农杆菌介导的大豆高频遗传转化

大豆(Glycine max(L.)Merrill)遗传转化目前常用的两种方法为农杆菌介导的子叶节转化系统和基因枪介导的体细胞胚转化,但这两种转化系统都存在转化频率低、难于重复及依赖于特定的基因型等问题.为了提高农杆菌介导的大豆子叶节的转化频率,采用了一种基于bar基因作为筛选标记基因的固体-液体筛选系统,与农杆菌共培养3d的大豆子叶节在MS添加2 mg/L 6-BA和5 mg/L的glufosinate的筛选培养基培养2周后,再转到含有0.01 mg/L TDZ和2mg/L glufosinate的液体培养基中筛选,并每周更换一次培养液.得到的再生芽首先经GUS分析为阳性后再转入生根培养基得到完整转化植株,然后通过Southern杂交分析证实外源基因整合到大豆基因组,转化植物含有1～2个基因拷贝数.该转化系统具有转化频率高、转化周期短以及不依赖于大豆基因型等优点,对影响该转化系统的一些因子进行了讨论.     

农杆菌介导的大豆高频遗传转化

大豆(Glycinemax(L.)Merrill)遗传转化目前常用的两种方法为农杆菌介导的子叶节转化系统和基因枪介导的体细胞胚转化,但这两种转化系统都存在转化频率低、难于重复及依赖于特定的基因型等问题。为了提高农杆菌介导的大豆子叶节的转化频率,采用了一种基于bar基因作为筛选标记基因的固体-液体筛选系统,与农杆菌共培养3d的大豆子叶节在MS添加2mg/L6-BA和5mg/L的glufosinate的筛选培养基培养2周后,再转到含有0.01mg/LTDZ和2mg/Lglufosinate的液体培养基中筛选,并每周更换一次培养液。得到的再生芽首先经GUS分析为阳性后再转入生根培养基得到完整转化植株,然后通过Southern杂交分析证实外源基因整合到大豆基因组,转化植物含有1~2个基因拷贝数。该转化系统具有转化频率高、转化周期短以及不依赖于大豆基因型等优点,对影响该转化系统的一些因子进行了讨论。     

罗汉果转抗病基因NPR1的研究

以罗汉果子叶为外植体,研究了影响根癌农杆菌介导的罗汉果遗传转化的若干因素,建立了罗汉果遗传转化体系.结果表明,5 d苗龄的子叶、预培养1 d、侵染20 min、共培养4 d、共培养温度22℃、AS100μmol/L、Hy浓度不定芽筛选为10 mg/L,生根筛选为20 mg/L转化率最高.抗性苗经PCR和Southern...     

深黄被孢霉△6-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因导入大豆

采用农杆菌介导的大豆子叶节转化系统成功地将深黄被孢霉△6-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因导入大豆.从发芽5-7d的大豆无菌苗切取子叶节外植体,经农杆菌浸染和共培养后,在含50 mg/L卡那霉素的选择培养基上培养2-4w后,从子叶节处诱导出抗性不定芽.将不定芽转移到伸长培养基上,4-6w后长至2-3em高的再生苗.再将再生苗切下转入生根培养基,2-6w生根.生根后的再生植株经逐步锻炼移入花盆中,部分移栽成活的T0植株能正常开花结荚.从T0植株上收获T1种子,按株系种植.T0和T1代经PCR检测和DNA分子杂交分析,证明外源基因已导入并整合到大豆的基因组内并能遗传给后代.     

深黄被孢霉Δ6—脂肪酸脱氢酶基因导入大豆

采用农杆菌介导的大豆子叶节转化系统成功地将深黄被孢霉Δ6-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因导入大豆。从发芽5—7d的大豆菌苗切取子叶节外植体,经农杆菌浸染和共培养后,在含50mg/L卡那霉素的选择培养基上培养2-4w后,从子叶节处诱导出抗性不定芽,将不定芽转移到伸长培养基上,4-6w后长至2-3cm高的再生苗,再将再生苗切下转入生根培养基,2-6w生根,生根后的再生植株经逐渐锻炼移入花盆中,部分移栽成活的T0植株能正常开花结荚。从T0植株上收获T1种子,按株系种植。T0和T1代经PCR检测和DNA分子杂交分析,证明外源基因已导入并整合到大豆的基因组内并能遗传给后代。     

高山被孢霉△6-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因转化大豆的研究

采用农杆菌介导的大豆子叶节转化系统成功地将高山被孢霉△^6-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因导入栽培大豆吉林43和黑龙37品种中。经农杆菌浸染和共培养后,在含50mg/L卡那霉素的选择培养基上连续筛选,获得一批转基因植株。经PCR检测和Southern杂交分析,证明外源基因已导入并整合到大豆的基因中组中。通过GC-MS对大豆种子进行脂肪酸色谱分析,结果表明,产生了γ-亚麻酸,其含量最高可达18.23%。     

根癌农杆菌介导的高羊茅遗传转化研究

采用携带卡那霉素抗性基因nptⅡ和Na^ ／H^ 反向运输AtNHX1基因的表达载体pROK2／AtNHX1(带有35S启动子)和pROK2U／AtNHX1(带有ubi1启动子)的根癌农杆菌AGL1和GV3101,对4个品种高羊茅下胚轴来源的胚性愈伤组织进行了遗传转化。胚性愈伤组织经根癌农杆菌感染和共培养后,用50～150mg／L巴龙霉素筛选抗性愈伤组织,获得1126棵再生植株,用10～20mg／L卡那霉素进一步筛选再生植株,总共得到525棵绿色抗性植株。抗性植株的总DNA用AtNHX1基因的特异引物进行PCR检测,其中21棵为PCR阳性,最高转化频率为1．77％。Southern杂交结果证实,外源基因以低拷贝整合到高羊茅的基因组中,实验发现,在不同品种之间转化效率有所差异。     

影响根癌农杆菌介导甜瓜转化NP-1基因的外部因子研究

以新疆伽师、皇后两个甜瓜品种的子叶切块与农杆菌共培养,将NP-1基因导入甜瓜。以再生植株的PCR检测阳性和卡那霉素抗性作为转化植株的初步判定。研究了甜瓜转化的外部因子：甜瓜子叶外植体经3d预培养,重悬于MS液体培养基使菌液浓度达OD600为0．6后进行侵染8～12min,再经3d共培养对转化最为有利;在侵染前进行0．2mg／L甘露醇高渗处理可提高转化率6．6％,乙酰丁香酮在甜瓜的转化中并未有显著影响。转化中卡那霉素合适筛选压力为100mg／L,转化后抑菌氨苄青霉素浓度为500mg／L有利于获取转化植株,转化率可达到12％。     

农杆菌介导大豆子叶节影响因素的研究

为提高大豆遗传转化效率,采用农杆菌介导遗传转化的方法,以大豆子叶节为外植体,研究共培养阶段浸染液浓度及外界培养条件(共培养温度和天数)和培养基添加物对转化效率和芽诱导率的影响。结果显示,浸染液OD600=0.5的诱导率最高,共培养温度为24℃,共培养天数为10 d具有较高转化效率,共培养基中加入一定浓度的单壁碳纳米管(Single-wall carbon nanotube,NM)对诱导卡那霉素抗性不定芽有促进作用。PCR检测表明PHR1基因已整合到T1代大豆基因组中,初步证明可在大豆基因组中稳定遗传。     

农杆菌介导的大豆子叶节非组织培养遗传转化体系优化

本研究以GUS基因在子叶节区的瞬时表达为依据,通过探讨影响农杆菌转化效率的因素,优化了大豆子叶节非组织培养遗传转化体系;利用该体系对冀豆16号进行Bar基因的遗传转化,并使用针刺法对转基因植株进行草铵膦筛选.结果表明,侵染液中附加3％蔗糖、OD600=0.6、以脱脂棉作为菌液附着介质同时不添加表面活性剂Silwet L-77、侵染1次的GUS阳性率最高达到62.13％.草铵膦抗性植株经PCR检测获得T0阳性植株10个,转化率为2.5％.经PCR和RT-PCR鉴定共获得3株T1阳性植株,初步证明目的基因已整合到大豆基因组中.     

Hypocotyl-based <Emphasis Type="Italic">Agrobacterium</Emphasis>-mediated transformation of soybean (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Glycine max</Emphasis>) and application for RNA interference

An efficient system of gene transformation is necessary for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] functional genomics and gene modification by using RNA interference (RNAi) technology. To establish such system, we improved the conditions of tissue culture and transformation for increasing the frequency of adventitious shoots and decreasing the browning and necrosis of hypocotyls. Adding N(6)-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and silver nitrate in culture medium enhanced the shoot formation on hypocotyls. BAP increased the frequency of the hypocotyls containing adventitious shoots, while silver nitrate increased the number of shoots on the hypocotyls. As a result, the number of adventitious shoots on hypocotyls cultured in medium containing both BAP and silver nitrate was 5-fold higher than the controls. Adding antioxidants in co-cultivation medium resulted in a significant decrease in occurrence of browning and necrosis of hypocotyls and increase in levels of beta-Glucuronidase (GUS) gene expression. Histochemical assays showed that the apical meristem of hypocotyls was the "target tissue" for Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation of soybean. Gene silencing of functional gene by using RNAi technology was carried out under above conditions. A silencing construct containing an inverted-repeat fragment of the GmFAD2 gene was introduced into soybean by using the A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Several lines with high oleic acid were obtained, in which mean oleic acid content ranged from 71.5 to 81.9%. Our study demonstrates that this transgenic approach could be efficiently used to improve soybean quality and productivity through functional genomics.     

The effect of co-cultivation and selection parameters on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Agrobacterium</Emphasis>-mediated transformation of Chinese soybean varieties

In the present study, an efficient Agrobacterium-mediated gene transformation system was developed for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] based on the examinations of several factors affecting plant transformation efficiency. Increased transformation efficiencies were obtained when the soybean cotyledonary node were inoculated with the Agrobacterium inoculum added with 0.02% (v/v) surfactant (Silwet L-77). The applications of Silwet L-77 (0.02%) during infection and l-cysteine (600 mg l⁻¹) during co-cultivation resulted in more significantly improved transformation efficiency than each of the two factors alone. The optimized temperature for infected explant co-cultivation was 22°C. Regenerated transgenic shoots were selected and produced more efficiently with the modified selection scheme (initiation on shoot induction medium without hygromycin for 7 days, with 3 mg l⁻¹ hygromycin for 10 days, 5 mg l⁻¹ hygromycin for another 10 days, and elongation on shoot elongation medium with 8 mg l⁻¹ hygromycin). Using the optimized system, we obtained 145 morphologically normal and fertile independent transgenic plants in five important Chinese soybean varieties. The transformation efficacies ranged from 3.8 to 11.7%. Stable integration, expression and inheritance of the transgenes were confirmed by molecular and genetic analysis. T₁ plants were analyzed and transmission of transgenes to the T₁ generation in a Mendelian fashion was verified. This optimized transformation system should be employed for efficient Agrobacterium-mediated soybean gene transformation.     

根癌农杆菌介导蓝猪耳转化的影响因素研究

研究了根癌农杆菌介导蓝猪耳转化的影响因子。结果表明,以蓝色花类型蓝猪耳5~6周的叶片为外植体,在OD₆₀₀为0.5~0.6的活化菌液中浸染5~10min,暗培养4d后,在愈伤组织诱导培养基(MS+BA 1.0mg/L+2,4-D 0.1mg/L)上生长14d,获得抗性愈伤组织;经芽诱导培养基(1/2MS+BA 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L)培养28d得到抗性芽;生根培养基(1/2MS)上培养14d得到抗性植株。经PCR检测证实外源基因已整合到蓝猪耳基因组中,转化率达13%~14%。Cef和Hyg浓度对转化影响较大,转化的不同阶段其适宜浓度不同。     

一种快速有效的741杨离体叶片再生芽方法

在对杂交品种741杨(Populus alba(P.davidiana×P.simonii)×P.tomentosa)进行农杆菌介导法转基因的试验中发现了一种快速有效的叶片再生芽的方法.首先叶片外植体在培养基Ⅰ(MS培养基添加0.5 mg/L BA和1.0 mg/L 2,4-D)上培养2～3 d,再转移到培养基SH(MSmedium containing 2.0 mg/L of BA and 0.1 mg/L of NAA)上培养10 d,然后再转移到培养基Ⅱ(MSmedium with 0.5 mg/L of BA)上,培养大约5 d之后86.7%的叶片外植体产生的芽,每片叶片外植体(1 cm×1 cm)可产生40～50个芽.但是,如果叶片外植体在培养基Ⅰ上培养的时间长于5 d,再依次转移到培养基SH和Ⅱ上,则叶片会产生大量根.     

采用俄罗斯橄榄叶片和茎段诱导产生不定芽的高效再生方法

俄罗斯橄榄(Elaeagnus angustifolia L.)是一种具有很重要药用价值和生态意义的植物。以俄罗斯橄榄一年生幼苗的叶片和茎段为实验材料,探讨了细胞分裂素类(6-BA和Zt)和生长素类(NAA和IBA)两类激素不同组合以及不同配比对植株再生的影响,最后建立了一个高效的俄罗斯橄榄再生方法。结果表明,MS 培养基+ 0.5 mg/L 6-BA +0.2 mg/L NAA更适合叶片的再生,平均每个外植体能产生多达4.3个不定芽;而在MS培养基 + 1.0 mg/L Zt +0.5 mg/L NAA的条件下,茎段外植体再生出来的不定芽最多可以达到平均3.6个;再生芽在含有0.5 mg/L NAA的1/2 MS培养基上生根率达到100%。体外再生苗移栽到装有灭菌混合土(土∶泥炭∶沙子=1∶1∶1)的花盆中锻炼驯化,最后有77%的再生植株存活下来。此结果不仅对俄罗斯橄榄种质资源保护有重要的促进作用,另外也为其将来的遗传转化奠定了基础。     

High-frequency regeneration and transformation ofRaphanus savus

We have achieved high-frequency shoot regeneration in radish(Raphanus sativus). Cotyledon explants from four-day-old seedlings were suitable for the effective induction of shoots on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium containing 3.0 mg/L kinetin. We also determined that it was essential to include 1- to 2-ram petiole segments with the cotyledons for efficient induction. When the regenerated shoots were transferred to an MS liquid medium containing 0.1 mg/L NAA, roots formed within four weeks, and normal plant development ensued. We established a transformation protocol using anAgrobacterium binary vector that carries the GUS reporter gene. Preculturing the explants for I d in an MS medium containing 3.0 mg/L kinetin also increased efficiency. Five days of cocultivation proved best for delivering T-DNA into radish. Transformation frequencies of up to 52% were obtained in shoot induction media that contained 3.0 mg/L kinetin.     

毛白杨非转化组培根及Ri质粒转化植株的根切段在培养中分化的比较(简报)

毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)是我国特有的树种,适应性强,枝叶茂盛,防护性能好,且材质轻软,纹理细致。既是重要的速生用材树种,又是防护林和行道绿化的重要树种,它也是造纸、火柴、纤维工业的重要原料。虽然毛白杨能通过扦插等技术进行繁殖,但毛白杨扦插时生根比较困难。通过导入外源的与激素合成有关的基因来调节再生植株在组织培养中的分化在草本植物中已有不少报道,见许智宏等。本研究试图通过比较正常植株与发根农杆菌Ri质粒转化的再生植株的根切段在培养中分化的差异,以期能建立一种有效的毛白杨的遗传转化系统。     

中国传统菊花品种‘小林静’再生及转化体系的建立

以中国传统菊花品种‘小林静’叶片为外植体,建立了‘小林静’较好的再生体系及遗传转化体系.结果表明,‘小林静’叶盘最适不定芽分化培养基为MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+1.5 mg/L NAA,不定芽分化率为92.76％,平均再生不定芽数为2.3767个;试管苗最佳生根培养基为1/2MS,生根率达100％.移栽采用灭菌的蛭石,再生苗移栽成活率达90％以上.采用根癌农杆菌C58C1介导的叶盘转化法进行‘小林静’的遗传转化试验,农杆菌OD600=0.5-0.6,侵染10 min后,将叶片外植体接种到MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+1.5mg/L NAA的培养基中黑暗共培养2d,之后转接到附加10 mg/L硫酸卡那霉素和400 mg/L羧苄青霉素的分化筛选培养基中进行转化细胞的筛选,待长出抗性芽后转接至生根培养基中进行培养,最终建立了菊花品种‘小林静’的遗传转化体系.