贺兰山划蝽科中国新纪录种记述

贺兰山划蝽科中国新纪录种记述ＮＥＷＲＥＣＯＲＤＥＤＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＯＦＣＯＲＩＸＩＤＡＥ（ＨＥＭＩＰＴＥＲＡ：ＣＯＲＩＸＩＤＡＥ）ＦＲＯＭＨＥＬＡＮＭＯＵＮＴＡＩＮ,ＣＨＩＮＡ￥Ｊｏｒｉｇｔｏｏ;Ｎｏｎｎａｉｚａｂ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＢｉｏｌｏｇ...     

中国革螨二新纪录种（蜱螨亚纲：厉螨科、巨螫螨科）

中国革螨二新纪录种（蜱螨亚纲：厉螨科、巨螫螨科）ＴＷＯＮＥＷＬＹＲＥＣＯＲＤＥＤＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＯＦＧＡＭＡＳＩＮＡＦＲＯＭＣＨＩＮＡ（ＡＣＡＲＩ：ＬＡＥＬＡＰＩＤＡＥ,ＭＡＣＲＯＣＨＥＬＩＤＡＥ）￥ＹＥＲＵＩ－ＹＵ（ＸｉｎｊｉａｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ...     

东北鼢鼠种群生长指标的主分量分析

东北鼢鼠种群生长指标的主分量分析ＰＲＩＮＣＩＰＡＬＣＯＭＰＯＮＥＮＴＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＯＦＧＲＯＷＴＨＩＮＤＥＸＯＦＰＯＰＵＬＡＴＩＯＮＦＯＲＭＡＮＣＨＵＲＩＡＮＺＯＫＯＲ（ＭＹＯＰＡＬＡＸＰＳＩＬＵＲＡＳ）东北鼢鼠（Ｍｙｏｐａｌａｘｐｓｉｌｕｒａｓ...     

STUDIES ON THE PATTERN OF MEGASPOROGENESIS AND MICROTUBULAR CYTOSKELETON CHANGES IN CYMBIDIUM SINENSE

ＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＮＴＨＥＰＡＴＴＥＲＮＯＦＭＥＧＡＳＰＯＲＯＧＥＮＥＳＩＳＡＮＤＭＩＣＲＯＴＵＢＵＬＡＲＣＹＴＯＳＫＥＬＥＴＯＮＣＨＡＮＧＥＳＩＮＣＹＭＢＩＤＩＵＭＳＩＮＥＮＳＥ￥Ｓ．Ｙ．ＺｅｅＸ．Ｌ．Ｙｅ（１ＢｏｔａｎｙＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔ,Ｕｎｉ...     

中国伞滑刃线虫属─新纪录（真滑刃目：寄生滑刃科）

中国伞滑刃线虫属─新纪录（真滑刃目：寄生滑刃科）ＴＨＥＮＥＷＲＥＣＯＲＤＯＦＢＵＲＳＡＰＨＥＬＥＮＣＨＵＳＦＲＯＭＣＨＩＮＡ（ＡＰＨＥＬＥＮＣＨＩＤＡ：ＰＡＲＡＳＩＴＡＰＨＥＬＥＮＣＨＩＤＡＥ）￥ＹＩＮＧａｎ－ｌｉｕ;ＦＡＮＧＹｕ－ｓｈｅｎｇ（Ｄｅｐ...     

外滑刃线虫属在中国首次发现（真滑刃目：滑刃超科）

外滑刃线虫属在中国首次发现（真滑刃目：滑刃超科）方羽生,尹淦Ｈ（华南农业大学植保系５１０６４２）ＯＮＴＨＥＤＩＳＣＯＶＥＲＹＯＦＴＨＥＧＥＮＵＳＥＫＴＡＰＨＥＬＥＮＣＨＯＩＤＥＳＦＲＯＭＣＨＩＮＡ（ＡＰＨＥＬＥＮＣＨＩＤＡ：ＡＰＨＥＬＥＮＣＨＯＩＤＩ...     

中国革螨三新纪录种（蝉螨亚纲：厉螨科，血革螨科，寄螨科）

中国革螨三新纪录种（蝉螨亚纲：厉螨科,血革螨科,寄螨科）ＴＨＲＥＥＮＥＷＲＥＣＯＲＤＳＯＦＧＡＭＡＳＩＮＡＦＲＯＭＣＨＩＮＡ（ＡＣＡＲＩ：ＬＡＥＬＡＰＩＤＡＥ,ＨＡＥＭＯＧＡＭＡＳＩＤＡＥ,ＰＡＲＡＳＩＴＩＤＡＥ）１展开拟厉螨Ｌａｅｌａｓｐｉｓｐａｔ...     

NEW SPECIES OF SAWFLIES(HYMENOPTERA:TENTHREDINIDAE)IN THE COLLECTION OF ENTOMOLOGICAL MUSEUM OF NORTHWESTERN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY

ＮＥＷＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＯＦＳＡＷＦＬＩＥＳ（ＨＹＭＥＮＯＰＴＥＲＡ：ＴＥＮＴＨＲＥＤＩＮＩＤＡＥ）ＩＮＴＨＥＣＯＬＬＥＣＴＩＯＮＯＦＥＮＴＯＭＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬＭＵＳＥＵＭＯＦＮＯＲＴＨＷＥＳＴＥＲＮＡＧＲＩＣＵＬＴＵＲＡＬＵＮＩＶＥＲＳＩＴＹＷＥＩＭｅ...     

植物胚胎学实验方法（七）同时显示胚中贮藏的淀粉,蛋白质和脂类的永久制片法

植物胚胎学实验方法（七）同时显示胚中贮藏的淀粉、蛋白质和脂类的永久制片法胡适宜（北京大学生物系,北京１００８７１）ＭＥＴＨＯＤＯＦＰＲＥＰＡＲＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＳＬＩＤＥＳＦＯＲＳＩＭＵＬＡＮＥＯＵＳＤＥＭＯＮＳＴＲＡＴＩＯＮＳＯＦＳＴＡＲＣＨＧＲＡＩＮ...     

CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE(NOS) FROM MOLLUSCAN CENTRAL GANGLIA

ＣＬＯＮＩＮＧＡＮＤＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＡＮＯＶＥＬＮＩＴＲＩＣＯＸＩＤＥＳＹＮＴＨＡＳＥ（ＮＯＳ）ＦＲＯＭＭＯＬＬＵＳＣＡＮＣＥＮＴＲＡＬＧＡＮＧＬＩＡＨｕａｎｇＳｈｉｌｅ１ＨｕｂｅｒｔＨ．Ｋｅｒｓｃｈｂａｕｍ２ＥｄｗｉｎＥｎｇｅｌ...     

Identification of resistance to Meloidogyne javanica in the Lycopersicon peruvianum complex

Clones of Lycopersicon peruvianum PI 2704352R2, PI 270435-3MH and PI 126443-1MH expressed novel resistance to three Mi-avirulent M. javanica isolates in greenhouse experiments. Clones from PI 126443-1MH were resistant to the three M. javanica isolates at 25°C. The three isolates were able to reproduce on one embryorescue hybrid of PI 126443-1MH, but not on three L. peruvianum-L. esculentum bridge-line hybrids of PI 1264431MH when screened at 25°C (Mi-expressed temperature). Clones of PI 270435-2R2 and all its hybrids with susceptible genotypes were resistant to the three M. javanica isolates at 25°C. The bridge-line hybrid EPP-2xPI 2704352R2 was susceptible to M. javanica isolate 811 at 32°C, whereas PI 270435-2R2 and all other hybrids of PI 27043 5-2R2 crossed with susceptible genotypes were resistant at 32°C. At 32°C, one F₂ progeny of PI 126443-IMHxEPP-1, and three test-cross progenies of PI 1264409MHx[PI 270435-3MHxPI 126443-1MH], and reciprocal test-cross progenies of [PI 270435-3MHxPI 2704352R2]xPI 126440-9MH, each segregated into resistant: susceptible (RS) ratios close to 31. The results from the F₂ progeny indicated that heat-stable resistance to Mi-avirulent M. javanica in PI 126443 -1MH is conferred by a single dominant gene. The results from the test-crosses indicated that this gene in PI 126443-1MH is different from the resistance gene in PI 270435-3MH. The resistance gene in PI 270435-3MH was also shown to differ from the resistance factor in PI 270435-2R2. The expression of differential susceptibility and resistance to M. javanica and M. incognita in individual plants of the bridge-line hybrid, embryo-rescue hybrid, F₂, and test-crosses indicated that at least some genes governing resistance to M. javanica differ from the genes conferring resistance to M. incognita. A new source of heat-stable resistance to M. javanica was identified in Lycopersicon chilense.     

Resistance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) to Cyprinid herpesvirus-3 is influenced by major histocompatibility (MH) class II B gene polymorphism

The role of MH class II B (Cyca-DAB1-like) genes in resistance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) to Cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (CyHV-3), also known as koi herpesvirus (KHV) was analysed. The material consisted of 934 fish from six carp crosses. Fish were challenged with CyHV-3 at an age of 7 and 10 months. During challenge experiments the peak of mortality caused by CyHV-3 was observed at days 8–12 p.i. and the overall cumulative mortality reached 79.9%. Among six Cyca-DAB1-like genotypes, revealed by PCR-RF-SSCP analysis, one genotype (E) was found associated with higher resistance to CyHV-3. Three other genotypes (B, H and J) could be linked to higher susceptibility to CyHV-3. Analysis of the alleles that compose the Cyca-DAB1-like genotypes linked one particular allele (Cyca-DAB1*05) to significantly increased, and two alleles (Cyca-DAB1*02 and Cyca-DAB1*06) to significantly decreased resistance to CyHV-3. Our data indicate that MH class II B genes could be used as potential genetic markers in breeding of common carp for resistance to this virus.     

Combining ability of summer-squash lines with different degrees of parthenocarpy and PRSV-W resistance

The aim was to assess heterosis in a set of 16 summer-squash hybrids, and evaluate the combining capacity of the respective parental lines, which differed as to the degree of parthenocarpy and resistance to PRSV-W (Papaya Ringspot Virus-Watermelon strain). The hybrids were obtained using a partial diallel cross design (4 × 4). The lines of parental group I were 1 = ABX-037G-77-03-05-01-01-bulk, 2 = ABX-037G-77-03-05-03-10-bulk, 3 = ABX-037G-77-03-05-01-04-bulk and 4 = ABX-037G-77-03-05-05-01-bulk, and of group II, 1' = ABX-037G-77-03-05-04-08-bulk, 2' = ABX-037G-77-03-05-02-11-bulk, 3' = Clarice and 4' = Caserta. The 16 hybrids and eight parental lines were evaluated for PRSV-W resistance, parthenocarpic expression and yield in randomized complete-block designs, with three replications. Parthenocarpy and the resistance to PRSV-W were rated by means of a scale from 1 to 5, where 1 = non-parthenocarpic or high resistance to PRSV-W, and 5 = parthenocarpic or high susceptibility to PRSV-W. Both additive and non-additive gene effects were important in the expression of parthenocarpy and resistance to PRSV-W. Whereas estimates of heterosis in parthenocarpy usually tended towards a higher degree, resistance to PRSV-W was towards higher susceptibility. At least one F(1) hybrid was identified with a satisfactory degree of parthenocarpy, resistance to PRSV-W and high fruit-yield.     

Drug resistance-conferring mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Madang, Papua New Guinea

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Monitoring drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is essential to curb the spread of tuberculosis (TB). Unfortunately, drug susceptibility testing is currently not available in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and that impairs TB control in this country. We report for the first time M. tuberculosis mutations associated with resistance to first and second-line anti-TB drugs in Madang, PNG. A molecular cluster analysis was performed to identify M. tuberculosis transmission in that region. RESULTS: Phenotypic drug susceptibility tests showed 15.7% resistance to at least one drug and 5.2% multidrug resistant (MDR) TB. Rifampicin resistant strains had the rpoB mutations D516F, D516Y or S531L; isoniazid resistant strains had the mutations katG S315T or inhA promoter C15T; streptomycin resistant strains had the mutations rpsL K43R, K88Q, K88R), rrs A514C or gidB V77G. The molecular cluster analysis indicated evidence for transmission of resistant strain. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a substantial rate of MDR-TB in the Madang area of PNG associated with mutations in specific genes. A close monitoring of drug resistance is therefore urgently required, particularly in the presence of drug-resistant M. tuberculosis transmission. In the absence of phenotypic drug susceptibility testing in PNG, molecular assays for drug resistance monitoring would be of advantage.     

Inheritance of heat-stable resistance to Meloidogyne incognita in Lycopersicon peruvianum and its relationship to the Mi gene

Summary The inheritance of heat-stable resistance to the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood, was studied in crosses between different accessions and clones of Lycopersicon peruvianum L. F₁, F₂ and BC₁ generations were evaluated for their index of resistance based on numbers of eggs and infective second-stage juveniles (J₂) per gram of root, and the segregation ratios were determined in experiments carried out at constant soil temperatures of 25 °C and 30 °C. L. peruvianum P.I. 270435 clones 3 MH and 2R2 and P.I. 126443 clone 1 MH, all heatstable resistant, were crossed with L. peruvianum P.I. 126440 clone 9 MH, which is susceptible at both 25 °C and 30 °C. All F₁ progeny were resistant at 25 °C and 30 °C; F₂ and BC₁ generations at 25 °C gave resistant: susceptible (RS) ratios of 151 and 31, respectively, which suggests that resistance is conditioned by two independently assorting genes. However, at 30 °C, RS ratios of 31 and 11 were observed for the F₂ and BC₁ generations, respectively. These results indicate that heat-stable resistance is conferred by a single dominant gene expressed at 30 °C, while the second resistance gene is heat unstable and not expressed at 30 °C. P.I. 270435 clones 2R2 and 3 MH and P.I. 126443 clone 1 MH were crossed with P.I. 128657 clone 3 R4 (source of gene Mi), which is resistant at 25 °C but susceptible at 30 °C. All of the F₁ progeny were resistant at 25 °C and 30 °C.TC₁ progeny of 270435-2 R2 x 128657-3 R4, 270435-3 MH x 128657-3 R4 and 126443-1 MH x 128657-3 R4 crossed with susceptible 126440-9 MH were all resistant at 25 °C and segregated in a 11 ratio at 30 °C. These results also suggest that the heat-stable resistance is monogenic and that it is non-allelic to gene Mi. The non-segregation of TC₁ progenies at 25 °C, suggests that the heat-unstable resistance factor in L. peruvianum P.I. 270435 clones 2 R2 and 3 MH and in P.I. 126443 clone 1 MH is allelic to or the same as gene Mi. We propose the symbol Mi-2 for the gene in P.I. 270435 that confers heat-stable resistance to M. incognita.     

Differentiation of Meloidogyne incognita and M. arenaria novel resistance phenotypes in Lycopersicon peruvianum and derived bridge-lines

Lycopersicon peruvianum PI 270435 clone 2R2 and PI 126443 clone 1MH were crossed reciprocally with three L. esculentum-L. peruvianum bridge-lines. The incongruity barrier between the two plant species was overcome; F₁ progeny were obtained from crosses between four parental combinations without embryo-rescue culture. Hybridity was confirmed by leaf and flower morphology and by the production of nematode-resistant F₁ progeny on homozygous susceptible parents. Clones of the five F₁ bridgeline hybrids were highly resistant to Mi-avirulent root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) at both 25°C and 30°C soil temperatures. However, only clones from PI 270435-3MH and PI 126443-1MH, and hybrids from PI 126443-1MH, were resistant to Mi-virulent M. incognita isolates at high soil temperature. Clones and hybrids from PI 270435-2R2 were not resistant to two Mi-virulent M. incognita isolates at high soil temperature. A source of heat-stable resistance was identified in bridge-line EPP-2, and was found to be derived from L. peruvianum LA 1708. Accessions of the L. peruvianum Maranon races, LA 1708 and LA 2172, and bridge-line EPP-2, segregated for heat-stable resistance to Mi-avirulent M. incognita, but were susceptible to Mi-virulent M. incognita isolates. Clone LA 1708-I conferred heat-stable resistance to M. arenaria isolate W, which is virulent to heat-stable resistance genes in L. peruvianum PI 270435-2R2, PI 270435-3MH, and PI 126443-1MH. Clone LA 1708-I has a distinct heat-stable factor for resistance to Mi-avirulent M. arenaria isolate W, for which the gene symbol Mi-4 is proposed. A Mi-virulent M. arenaria isolate Le Grau du Roi was virulent on all Lycopersicon spp. accessions tested, including those with novel resistance genes.     

300 株鲍曼不动杆菌琼脂稀释法与纸片扩散法药敏检测结果比较

目的:比较琼脂稀释法和纸片扩散法对鲍曼不动杆菌的药敏试验结果。方法:随机挑选的300株鲍曼不动杆菌,检测其标本及科室的分布情况,并采用琼脂稀释法和纸片扩散法检测鲍曼不动杆菌对环丙沙星(CIP)、庆大霉素(CN)、阿米卡星(AK)、头孢他啶(CAZ)、头孢吡肟(FEP)、左氧氟沙星(LEV)、氨苄西林-舒巴坦(SAM)、妥布霉素(TOB)、美洛培南(MEN)、米诺环素(MH)、头孢哌酮-舒巴坦(SCF)11种抗菌药物的敏感性,比较两种检测结果的差异。结果:300株鲍曼不动杆菌主要分布在痰液标本中,共214株,占71.3%,主要来源于ICU 101株(33.7%)及脑外科59株(19.7%)。药敏检测结果显示,两种检测方法所得的SCF和MH的敏感性差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),其他9种抗菌药物的药敏检测结果差异没有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:琼脂稀释法和纸片扩散法对鲍曼不动杆菌药敏试验结果并不完全一致,临床用药时尤其要注意SCF和MH这两种药物药敏结果的可靠性。     

207例男性尿道炎患者的解脲脲原体药敏分析

目的 了解广州地区解脲脲原体（Uu）的耐药性,更合理选择抗生素。方法 采用支原体药敏检测试剂盒和支原体固体培养基进行Uu培养、鉴定和药敏检测。结果 Uu阳性率为21.7%,强力霉素、美满霉素、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、罗红霉素、阿奇霉素、克拉霉素、交沙霉素和壮观霉索耐药率依次为3.4%、1.4%、53.6%、29%、1.4%、2.4%、0.05%、24.6%和13.5%。结论 广州地区对于Uu引起的非淋菌性尿道炎（NGU）,首选药物是以强力霉素、美满霉素、诺氟沙星、罗红霉素、阿奇霉素和克拉霉素为主,开展体外药敏试验,根据试验结果合理选择治疗药物。     

血流感染真菌的分布及耐药性分析

目的了解真菌性血液感染常见病原真茵的菌群分布及耐药性状况,为临床真菌感染性疾病提供病原学诊断和合理使用抗真菌药物的依据。方法回顾性分析浙江大学医学院附属第一医院5年（2008-2012年）间导致真菌性血液感染的217株真菌的菌群分布及药物敏感性状况。结果217株真菌标本中以假丝酵母菌属为主,占88. 5%;其中又以白假丝酵母菌比例最高,占35.4%。菌种分布与患者的性别和年龄存在相关性。60-79岁年龄组感染白假丝酵母菌多见,占49% ,这一比例明显高于其他真菌。男性更容易感染白假丝酵母菌（40.1% vs 24.6%,P〈0.05）,女性感染近平滑假丝酵母菌更常见（24.6% vs 11.8%,P〈0.05）.假丝酵母菌和新生隐球菌对两性霉素B、伏立康唑、氟康唑、伊曲康唑、5-氟胞嘧啶的敏感性均较高。光滑假丝酵母菌对伊曲康唑敏感率较低,仅为60.0%。结论真菌血流感染在临床呈上升趋势,抗真菌药物均体现较高抗菌活性,对真菌感染进行地区层面流行病学调查和耐药监测很重要。     

Genetic analysis of resistance to soybean mosaic virus in j05 soybean

Soybean cultivar J05 was identified to be resistant to the most virulent strain of soybean mosaic virus (SMV) in northeastern China. However, the reaction of J05 to SMV strains in the United States of America is unknown, and genetic information is needed to utilize this germplasm in a breeding program. The objectives of this study were to determine the reaction of J05 to all US strains of SMV (G1-G7), the inheritance of SMV resistance in J05, and the allelic relationship of resistance genes in J05 with other reported resistance genes. J05 was crossed with susceptible cultivar Essex (rsv) to study the inheritance of SMV resistance. J05 was also crossed with PI 96983 (Rsv1), L29 (Rsv3), and V94-5152 (Rsv4) to test the allelism of resistance genes. F(2) populations and F(2:3) lines from these crosses were inoculated with G1 or G7 in the greenhouse. Inheritance and allelism studies indicate that J05 possesses 2 independent dominant genes for SMV resistance, one at the Rsv1 locus conferring resistance to G1 and necrosis to G7 and the other at the Rsv3 locus conditioning resistance to G7 but susceptibility to G1. The presence of both genes in J05 provides resistance to G1 and G7. J05 is unique from the previous sources that carry 2 genes of Rsv1Rsv3 and will be useful in breeding for SMV resistance.