三种鼠尾草注射液对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

本文研究了云南产鼠尾草属药物滇丹参、甘西鼠尾、褐毛甘西鼠尾对急性心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用 ,并与丹参进行对比其疗效的相似性。结扎大鼠冠脉左前降支 ,30分钟后剪断结扎线造成心肌缺血再灌注模型 ,经股静脉给药。测定再灌注 6 0分钟后血清中CK、LDH、SOD、GSH -Px和MDA含量。结果滇丹参、甘西鼠尾、褐毛甘西鼠尾可以显著降低心肌缺血再灌注后血清CK、LDH和MDA含量 ,升高血清SOD和GSH -Px活力 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5 ) ,与丹参有相似的抗心肌缺血再灌注损伤作用。     

三种滇产鼠尾草注射液抗大鼠心肌缺血及细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的：探讨三种滇产鼠尾草注射液(滇丹参、甘西鼠尾、褐毛甘西鼠尾)对大鼠心肌缺血与细胞凋亡的保护作用。方法：采用大鼠冠脉结扎模型,研究三种滇产鼠尾草注射液对缺血心肌心电图、血清CK、LDH的影响,光镜、电镜下心肌细胞形态学的变化及对细胞凋亡的影响。结果：三种药物均能显著减轻心电图ST段升高,降低心肌酶(CK、LDH)活性,缩小心肌梗塞面积,减轻心肌细胞超微结构损伤,降低心肌细胞凋亡率。结论：三种药物均有抗心肌缺血与细胞凋亡的作用。     

褐毛甘西鼠尾注射液对大鼠在体心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

本实验与丹参进行对比研究云南产鼠尾草属药物褐毛甘西鼠尾对急性心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。采用结扎大鼠冠脉左前降支方法造成心肌缺血再灌注模型,测定再灌注60 min后血清中CK、LDH、SOD、GSH-Px和MDA含量。实验结果显示:该药可以显著降低心肌缺血再灌注后血清CK、LDH和MDA含量,升高血清SOD和GSH-Px活力(P<0.01,P<0.05)。表明褐毛甘西鼠尾对在体缺血/再灌注心肌有保护作用。     

两种滇产鼠尾草复方注射液对大鼠在体心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

与复方丹参注射液（丹参＋三七）比较,探讨两种滇产鼠尾草复方注射液。即复方滇丹参（滇丹参＋三七）和复方甘西鼠尾（甘西鼠尾＋三七）对大鼠在体心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。采用在体缺血再灌注模型,缺血30min复灌60min。实验过程中用II导联记录心电图ST段和心率变化,实验后测定心室梗塞面积。结果：这两种复方鼠尾草注射液能显著降低在体心肌缺血和再灌注过程中ST段抬高水平。轻度加快缺血再灌注过程心率,相似于复方丹参;这两种鼠尾草复方注射液均能明显减少心室梗塞面积。这两种滇产鼠尾草复方注射液均有较好的抗心肌缺血再灌注损伤作用,与复方丹参注射液相似。     

封闭群草原兔尾鼠正常血液生化指标的测定

利用雅培 (AEROSET)全自动血液生化测定仪对封闭群草原兔尾鼠 2 3项血液正常生化指标进行了测定。与昆明小鼠、BALB c nu小鼠、Wistar大鼠、人的正常值相比较 ,该种实验动物血液正常生化指标具有以下特点 :①总蛋白 (TPROT)、白蛋白 (ALB)、球蛋白 (GLOB)、总胆红素 (TBILI)、直接胆红素 (DBILI)、间接胆红素 (IBILI)、尿素氮 (UREA)、二氧化碳 (CO2 )、甘油三脂 (TG)、胆固醇 (CHOL)、钠 (Na)、氯 (Cl)、镁(Mg)、总钙 (TCA)的测定值 ,五者间无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;②封闭群草原兔尾鼠与昆明小鼠相比 ,谷草转氨酶 (AST)、谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)、糖 (GLU)、钾 (K)、磷 (P3 + )存在显著性差异 (P <0 0 1或P <0 0 5 ) ;③封闭群草原兔尾鼠与BALB c nu小鼠相比 ,谷草转氨酶 (AST)、谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)、碱性磷酸酶 (ALP)、糖 (GLU)测定值 ,存在显著性差异 (P <0 0 1或P <0 0 5 ) ;④封闭群草原兔尾鼠与Wistar大鼠相比 ,谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、钾、糖测定值 ,存在显著性差异 (P <0 0 1或P <0 0 5 ) ;⑤封闭群草原兔尾鼠与人相比 ,谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)、肌肝 (CREAT)、尿酸 (UA)、钾 (K)存在显著性差异 (P <0 0 1或P <0 0 5 )。结果表明 :该种动物可能适合于作为研     

鼠尾藓不同居群间形态及RAPD 分析

选取采自黑龙江、内蒙古、陕西以及浙江地区的8个居群的鼠尾藓为实验材料,对不同居群的鼠尾藓叶片的形态、叶细胞的大小及植物体的形态进行了观察比较,同时运用随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）探讨了鼠尾藓的遗传多样性。利用13条随机引物共获得104个条带,其中多态性条带占84．62％。鼠尾藓各居群间的Dice遗传距离为0．37～0．66。POPGENE32软件分析得到种的Nei基因多样性指数（H）为0．3326,Shannon指数（I）为0．4877,遗传分化系数（GST）为0．3303。形态学观察的结果表明,鼠尾藓的植物体及叶片的形态在居群间变异较小,很好地代表了这个种的特征;而叶细胞的大小及叶尖长度的变异程度较大,说明这些形态特征易受环境影响,代表了种下水平的差异。不同居群的鼠尾藓无论在遗传上还是在形态上都表现出明显的多样性,说明鼠尾藓具有较强的适应环境的能力。     

鼻腔接种伤寒杆菌Fe-SOD对鼠伤寒杆菌攻击小鼠的免疫保护作用

为探讨鼻腔接种伤寒杆菌Fe-SOD对鼠伤寒杆菌攻击小鼠的交叉免疫保护作用,用IL－1作为佐剂,将伤寒杆菌Fe-SOD经鼻腔接种小鼠,再以不同剂鼠伤寒杆菌攻击,观察小鼠的存活情况,当用IL－1作为佐剂时,经鼻腔接种伤寒杆菌Fe-SOD的小鼠在2LD50鼠伤寒杆菌攻击后,3天和7天的存活率均明显高于对照组（P＜0．01或P＜0．05）,当以5LD50鼠直菌攻击时,小鼠7天的存活率明显高于对照组（P＜0．01）。结果说明伤寒杆菌Fe-SOD经鼻腔接种后对鼠伤寒杆菌的攻击可产生一定的免疫保护作用,也进一步说明了Fe-SOD是沙门氏菌的共同保护性抗原。     

电磁脉冲对孕鼠及其胚胎的影响

目的：探讨电磁脉冲（electromagneticpulses,E脚）对孕期小鼠及其胚胎发育的影响。方法：采用不同场强的EMP（分别为0、50、100、200、400kV·m-1）辐照器官形成期的BALB／c孕鼠,于孕18天解剖小鼠,测量孕鼠体重增长值、脏器／体重,胎盘重、胎鼠体重、身长、尾长,并记录吸收胎、死胎、生长发育迟缓及畸胎的数量。结果：各辐照剂量组孕鼠体重增长值、脏器／体重与对照组相比均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;胎盘重、胎鼠体重、身长、尾长数值明显低于对照组（P〈O．01）。50、400kV·m-1和100、200、400kV·m-1辐照组可分别导致死胎率和生长发育迟缓率增加（P〈0．05）,在400kV·m-1的EMP辐照组中,畸胎数也有升高的趋势,其中,畸胎主要表现为肢体和骨发育异常。结论：本实验条件下,不同场强的EMP辐照可对器官形成期小鼠胚胎的生长发育产生一定的影响,胚胎肢芽及骨发育可能是EMP作用的特殊靶点。     

调内消癖丸对小鼠耳廓微循环的影响

目的观察词内消癖丸活血化瘀、促进小鼠耳廓毛细血管开放,改善微循环的功能,探讨调内消癖丸对小鼠耳廓微循环的影响。方法采用直接给药的试验方法。结果调内消癖丸能促进小鼠耳廓毛细血管开放,改善微循环（P＜0．05,P＜0．01,P＜0．001）。结论调内消癖丸能活血化瘀、改善微循环为临床用药提供依据。     

微生态制剂益康口服液对微循环和血栓形成的影响

目的：观察益康口服液(双歧杆菌、乳酸链球菌、人参、茯苓、黄芪等)对微动脉(A)、微静脉(V)及微静脉血流速度(v)的作用和大鼠血栓形成的影响。方法：体微循环实验观察微生态制剂益康口服液对正常小鼠耳廓微循环的影响;利用大鼠体外颈总动脉-颈外静脉血流旁路法形成血小板血栓,观察益康口服液对大鼠血栓形成的影响。结果：益康口服液能明显扩张微动脉、微静脉,明显加快微静脉血流速度;提示其具有较好的改善微循环作用。结论：益康口服液能够抑制大鼠血栓的形成,提示其具有抗血小板粘附聚集作用。     

滇丹参注射液对兔血小板功能的影响

观察云南产滇丹参对血小板聚集功能的影响.方法采用Bom氏比浊法,测定滇丹参体内、体外对抗ADP、PAF、AA诱导的兔血小板聚集的作用.体外每种药物浓度分别为40 g/L、20 g/L、10 g/L、5 g/L、2.5 g/L,体内实验分为7组,即生理盐水组、两种丹参低中高剂量组分别为5 g/kg、10 g/kg、20 g/kg,每组6只.结果与对照组相比,滇丹参体外显著抑制ADP、AA诱导的血小板聚集,抑制效应呈浓度-效应关系(P＜0.05,0.01),IC50为33.7 g/L(ADP)、18.1 g/L(AA).滇丹参也显著抑制PAF诱导的血小板聚集,其最大抑制率为36.8%;体内实验结果显示,滇丹参在高剂量时可显著抑制ADP、PAF和AA诱导的血小板聚集(P＜0.05,0.01),且均具有剂量依赖性.滇丹参在药后20 min开始显效,40 min达到最大抑制作用,抑制率分别为95.6%(ADP)、91.5%(PAF)和88.5%(AA).结论以上结果表明,滇丹参体外、体内显著抑制血小板聚集,且其抗血小板聚集作用优于丹参,为进一步开发和利用滇丹参提供了依据.     

山西霍山五角枫不同海拔种群遗传多样性研究

利用SRAP分子标记分析山西霍山不同海拔五角枫种群的遗传多样性和遗传结构。11对引物组合共得到88个重复性好的位点;Nei基因多样性指数（ h）在0.1996～0.3163之间,平均为0.2373;Shannon多样性指数（ I）范围为0.2995～0.4936,平均为0.3535;在物种水平上,多态位点百分率（ PPB）为98.86％,表现出较高地遗传多样性。 ANOVA分析表明,遗传变异主要存在于五角枫种群内（79％）,21％的分子变异分布在种群间。基于遗传距离进行UPGMA聚类分析,5个五角枫种群聚为明显的2支。相关分析显示：五角枫的多样性指数与地理梯度均无显著或极显著相关。     

金黄色葡萄球菌L型的药敏试验分析

本文从血液和骨髓标本中分离出的金黄色葡萄球菌Ｌ型,分别用Ｌ型平板和ＭＨ平板做药敏试验,结果显示庆大霉素（ＧＥＮ）、氯霉素（ＣＭＰ）、红霉素（ＥＲＹ）、氧哌青霉素（ＰＩＰ）、卡那霉素（ＫＡＮ）、万古霉素（ＶＡＮ）在ＭＨ平板上比在Ｌ型平板上的药物敏感率高,耐药中低（Ｐ＜０．０５）;而氨苄青霉素（ＡＭＰ）、羧苄青霉素（ＣＡＲ）、先锋霉素（ＣＥＦ）、丁胺卡那霉素（ＡＫＮ）、氟哌酸（ＦＰＡ）、先锋必（ＥＦＯＢＩＤ））、螺旋霉素（ＳＰＩ）药物敏感中比Ｌ型平板上低,耐药率高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。苯唑青霉素（ＯＸＡ）、菌必治（ＲＯＣ）、利福平（ＲＩＦＰ）、麦迪霉素（ＭＩＤ）则在两种培养基上的敏感和耐药率基本相同（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

Site-specific cleavage of the 40S ribosomal subunit reveals eukaryote-specific ribosomal protein S28 in the subunit head

After resolving the crystal structure of the prokaryotic ribosome, mapping the proteins in the eukaryotic ribosome is a challenging task. We applied RNase H digestion to split the human 40S ribosomal subunit into head and body parts. Mass spectrometry of the proteins in the 40S subunit head revealed the presence of eukaryote-specific ribosomal protein S28e. Recombinant S28e was capable of specific binding to the 3′ major domain of the 18S rRNA (K_a = 8.0 ± 0.5 × 10⁹ M⁻¹). We conclude that S28e has a binding site on the 18S rRNA within the 40S subunit head.

Structured summary

MINT-8044084: S8 (uniprotkb:P62241) and S19 (uniprotkb:P39019) colocalize (MI:0403) by cosedimentation through density gradient (MI:0029)MINT-8044095: S8 (uniprotkb:P62241), S19 (uniprotkb:P39019) and S13 (uniprotkb:P62277) colocalize (MI:0403) by cosedimentation through density gradient (MI:0029)MINT-8044024: S29 (uniprotkb:P62273), S28 (uniprotkb:P62857), S21 (uniprotkb:P63220), S20 (uniprotkb:P60866), S26 (uniprotkb:P62854), S25 (uniprotkb:P62851), S12 (uniprotkb:P25398), S17 (uniprotkb:P08708), S19 (uniprotkb:P39019), S14 (uniprotkb:P62263), S16 (uniprotkb:P62249) and S11 (uniprotkb:P62280) colocalize (MI:0403) by cosedimentation through density gradient (MI:0029)MINT-8044065: S29 (uniprotkb:P62273), S28 (uniprotkb:P62857), S19 (uniprotkb:P39019), S14 (uniprotkb:P62263) and S16 (uniprotkb:P62249) colocalize (MI:0403) by cosedimentation through density gradient (MI:0029)     

Efficacy and safety of Saccharomyces boulardii in the 14-day triple anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy: a prospective randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study

Background: Recent studies indicate a potential role of Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of Helicobacter pylori treatment‐related side‐effects and also in improvement of eradication rate. Our aim is to investigate the efficacy and safety of S. boulardii in the prevention of side‐effects related to H. pylori eradication. The secondary aim of the study was to define the effect of S. boulardii on the eradication success of anti‐H. pylori therapy. Materials and methods: One hundred and twenty‐four patients with H. pylori infection (male/female: 44/80, mean age: 48 ± 14.25 year) receiving 14 days of triple therapy (clarithromycin 500 mg b.i.d., amoxicillin 1000 mg b.i.d., and lansoprazole 30 mg b.i.d.) were randomly assigned to S. boulardii or placebo. Dyspeptic symptoms were recorded by using modified Glasgow Dyspepsia Questionnaire (GDQ). Side‐effect profile and tolerability were assessed using a symptom‐based questionnaire. H. pylori status was rechecked after 6 weeks after completion of eradication therapy. Results: H. pylori eradication rate, although higher in the treatment group, was statistically similar in treatment and control groups: 71% (44/62) versus 59.7% (37/62), respectively (p > .05). Nine (14.5%) patients in the treatment group and 19 (30.6%) patients in the placebo group experienced diarrhea (p < .05). Epigastric discomfort was more frequent in the control group [9 (14.5%) versus 27 (43.5%), respectively (p < .01)]. Diffuse abdominal pain, abdominal gas, taste disturbance, urticaria, nausea symptoms were similar in both groups. GDQ scores after treatment were significantly better for treatment group (mean ± SD, range: 1.38 ± 1.25 (0–5) vs. 2.22 ± 1.44 (0–6), respectively; p < .01). Conclusion: S. boulardii improved anti‐H. pylori antibiotherapy‐associated diarrhea, epigastric discomfort, and treatment tolerability. In addition, S. boulardii supplement decreased post‐treatment dyspepsia symptoms independent of H. pylori status. However, S. boulardii had no significant affect on the rate of H. pylori eradication.     

DIVERSITY IN THE GENUS SKELETONEMA (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE). II. AN ASSESSMENT OF THE TAXONOMY OF S. COSTATUM‐LIKE SPECIES WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF FOUR NEW SPECIES1

The morphology of strains of Skeletonema Greville emend Sarno et Zingone was examined in LM, TEM, and SEM and compared with sequence data from nuclear small subunit rDNA and partial large subunit rDNA. Eight distinct entities were identified, of which four were known: S. menzelii Guillard, Carpenter et Reimann; S. pseudocostatum Medlin emend. Zingone et Sarno; S. subsalsum (Cleve) Bethge; and S. tropicum Cleve. The other four species were new: S. dohrnii Sarno et Kooistra sp. nov., S. grethae Zingone et Sarno sp. nov., S. japonicum Zingone et Sarno sp. nov., and S. marinoi Sarno et Zingone sp. nov. Skeletonema species fell into four morphologically distinct groups corresponding to four lineages in the small subunit and large subunit trees. Lineage I included S. pseudocostatum, S. tropicum, S. grethae, and S. japonicum. All have external processes of the fultoportulae with narrow tips that connect with those of sibling cells via fork‐, knot‐, or knuckle‐ like junctions. Lineage II included only the solitary species S. menzelii. Lineage III comprised S. dohrnii and S. marinoi. This latter pair have flattened and flared extremities of the processes of the fultoportulae, which interdigitate with those of contiguous valves without forming knots or knuckles. Lineage IV only contained the brackish water species S. subsalsum. Some species also differ in their distribution and seasonal occurrence. These findings challenge the concept of S. costatum as a single cosmopolitan and opportunistic species and calls for reinterpretation of the vast body of research data based on this species.     

Identification of cultured and uncultured picocyanobacteria from a mesotrophic freshwater lake based on the partial sequences of 16S rDNA

Eight cultured strains (OK01, OK02, OK03, OK05, OK07, OK08, OK09, and OK10) of picocyanobacteria were isolated from Lake Okutama. Five cyanobacterial DNA fragments (DGGE bands; B4, B5, B6, B7, and B8) were obtained from the lake water samples by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of 16S ribosomal genes. To classify the picocyanobacterial strains and the DGGE bands, a partial sequence of 16S rDNA was used. Among seven strains, OK01, OK07, and OK09 were identified as the genus Synechococcus and OK02 and OK05 as the genus Phormidium. OK03 was identified as the genus Oscillatoria and was closely related to B4 (100% homology). B5, B6, B7, and B8 were related to the genus Synechococcus. These results revealed that the picocyanobacteria in the lake are phylogenetically diverse. PCR-DGGE analysis is a useful tool to determine picocyanobacterial community structure in freshwater environments. Received: February 25, 2001 / Accepted: July 27, 2001     

布拉酵母菌与酪酸梭菌治疗婴幼儿轮状病毒性肠炎的疗效及安全性比较

目的比较布拉酵母菌与酪酸梭菌治疗小儿轮状病毒性肠炎（Rotavirus viral enteritis,RVE）的疗效及安全性。方法将68例RVE患儿随机分为观察组和对照组。两组均予常规治疗（抗病毒、补液、纠正水电解质及酸碱平衡紊乱）。对照组予以酪酸梭菌,〈1岁0.25 g/次,〉1岁0.50 g/次,bid口服;观察组用布拉酵母菌,〈1岁0.125 g/次,〉1岁0.25 g/次,bid口服。5 d为一个疗程,观察两组患儿治疗后临床疗效、症状与体征消失时间及不良反应。结果观察组临床总有效率为94.29%,明显高于对照组的69.70%（χ^2=7.06,P〈0.01）。观察组症状与体征消失时间明显短于对照组（P〈0.01）。治疗过程中对照组便秘3例,腹痛1例。观察组未见明显不良反应。结论布拉酵母菌治疗小儿RVE具有较好的临床疗效及安全性。     

Endotoxin enhances microvascular thrombosis in mouse cremaster venules via a TLR4-dependent, neutrophil-independent mechanism

Endotoxemia promotes adhesive interactions between platelets and microvascular endothelium in vivo. We sought to determine whether endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) modified platelet thrombus formation in mouse cremaster venules and whether Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and neutrophils were involved in the response. Intravital videomicroscopy was performed in the cremaster microcirculation of pentobarbital-anesthetized mice; venular platelet thrombi were induced with a light/dye endothelial injury model. C57BL/6 mice treated with Escherichia coli endotoxin had enhanced rates of venular platelet thrombus formation: the time to microvessel occlusion was reduced by approximately 50% (P < 0.005) compared with saline-treated animals. Enhanced microvascular thrombosis was evident as early as 2 h after LPS administration. LPS had no effect on thrombosis in either of two mouse strains with altered TLR4 signaling (C57BL/10ScNJ or C3H/HeJ), whereas it enhanced thrombosis in the control strains (C57BL/10J and C3H/HeN). LPS also enhanced platelet adhesion to endothelium in the absence of light/dye injury. Platelet adhesion, but not enhanced thrombosis, was inhibited by depletion of circulating neutrophils. LPS failed to enhance platelet aggregation ex vivo and did not influence platelet P-selectin expression, a marker of platelet activation. These findings support the notion that endotoxemia promotes platelet thrombus formation independent of neutrophils and without enhancement of platelet aggregation, via a TLR4-dependent mechanism.