与微量元素含量除一些差异不显著外,其余均达显著或极显著水平.     

瓯江下游流域河流沉积物重金属污染特征、来源及潜在生态风险评价

为了解瓯江下游流域及沿岸城郊入江河流沉积物中重金属的污染特征, 对瓯江流域下游及温州城区河流43个表层沉积物中Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As 和Pb 共7 种重金属元素的含量特征进行分析, 比较了城郊与城区、城区入江口与城区内部之间河流沉积物重金属含量的特征及差异并探讨其污染来源。结果表明: 沉积物中7 种重金属元素的含量由高到低依次为: Zn>Cr>Cu>Ni>Pb>Co>As, 与浙江省土壤背景值相比, 7 种重金属的平均含量超标1.5-4.9 倍,各种重金属的污染程度依次为: Co>Ni>Cr>Zn>As>Cu>Pb, 综合污染程度已达到警戒线等级。来源分析表明, 重金属元素Cu、Zn、Pb 和Cr 主要来自于工业污水排放及船舶交通等人类活动, Co 和As 主要来自于工业及农业生产活动, Ni主要来自于以工业为主的排污污染。潜在生态风险系数Eri 评价结果显示, 7 种重金属潜在生态风险大小为:Co>As>Cu>Ni>Pb>Cr>Zn, Co 元素处于较强生态风险等级; 潜在生态风险指数RI 介于72.05-107.80 之间, 其中55.5%的样点处于较强生态风险水平, 44.4%为中等生态风险水平, 研究区整体处于较强生态风险水平。     

东苕溪沉积物重金属生态风险评价和源解析

由于重金属毒性大, 且易在食物链中富集, 沉积物中的重金属会对水体生态环境造成严重污染, 因此对东苕溪23个采样点表层沉积物中主要的重金属As、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Mn和Ni含量及分布特征进行研究, 分析各种重金属来源, 并对重金属污染状况进行生态风险评价。结果表明: 东苕溪沉积物重金属平均浓度Mn>Pb> Zn> Cr> As> Cu> Ni> Co> Cd, As、Cd、Co、Cu、Pb、Zn和Mn的平均浓度均高于它们的环境背景值。多元统计分析结果表明沉积物中Cd、Co、Cr、Mn和Ni可能来源于自然环境, Cu、Pb 和Zn可能来源于生活污水和工业废水的排放, Pb还源于交通工具尾气和柴油机械排放的废弃物, As主要来源于农业活动, 例如化肥和农药的使用。地积累指数法和潜在生态危害评价法的结果表明, 东苕溪沉积物中的重金属整体上呈现中等的潜在生态危害, 东苕溪沉积物中的主要污染物为As和Cd, 由于东苕溪流域散布着大量的农田和一些工业园区, 农田中使用的肥料农药和工业活动中排放的废弃物是造成As和Cd含量高的原因。     

铜陵铜尾矿凤丹种植基地重金属污染初探

通过对安徽铜陵凤凰山铜尾矿凤丹种植基地土壤和凤丹中重金属污染状况进行采样分析.结果表明,在尾矿空白地和凤丹种植地土壤中Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn元素含量、存在形态差异明显,说明凤丹对尾矿土壤的修复效果明显;尾矿土壤中的Cu、Cd元素总量分别是国家土壤环境质量二级标准的436～1443倍和3.67～3.86倍,凤丹种植地重金属元素的CPI指数达到5.607,表明尾矿土壤中重金属元素污染仍相当严重.研究发现,4种元素在凤丹各部位含量明显不同:叶和根心为Cu>Zn>Pb>Cd,茎和根皮为Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd,根皮中Zn含量最高;土壤中重金属元素各形态的变化与凤丹体内相应元素总量无显著相关;丹皮内Cu、Cd、Pb元素含量与丹龄之间相关系数分别为0.842、0.993、0.992,Cu、Cd元素在凤丹体内含量约是出口药用植物绿色行业限量指标的1.43～2.53倍和1.17～3.17倍,可见缩短栽种时间可有效减少重金属元素对丹皮药效的影响.     

鼎湖山自然保护区不同演替阶段森林土壤中有效微量元素状况研究

三种森林表层土壤中有效微量元素的平均含量顺序为 :Fe >Zn>Mn>B >Cu >Mo,马尾松林的含量顺序为 :Fe>Zn>Cu >B >Mn >Mo,混交林和阔叶林与平均含量一致。三种森林有效Fe的含量均极高 ,表现出富铁状况 ,而有效Mn含量甚微 ,表明该区森林均严重缺Mn,有效Cu和Zn的含量处于中等水平 ,均高于其临界值。但处于演替初期阶段的马尾松林还缺B和Mo,混交林也略缺Mo。相关分析结果表明 ,土壤pH值与所考察的所有微量元素有效量之间均呈负相关 ,且与有效B、Cu和Fe相关极显著 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,与有效Mo相关显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;有机质与所考察的所有微量元素有效量之间均呈正相关 ,且与有效B和Fe相关极显著 ,与有效Mn相关显著     

亚热带樟树-马尾松混交林凋落物量及养分动态特征

选取亚热带典型的针阔混交林作为研究对象,从2009年至2011年每月进行凋落物的测定。结果表明：混交林年凋落物总量为（4634.723±337.1427） kg/hm²,且凋落叶（71.78%） > 凋落枝（26.24%） > 凋落碎屑（8.46%） > 凋落果（3.23%）。凋落总量的月变化趋势明显,在11月份达到了最大值1025.6 kg/hm²,而最小值出现在2月份138.606 kg/hm²。混交林凋落物中大量元素、微量元素含量差异显著。大量元素含量大小顺序：C > N > Ca > K > S > Mg > P,微量元素的含量大小顺序：Mn > Fe > Zn > Pb > Cd > Cu > Ni > Co。C/N的特征是：枝（66.96） > 果（63.48） > 叶（40.62）。森林凋落物养分的含量直接决定了其养分的归还量。樟树-马尾松混交林凋落物养分归还总量为80.936 kg/hm²。混交林凋落物各元素养分归还量大小顺序特征是：N > Ca > K > S > Mg > P > Mn > Fe > Zn > Pb > Cd > Cu > Ni > Co。各组分养分归还特征是：叶（67.469 kg/hm²） > 枝（14.928 kg/hm²） > 果（2.361 kg/hm²）。混交林中N的年归还量为40.964 kg/hm²,其中凋落叶的N归还量较大为34.877 kg/hm²。     

第2代杉木幼林生态系统水化学特征

对第 2代杉木幼林生态系统的降雨、穿透水、茎流、地表和地下径流等水文过程中 N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Fe、Zn和 Mn9种养分元素含量进行了连续 5 a的测定 ,结果表明 :降雨通过林冠后其化学特性发生明显变化 ,p H值出现酸化现象 ,穿透水中 Zn和 Org-N为负淋溶 ,其余各元素浓度有所增加。树干茎流的富集作用比穿透水强 ,其中 Zn为负 ,其它元素的浓度均比林外降雨的高。地表径流中 Zn>Org-N>NO3 -N,与降雨中含量相比较为淋失迁移型 ,Ca>K>Cu>Mg>P>NH4 -N>Mn>Fe为内贮型 ,p H值增大。地下径流中 Zn>Org-N>NH4 -N>K>Mn为淋失迁移型、Ca>Mg>Cu>NO3 -N>P>Fe为内贮型。该系统的水循环中 Ca>Mg>Fe>P为净损失、Zn>K>Org-N>NH4 -N>Mn>NO3 -N>Cu为净积累 ,与第 1代杉木林相比 ,第 2代杉木幼林水化学过滤与吸贮功能较差 ,系统稳定性也较弱 ,生态功能的恢复需要一定的时间     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.